疟者，老疟也。三日一发，其气深固，卒不得出。有累年不愈者，亦曰三阴疟。大抵
疟病
在三阳者，宜汗宜和；在三阴者，宜温宜利，甚者非吐下不能拔其病根也。其胁下有块者，
名曰疟母，以鳖甲丸主之。
《千金》常山丸
常山（三两） 鳖甲（二两，炙） 知母（一两） 甘草（五钱）
蜜丸梧子大，未发前酒服十丸，临发一服，正发又一服。
鳖甲丸
鳖甲 香附（各二两） 三棱 蓬术（各一两） 常山（一两） 阿魏（二钱）
上并用醋浸神曲糊丸，白汤下梧子大五十丸，积消及半即止。
仁斋云∶疟之经久而不歇，其故何耶？有根在也。曰饮、曰水、曰败血是耳。疟家多蓄
痰涎
黄水，或停潴心下，则常山能吐之；或结癖胁间，则常山能破其癖而下之。其有纯热无寒，
或蕴热内实之证，投以常山，大便点滴而下，似泄不泄，须用北大黄为佐，大泄数下，然后
获
愈也。又妇人产后，败血流经，亦能令人寒热如疟，至暮则发，发则身痛如被杖，宜通经活
血之剂，鹿角屑和血止痛如神。
恶气所发，一病而五名也。其症令人寒热淋沥，沉沉默默，无处不恶。或腹痛胀急，不
得气
息，上冲心胸，及攻两胁；或垒块踊起，或挛引腰脊是也。其得之疾速，如飞走状者，名曰
飞尸。停遁不消，去来无时者，名曰遁尸。沉痼在人脏腑者，名曰沉尸。冲风则发者，名风
尸。隐伏积年不除者名伏尸。然虽有五者之名，其为鬼恶邪气则一也。亦可通以一法治之。
雄黄丸 治卒中飞尸，腹痛胀急，上冲心胸，及攻两胁，或垒块踊起，或挛引腰脊
。
雄黄（研） 大蒜（各一两）
二味捣丸如弹子大，每服一丸，热酒化下，未瘥更服。
蒺藜子丸 治同上。
蒺藜子（炒去刺，二两）
为末，蜜丸小豆大，食后水下二十丸。
木香丸
木香 丁香（各三分） 鬼箭羽 桔梗 当归 陈皮（去白，炒） 紫苏（微炒，各一两）
白槟榔（煨，十四枚） 桃仁（去皮尖双仁，炒黄色，十四枚）
上捣筛，每服五钱，水煎温服无时，日二。
蒸熨方 治遁尸、飞尸，及风毒肿，流入头面四肢。
芥子（蒸熟，焙，一斤）
为末，以铅丹二两拌匀，分作两处，用疏皮袋盛之，更换蒸热以熨痛处。
麝香散 治卒中恶气，心腹刺痛。
麝香（一分） 犀角屑 木香（各半两）
为末，每服二钱，空心热水调下，日二，未止再服。
又方 韭根（一握，切） 乌梅（十四枚） 吴茱萸（汤浸，焙干，二两半）
水五升，煮，以病患栉内其中，三沸，栉浮者生，沉者死，煮三升，时饮之。
按∶栉有通疏之用，浮属阳，沉属阴，阳主开而阴主闭，卒死客杵者，邪气暴加，诸阳
乍闭，得阳而开则生，得阴而闭则死也。
《本事方》云∶飞尸者，游走皮肤，穿脏腑，每发刺痛，变作无常。遁尸者，附骨入肉
，攻
凿血脉，每发不可得近见尸丧，闻哀哭便发。风尸者，淫跃四肢，不知痛之所在，每发昏沉
，得风雪便作。沉尸者，缠骨结脏，冲心胁，每发绞切，遇寒冷便作。疰尸者，举身沉重，
精神错杂，常觉昏废，每节气致变，辄成大恶。并宜用太乙神精丹，及苏合香丸，及忍冬叶
锉数斛，煮令浓，取汁煎之，如鸡子大，一枚，日三。
顷在徽城日，尝修合神精丹一料。庚申余家一妇人梦中见二苍头，一在前，一在后，手
中持
一物，前者云∶到也未？后应云∶到也。爆然有声，遂魇。觉后心一点，痛不可忍，昏闷一
时
许。予忽忆神精丹，有此一症，取三粒令服之，遂至府，过少顷归，妇已无病矣。云服药觉
痛止神醒，今如常矣。日后相识，稍有邪气，与一二服，无不应验。方在《千金》中，乃治
中风之要药，但近世少得曾青、磁石，为难合耳。
太乙神精丹 治客忤霍乱，腹痛胀满，尸疰恶风，颠狂鬼语，蛊毒妖魅。
雄黄（油煎七日） 雌黄 朱砂 磁石 曾青（各一两） 金芽石（六钱）
上各研细，将雌、雄黄、朱砂醋浸三日，曾青用好酒浸铜器中，纸封曝七日∶如天阴，
用火
焙干。六味同研匀，用砂盆盛令药满，得三分许，以此准合子大小，先以赤石脂末固缝，外
以六一泥固济讫，候干透，以晴明六合吉日，别用泥作三个柱子，高五寸，令平稳如鼎足状
