1.师曰∶疟脉自弦,弦数者多热,弦迟者多寒。弦小紧者,下之瘥,弦迟者,可温之;弦紧者,可发汗、针
灸也;浮大者,可吐之;弦数者,风发也,以饮食消息止之。
2.病疟,以月一日发,当以十五日愈;设不瘥,
当月尽解;如其不瘥,当云何?师曰∶此结为 瘕,名曰疟母,急治之,宜鳖甲煎丸。
鳖甲煎丸
鳖甲(十二分,炙) 乌扇(三分,烧) 黄芩(三分) 柴胡(六分) 鼠妇(三分,熬) 干姜(三分)
大黄(三分) 芍药(五分) 桂枝(三分) 葶苈(一分,熬) 石苇(三分,去毛) 浓朴(三分) 牡丹
(五分,去心) 瞿麦(二分) 紫葳(三分) 半夏(一分) 人参(一分) 虫(五分,熬) 阿胶(三
分,炙) 蜂窠(四分,炙) 赤硝(十二分) 蜣 (六分,熬) 桃仁(二分)
上二十三味,为末,取熊灶下灰一斗,清酒一斛五斗,浸灰,候酒尽一半,着鳖甲于中,煮令泛烂如胶漆,
绞取汁,纳诸药,煎为丸如梧子大,空心服七丸,日三服。
(《千金方》用鳖甲十二片,又有海藻三分,大戟一分, 虫五分,无鼠妇、赤硝二味,以鳖甲煎和诸药为
丸。)
3.师曰∶阴气孤绝,阳气独发,则热而少气烦冤,手足热而欲呕,名曰瘅疟。若但热不寒者,邪气内藏于
心,外舍分肉之间,令人消铄肌肉。
4.温疟者,其脉如平,身无寒但热,骨节疼烦,时呕,白虎加桂枝汤主之。
白虎加桂枝汤方
知母(六两) 甘草(二两,炙) 石膏(一斤) 粳米(二合) 桂(去皮,三两)
上 ,每五钱,水一盏半,煎至八分,去滓,温服,汗出愈。
5.疟多寒者,名曰牝疟,蜀漆散主之。
蜀漆散方
蜀漆(洗去腥) 云母(烧二日夜) 龙骨(等分)
上三味,杵为散,未发前以浆水服半钱。温疟加蜀漆半分,临发时服一钱匕。(一方云母作云实。)
附《外台秘要》方
牡蛎汤 治牡疟。
牡蛎(四两,熬) 麻黄(去节,四两) 甘草(三两) 蜀漆(三两)
上四味,以水八升先煮蜀漆、麻黄,去上沫,得
六升,纳诸药煮取二升,温服一升。若吐,则勿更服。
柴胡去半夏加栝蒌汤 治疟病发渴者,亦治劳疟。
柴胡(八两) 人参 黄芩 甘草(各三两) 栝蒌根(四两) 生姜(二两) 大枣(十二枚)
上七味,以水一斗二升,煮取六升,去滓,再煎取三升,温服一升,日二服。
柴胡桂姜汤 治疟寒多微有热,或但寒不热。(服一剂如神。)
柴胡(半斤) 桂枝(三两,去皮) 干姜(二两) 栝蒌根(四两) 黄芩(三两) 牡蛎(三两,熬)
甘草(二两,炙)
上七味,以水一斗二升,煮取六升,去滓,再煎取三升,温服一升,日三服。初服微烦,复服汗出便愈。
1. 老师说:疟疾的脉象自然呈现弦脉,弦而数的脉象多表现为热证,弦而迟的脉象多表现为寒证。弦小且紧的脉象,可以用攻下法治疗而痊愈;弦而迟的脉象,可以用温法治疗;弦而紧的脉象,可以用发汗法或针灸治疗;浮大脉象,可以用吐法治疗;弦数脉象,属于风邪引发的发热(风发),可以通过饮食调理来止住它。
