（歌见长沙方歌括。） 治太阳病无汗而小便反少。气上冲胸。口噤不得语。欲作刚痉
。此汤主之。
葛根 麻黄 甘草 芍药 桂枝 生姜 大枣
元犀按。无汗例用麻黄汤。然恶其太峻。故于桂枝汤加麻黄以发汗。君葛根以清经络之
热。
（歌见长沙方歌括。） 治痉病胸满口噤。卧不着席。脚挛急。必 齿。可与此汤。
大黄 浓朴 枳实 芒硝
元犀按。胸满口噤脚挛急 齿等证。皆热甚灼筋。筋急而甚之象。以此汤急下而救阴。
牙药不能进。以此汤从鼻中灌之。
治湿家身烦疼。发其汗为宜。慎不可以火攻之。宜此汤主之。
麻黄（三两。去节。） 桂枝（二两。） 甘草（一两。炙。） 白术（四两。） 杏仁
（七十个。去皮尖。）
上五味。以水九升。先煮麻黄减二升。去上沫。纳诸药。煮取二升半。去滓。温服八合。
覆
歌曰 烦疼湿气裹寒中。发汗为宜忌火攻。莫讶麻黄汤走表。术加四两里相融。
元犀按。身烦疼者。寒湿之邪着于肤表也。肤表实故无汗。无汗则邪无从出矣。方用麻
黄汤
此
方可知。今人炒燥炒黑上蒸水漂等制。皆失经旨。
治病者一身尽疼。发热日晡所剧者。此名风湿。此病伤于汗出当风
麻黄（半两。） 杏仁（十个。去皮尖） 薏苡（半两。） 甘草（一两。炙）
上锉麻豆大。每服四钱匕。水一盏半。煎八分。去滓。温服。有微汗避风。
歌曰 风湿身疼日晡时。（湿无去来。风有休息。与上节湿家分别在此。）当风（汗出当
风。）
（参） 以上二方。为湿家立法也。又有风湿之证。其痛轻掣不可屈伸。非如湿家之痛
重着不能转侧。且湿家发热旦暮不殊。风湿发热日晡增甚。晡申时也。阳明旺于申酉戌。土
恶湿。
然言风
无寒不作
之权。制
（歌诀见《长沙方歌括》。）治疗太阳病无汗且小便反而量少，气逆上冲胸部，口噤不能言语，即将发生刚痉。此汤主治。
葛根、麻黄、甘草、芍药、桂枝、生姜、大枣。
元犀按：无汗之例通常使用麻黄汤，然而担心其药力过于峻猛，故在桂枝汤中加入麻黄以发汗，以葛根为君药以清解经络之热。
（歌诀见《长沙方歌括》。）治疗痉病出现胸满、口噤，仰卧时身体不能着席（角弓反张），脚部拘挛急迫，必定伴有咬牙（齿）。可给予此汤。
大黄、浓朴、枳实、芒硝。
元犀按：胸满、口噤、脚挛急、咬牙等症状，都是热邪极盛灼伤筋脉，导致筋脉拘急严重的征象。用此汤急下以救阴液。若牙关紧闭药物无法进入，则将此汤从鼻中灌入。
治疗湿病患者身体烦疼，宜采用发汗法，务必不可用火攻法。适宜用此汤主治。
麻黄（三两，去节）、桂枝（二两）、甘草（一两，炙）、白术（四两）、杏仁（七十个，去皮尖）。
以上五味药，用水九升，先煮麻黄减少二升，去掉水面上的浮沫，加入其余药物，煮取二升半，去渣，温服八合。
覆被保暖。
歌曰：烦疼湿气裹寒中，发汗为宜忌火攻。莫讶麻黄汤走表，术加四两里相融。
元犀按：身体烦疼，是寒湿之邪附着于肤表。肤表闭塞故无汗，无汗则邪气无从排出。方用麻黄汤之意可知。如今之人将药材炒燥、炒黑或用水漂洗等炮制方法，都失去了经典的本意。
治疗患者全身疼痛，发热且在日晡时分（下午3-5点）加剧的，名为风湿。此病因出汗时当风受邪所致。
麻黄（半两）、杏仁（十个，去皮尖）、薏苡（半两）、甘草（一两，炙）。
切碎如麻豆大小，每次服用四钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去渣，温服。服药后若有微汗，需注意避风。
歌曰：风湿身疼日晡时。（湿邪无来去之分，风邪有休止之时，与上一节湿家不同之处在此。）当风（汗出当风）。
（参）以上两个方剂，是为湿家立法。又有风湿之证，其疼痛轻微掣痛，不可屈伸，不像湿家那样疼痛重着不能转侧。而且湿家发热早晚无明显差异，风湿发热则在日晡时分加重。申酉戌时为阳明旺时，土恶湿。
然而言风……无寒不作……之权，制……
(See the rhyme in *Changsha Fang Ge Kuo*.) It treats Taiyang disease (disease of the Taiyang channel) characterized by absence of sweating and a paradoxical decrease in urination, with Qi rushing upward to the chest, trismus (lockjaw/inability to speak), and impending Gang Jing (rigid tetanus). This decoction is indicated.
Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus).
Yu Xi notes: The standard treatment for absence of sweating is Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction); however, fearing its action is too harsh, Ma Huang is added to Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) to induce sweating, while Ge Gen serves as the sovereign herb to clear heat from the channels and collaterals.
(See the rhyme in *Changsha Fang Ge Kuo*.) It treats Jing disease (tetanus/spasm disorder) presenting with chest fullness, trismus, inability to lie flat on the back (opisthotonos), spasmodic contraction of the legs, and inevitably teeth grinding. This decoction may be administered.
Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Mang Xiao (Natrii Sulfas).
Yu Xi notes: Symptoms such as chest fullness, trismus, leg spasms, and teeth grinding are all manifestations of extreme heat scorching the sinews, leading to severe sinew tension. This decoction is used to purge urgently and rescue Yin fluids. If the jaw is clenched and oral medication cannot be taken, this decoction should be instilled through the nose.
It treats patients with dampness suffering from bodily restlessness and pain. Inducing sweating is appropriate; fire therapy must be strictly avoided. This decoction is suitable for treatment.
Ma Huang (3 liang, tips removed), Gui Zhi (2 liang), Gan Cao (1 liang, honey-fried), Bai Zhu (4 liang), Xing Ren (70 seeds, skin and tips removed).
The above five herbs are boiled in 9 sheng of water. First, boil Ma Huang until the volume reduces by 2 sheng, and remove the foam on the surface. Then add the remaining herbs and boil until 2.5 sheng remains. Strain and take 8 ge warm.
Cover with blankets for warmth.
Rhyme: Restless pain, dampness wraps cold within; Sweating is right, avoid fire's din. Do not marvel that Mahuang Tang goes to the exterior; With four liang of Atractylodes, interior and exterior blend together.
Yu Xi notes: Bodily restlessness and pain indicate cold-damp pathogenic factors adhering to the skin and surface. Because the surface is closed, there is no sweat; without sweat, the pathogen has no exit. The use of Mahuang Tang in this formula reveals this principle. Modern practices of stir-frying until dry, charring, or washing with water deviate from the original intent of the classics.
It treats patients with generalized body pain where fever exacerbates during the You hour (5 PM to 7 PM, often cited as Shen/You hours in some contexts, here referring to late afternoon/Yangming time). This is named Feng Shi (Wind-Dampness). This condition arises from sweating while exposed to wind.
Ma Huang (0.5 liang), Xing Ren (10 seeds, skin and tips removed), Yi Yi (0.5 liang), Gan Cao (1 liang, honey-fried).
Crush into pieces the size of hemp seeds. Take 4 qian bi per dose. Boil in 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain and take warm. After administration, if slight sweating occurs, avoid wind.
Rhyme: Wind-damp body pain at the You hour. (Dampness has no coming or going; Wind has periods of rest. This distinguishes it from the previous section on Dampness patients.) Exposed to wind (Sweating while exposed to wind).
(Reference) The above two formulas establish the legal treatment for Dampness patients. There is also a Wind-Damp syndrome where pain is mild and pulling, preventing flexion and extension, unlike the heavy, fixed pain of Dampness patients that prevents turning. Furthermore, Dampness patients have fever that does not differ significantly between morning and evening, whereas Wind-Damp fever increases significantly during the You hour. The Yangming channel is prosperous during Shen, You, and Xu hours. Earth dislikes dampness.
However, speaking of Wind... without Cold, it does not act... the power of regulation, formulation...