，安合子，下置炭火三斤，逐渐添炭，常令及五斤，只在盆底，不得过口， 五日为度。放
冷水中浸合子候透，剥去泥，将合子轻手取开，其药精英五色，尽在盖上。亦有三色者，纯
白为上，研细，枣肉为丸，如粟米大，每服一丸，米饮下，如噤口牙紧，斡开前齿灌下，醒
。
疟疾，是指病程迁延的慢性疟疾。每隔三天发作一次，病邪之气深伏固结，难以迅速祛除。有的患者多年不愈，也称为三阴疟。大抵而言，疟病在三阳经者，适宜用发汗和解的方法；在三阴经者，适宜用温补和通利的方法，病情严重的，非用吐法或下法不能拔除病根。如果胁下有痞块，称为“疟母”，以鳖甲丸为主治方剂。
《千金方》常山丸：
常山（三两） 鳖甲（二两，经火炙） 知母（一两） 甘草（五钱）
将上述药材制成蜜丸，大小如梧桐子。在疟疾未发作前，用酒送服十丸；临发作时服一次，正发作时再服一次。
鳖甲丸：
鳖甲 香附（各二两） 三棱 蓬术（即莪术，各一两） 常山（一两） 阿魏（二钱）
以上药材均用醋浸泡过的神曲糊制作成丸剂，用白开水送服，大小如梧桐子的五十丸。待积聚痞块消除一半时即可停药。
仁斋说：疟疾经久不愈的原因是什么？是因为有病根存在。所谓的病根，就是饮邪、水湿、瘀血罢了。患疟疾的人体内多蓄积痰涎和黄水，如果停滞在心下，常山能使其呕吐排出；如果结聚在胁间形成癖块，常山能破除癖块并引导其下行。如果有纯热无寒，或者内蕴实热的证候，服用常山后，大便点滴而下，似泻非泻，此时必须配合使用北大黄作为佐药，通过多次强力泻下，然后才能痊愈。另外，妇女产后，败血流入经络，也能导致人体出现像疟疾一样的寒热症状，通常在傍晚发作，发作时身体疼痛如同被棍棒击打，适宜使用通经活血的药剂，鹿角屑配合活血药物止痛效果极佳。
由恶气引发的疾病，一种病却有五种名称。其症状使人寒热交替、淋漓不尽，神情抑郁沉默，周身不适。或者腹痛胀急，气息不通，气机上冲心胸，以及攻窜两胁；或者肿块隆起，或者牵引腰脊疼痛。这是指发病迅速，如飞走一般的，称为飞尸；停留隐匿不消，来去无常的，称为遁尸；沉痼于脏腑深处的，称为沉尸；遇风则发作的，称为风尸；隐伏多年不除的，称为伏尸。然而虽然有这五种名称，但它们都是鬼恶邪气所致，本质相同。也可以用同一种方法治疗。
雄黄丸：治疗突然中受飞尸，腹痛胀急，气上冲心胸，攻窜两胁，或者肿块隆起，或者牵引腰脊疼痛。
雄黄（研末） 大蒜（各一两）
将这两味药捣碎制成丸剂，大小如弹子。每次服用一丸，用热酒化开送下，如果未痊愈可继续服用。
蒺藜子丸：主治同上。
蒺藜子（炒去刺，二两）
研为细末，用蜂蜜制成小豆大小的丸剂，饭后用温水送服二十丸。
木香丸：
木香 丁香（各三分） 鬼箭羽 桔梗 当归 陈皮（去白皮，炒制） 紫苏（微炒，各一两）
白槟榔（煨制，十四枚） 桃仁（去皮尖及双仁，炒至黄色，十四枚）
以上药材捣碎过筛，每次服用五钱，用水煎煮温服，不限时间，每日两次。
蒸熨方：治疗遁尸、飞尸，以及风毒肿胀，流注到头面四肢。
芥子（蒸熟，焙干，一斤）
研为细末，与铅丹二两拌匀，分成两份，用透气的皮袋装好，轮流蒸热后熨烫疼痛部位。
麝香散：治疗突然中受恶气，心腹刺痛。
麝香（一分） 犀角屑 木香（各半两）
研为细末，每次服用二钱，空腹时用热水调服，每日两次，如果症状未止可再次服用。
又一方：韭根（一把，切碎） 乌梅（十四枚） 吴茱萸（汤浸，焙干，二两半）
加水五升，煮沸，将病人的梳子放入其中，煮至沸腾三次。梳子浮起来的代表病人能生，沉下去的代表会死。煮取三升药液，时时饮用。
按语：梳子具有通疏的作用，浮属阳，沉属阴。阳主开泄而阴主闭藏。猝然客死或因外邪冲击致死，是邪气暴加，诸阳之气暂时闭塞，得到阳气开通则生，得到阴气闭塞则死。
《本事方》说：飞尸，游走于皮肤之间，穿透脏腑，每次发作都有刺痛，变化无常。遁尸，附着于骨骼肌肉，攻凿血脉，每次发作时不可靠近，见到丧事、听到哀哭就会发作。风尸，淫逸跳跃于四肢，不知疼痛所在，每次发作时昏沉，遇到风雪天气就会发作。沉尸，缠绕骨骼结聚于脏腑，冲击心胁，每次发作时绞痛剧烈，遇到寒冷天气就会发作。疰尸（注：原文此处作沉尸，但描述符合疰尸特征，且下文提及疰尸，故保留原文逻辑），全身沉重，精神错乱，常觉得昏废，每逢节气变化就会引发大病。这些都适宜使用太乙神精丹，以及苏合香丸，以及忍冬叶切碎数斛，煮得浓稠，取汁液煎炼，制成如鸡蛋大的丸剂，每次一枚，每日三次。
过去我在徽州城时，曾经配制过一批神精丹。庚申年，我家一位妇人在梦中看见两个黑奴，一个在前，一个在后，手中拿着一样东西，前面的问：“到了吗？”后面的回答：“到了。”突然发出声响，于是妇人被魇住。醒来后心口一点疼痛难忍，昏闷了一时许。我突然想起神精丹可以治疗这种症状，便取三粒让她服用，随后我去了府衙，过了一会儿回来，妇人已经没病了。她说服药后感觉疼痛停止、神志清醒，现在一切正常。日后相识的人，稍感邪气，给一二服，没有不灵验的。此方记载在《千金方》中，是治疗中风的重要药物，只是近代很少能得到曾青、磁石，难以配制罢了。
太乙神精丹：治疗客忤霍乱，腹痛胀满，尸疰恶风，癫狂鬼语，蛊毒妖魅。
雄黄（油煎七日） 雌黄 朱砂 磁石 曾青（各一两） 金芽石（六钱）
以上各药研细，将雌黄、雄黄、朱砂用醋浸泡三日，曾青用好酒浸泡在铜器中，用纸密封曝晒七日；如果是阴天，用火焙干。六味药共同研匀，用砂盆盛放，装入约三分之一的量，以此为准确定合子的大小。先用赤石脂粉末封固缝隙，外面再用六一泥加固密封，等干透后，选择晴朗吉利的六合日，另用泥土做三个柱子，高五寸，使其平稳如鼎足状，安放合子，下面放置三斤炭火，逐渐添加炭火，常令总量达到五斤，只在盆底，不得超过合子口沿，以五天为期限。冷却后，将合子浸入冷水中直到透彻，剥去泥土，轻轻打开合子，药物的精英五色全部聚集在盖子上。也有三色的，纯白色为上品，研细，用枣肉制作成丸，大小如粟米。每次服用一丸，米汤送下。如果是噤口牙紧的患者，撬开前齿灌入，病人苏醒。
Malaria (Nue) refers to chronic malaria that has persisted for a long time. It occurs every three days, with the pathogenic qi deeply entrenched and firmly fixed, making it difficult to expel rapidly. Some patients suffer from it for years without recovery, also known as San Yin Malaria (Malaria involving the Three Yin meridians). Generally speaking, for malaria affecting the Three Yang meridians, sweating and harmonizing methods are appropriate; for those affecting the Three Yin meridians, warming and purging/drainage methods are appropriate. In severe cases, only emesis or purgation can eradicate the root of the disease. If there is a mass under the hypochondrium, it is called "Malaria Mother" (Nue Mu), which should be treated primarily with Biejia Wan (Turtle Shell Pill).
Qianjin Fang Changshan Wan:
Changshan (Dichroa Radix, 3 liang) Biejia (Tartaric Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, 2 liang, roasted) Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 1 liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 5 qian)
Process into honey pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take ten pills with wine before the onset of fever. Take one dose at the onset of symptoms, and another dose during the peak of the attack.
Biejia Wan:
Biejia (Tartaric Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum) Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma) [each 2 liang] Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma) Pengzhu (Curcumae Rhizoma) [each 1 liang] Changshan (Dichroa Radix, 1 liang) Awei (Ferulae Resina, 2 qian)
Soak all ingredients in vinegar and Shenqu (Medicated Leaven) paste to make pills. Take fifty pills the size of Sophora seeds with warm water. Stop when the accumulation is reduced by half.
Ren Zhai stated: Why does malaria persist for a long time without ceasing? Because there is a root cause. The root causes are phlegm-fluid retention, water-dampness, and blood stasis. Patients with malaria often accumulate phlegm-saliva and yellow fluids. If these stagnate in the epigastrium, Changshan can induce vomiting to expel them; if they knot into masses between the ribs, Changshan can break down the masses and guide them downward. In cases of pure heat without chills, or internal excess heat syndromes, administering Changshan may result in scanty bowel movements that seem like diarrhea but are not. In such cases, Beida Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) must be used as an assistant herb. Strong purgation several times is required before recovery can be achieved. Furthermore, in postpartum women, blood stasis flowing into the collaterals can cause chills and fever resembling malaria, typically occurring in the evening. During attacks, body pain feels like being beaten with a stick. Formulas that unblock the meridians and invigorate blood are suitable. Lujiaoxie (Cervi Cornus Degelatinati Calceus) combined with blood-invigorating herbs stops pain miraculously.
Diseases caused by evil qi have one pathology but five names. Symptoms include alternating chills and fever, dripping discomfort, depression and silence, and general malaise. Or abdominal pain and distension urgency, inability to breathe freely, qi rushing upward to the heart and chest, and attacking both hypochondria; or raised lumps, or pulling pain in the lower back and spine. This refers to diseases that develop rapidly, like flying creatures, named Fei Shi (Flying Corpse); those that linger and do not dissipate, coming and going unpredictably, named Dun Shi (Escaping Corpse); those deeply entrenched in the zang-fu organs, named Chen Shi (Sunken Corpse); those triggered by wind, named Feng Shi (Wind Corpse); and those hidden for years without removal, named Fu Shi (Hidden Corpse). Although there are five names, they are all caused by ghostly evil qi and share the same nature. They can be treated with a unified method.
Xionghuang Wan: Treats sudden invasion by Fei Shi, causing abdominal pain and distension urgency, qi rushing to the heart and chest, attacking the hypochondria, raised lumps, or pulling pain in the waist and spine.
Xionghuang (Realgar, ground) Dasuan (Allii Sativi Bulbus) [each 1 liang]
Pound these two ingredients into pills the size of a bullet. Take one pill per dose, dissolved in hot wine. If not cured, take again.
Jili Zi Wan: Treats the same conditions as above.
Jili Zi (Tribuli Fructus, stir-fried to remove spines, 2 liang)
Grind into powder, make into small bean-sized pills with honey. Take twenty pills after meals with warm water.
Muxiang Wan:
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos) [each 3 fen] Guijianyu (Spatholobi Caulis) Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white part removed, stir-fried) Zisu (Perillae Folium, lightly stir-fried) [each 1 liang] Baibinglang (Arecae Semen, baked, 14 pieces) Taoren (Persicae Semen, peel and tip removed, double-kernel removed, stir-fried until yellow, 14 pieces)
Pound and sieve the above ingredients. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in water and take warm at any time, twice daily.
Zhengwen Fang (Steaming and Compress Formula): Treats Dun Shi, Fei Shi, and wind-toxin swelling flowing into the head, face, and four limbs.
Jiezi (Brassicae Semis Mustardae, steamed ripe, dried, 1 jin)
Grind into powder, mix evenly with 2 liang of Qiedan (Minii Oxidum Rubrum). Divide into two portions, place in breathable leather bags, steam until hot, and apply as a compress to painful areas.
Shexiang San: Treats sudden invasion of evil qi, causing stabbing pain in the heart and abdomen.
Shexiang (Moschus, 1 fen) Xijiaoxie (Rhinocerotis Cornu, shaved) Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) [each 0.5 liang]
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with hot water on an empty stomach, twice daily. If symptoms persist, take again.
Another Prescription: Jiugen (Allii Tuberosi Radix, one handful, chopped) Wumei (Mume Fructus, 14 pieces) Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, soaked in water, dried, 2.5 liang)
Add 5 sheng of water, boil. Place the patient's comb inside. Boil three times. If the comb floats, the patient will live; if it sinks, the patient will die. Decoct to 3 sheng. Drink frequently.
Note: Combs have the function of dredging and venting. Floating belongs to Yang, sinking belongs to Yin. Yang governs opening, while Yin governs closing. Sudden death due to external pathogens involves violent addition of evil qi and temporary closure of all Yang qi. Receiving Yang qi leads to opening and life; receiving Yin qi leads to closure and death.
The Ben Shi Fang states: Fei Shi wanders in the skin, penetrates the zang-fu organs, and causes stabbing pain upon each attack, changing unpredictably. Dun Shi attaches to bones and enters flesh, attacking and piercing blood vessels. Each attack cannot be approached; seeing funerals or hearing mourning cries triggers it. Feng Shi jumps wildly in the four limbs, with unknown pain locations. Each attack brings drowsiness, triggered by wind and snow. Chen Shi wraps around bones and knots in organs, impacting the heart and hypochondria. Each attack causes severe twisting pain, triggered by cold. Zhu Shi (注尸 - Tethered Corpse) causes heaviness of the whole body, mental confusion, constant feeling of fainting and exhaustion. Each solar term change triggers major illness. All these should be treated with Taiyi Shening Dan (Great One Divine Spirit Cinnabar Pill), Suhexiang Wan (Styrax Pill), and by chopping Ren Dong Ye (Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis) into several hu, boiling it thick, extracting the juice, and refining it into pills the size of chicken eggs. Take one pill, three times daily.
When I was in Huizhou City, I once prepared a batch of Shening Dan. In the Gengshen year, a woman in my family dreamed of two dark-skinned servants, one in front and one behind, holding an object. The one in front asked, "Has it arrived?" The one behind replied, "It has arrived." Suddenly there was a loud noise, and she became sleep-paralyzed (Ya). Upon waking, she felt unbearable pain in one spot of her heart and was dizzy for about an hour. I suddenly remembered that Shening Dan treats this symptom, so I took three pills for her to ingest. Then I went to the prefecture office. When I returned shortly after, the woman was already healthy. She said that after taking the medicine, the pain stopped and her spirit cleared, and she is now normal. Later, acquaintances who felt slight evil qi took one or two doses, and all were effective. This formula is recorded in the Qianjin Fang and is a key medicine for treating Wind-Stroke (Zhong Feng). However, in recent times, it is rare to obtain Zengqing (Azurite) and Cishi (Magnetitum), making it difficult to prepare.
Taiyi Shening Dan: Treats Ke Wu (External Intrusion) Cholera, abdominal pain and distension, Shi Zhu (Tethered Corpse) aversion to wind, mania and delirium, Gu Du (Poisonous Worms) and demons.
Xionghuang (Realgar, fried in oil for seven days) Cihuang (Orpiment) Zhusha (Cinnabaris) Cishi (Magnetitum) Zengqing (Azurite) [each 1 liang] Jinyashi (Calamina, 6 qian)
Grind each ingredient finely. Soak Cihuang, Xionghuang, and Zhusha in vinegar for three days. Soak Zengqing in good wine in a copper vessel, seal with paper, and expose to sun for seven days; if cloudy, dry with fire. Grind the six ingredients together uniformly. Fill a clay pot with the medicine to about one-third full, using this as a standard for the size of the crucible. First, seal the seams with Chishizhi powder (Hematitum), then reinforce externally with Liuyi Ni (Six-One Mud). Wait until completely dry. On a sunny day auspicious for hexagrams, make three mud pillars, five cun high, stable like tripod legs. Place the crucible on them. Put three jin of charcoal underneath, gradually adding charcoal to maintain a total of five jin, keeping it only at the bottom of the pot, not exceeding the rim. Process for five days. After cooling, soak the crucible in cold water until thoroughly cooled. Peel off the mud, gently open the crucible. The essence of the medicine, displaying five colors, will be entirely on the lid. There may also be three colors; pure white is the best grade. Grind finely, make into pills with jujube meat, the size of millet seeds. Take one pill per dose with rice drink. If the patient has locked jaw, pry open the front teeth and administer. The patient will awaken.