2. 患疟疾的人,如果在农历初一发病,应当在十五天内痊愈;如果没好,应当在当月月底解除病邪;如果还没好,该怎么办?老师说:这是因为邪气结聚形成痞块,名叫“疟母”,必须紧急治疗,适宜使用鳖甲煎丸。
鳖甲煎丸方剂组成:
鳖甲(十二分,炙烤)、乌扇(三分,烧制)、黄芩(三分)、柴胡(六分)、鼠妇(三分,熬制)、干姜(三分)、大黄(三分)、芍药(五分)、桂枝(三分)、葶苈(一分,熬制)、石苇(三分,去毛)、浓朴(三分)、牡丹(五分,去心)、瞿麦(二分)、紫葳(三分)、半夏(一分)、人参(一分)、䗪虫(五分,熬制)、阿胶(三分,炙烤)、蜂窠(四分,炙烤)、赤硝(十二分)、蜣螂(六分,熬制)、桃仁(二分)。
以上二十三味药,研成细末,取熊灶下的灰一斗,清酒一斛五斗,浸泡药灰,等到酒蒸发掉一半时,将鳖甲放入其中,煮至烂熟如胶漆状,绞取汁液,加入其他药物,煎煮制成梧桐子大小的丸药,空腹服用七丸,每日三次服用。
(《千金方》中使用鳖甲十二片,另外还有海藻三分、大戟一分、䗪虫五分,没有鼠妇和赤硝这两味药,用鳖甲煎液调和诸药制成丸药。)
3. 老师说:阴气孤立断绝,阳气独自发散,就会出现发热、气短、心中烦闷冤屈的感觉,手足发热并想呕吐,这叫做瘅疟(dān nüè,一种以高热为主的疟疾)。如果只有发热而没有恶寒,说明邪气内藏于心,外留于肌肉纹理之间,使人肌肉消瘦枯槁。
4. 温疟(wēn nüè,先热后寒或但热不寒的疟疾)患者,其脉象如同正常人的脉象,身体没有恶寒只有发热,骨节疼痛烦扰,时常呕吐,应当用白虎加桂枝汤主治。
白虎加桂枝汤方剂组成:
知母(六两)、甘草(二两,炙烤)、石膏(一斤)、粳米(二合)、桂枝(去皮,三两)。
以上五味药,每次取五钱,加水一盏半,煎煮至八分满,滤去药渣,温服,出汗即愈。
5. 疟疾中寒多热少的,名叫牝疟(pìn nüè,以寒战为主的疟疾),用蜀漆散主治。
蜀漆散方剂组成:
蜀漆(洗去腥味)、云母(烧制两个夜晚)、龙骨(等量)。
以上三味药,捣碎过筛成散剂,在发作前用浆水送服半钱。温疟加蜀漆半分,临发作时服用一钱匕。(另一版本说云母改为云实。)
附《外台秘要》中的方剂:
牡蛎汤:治疗牡疟(mǔ nüè,寒多热少之疟)。
牡蛎(四两,熬制)、麻黄(去节,四两)、甘草(三两)、蜀漆(三两)。
以上四味药,用水八升,先煮蜀漆和麻黄,去掉上面的泡沫,得到六升药液,加入其他药物,再煮取二升药液,温服一升。如果出现呕吐现象,则不要继续服用。
柴胡去半夏加栝蒌汤:治疗疟病发作时口渴者,也治疗劳疟(láo nüè,久疟伤正之疟)。
柴胡(八两)、人参、黄芩、甘草(各三两)、栝蒌根(四两)、生姜(二两)、大枣(十二枚)。
以上七味药,用水一斗二升,煎煮取六升药液,滤去药渣,再次煎煮取三升药液,温服一升,每日两次服用。
柴胡桂姜汤:治疗疟疾寒多微有热,或者只寒不热。(服用一剂效果神奇。)
柴胡(半斤)、桂枝(三两,去皮)、干姜(二两)、栝蒌根(四两)、黄芩(三两)、牡蛎(三两,熬制)、甘草(二两,炙烤)。
以上七味药,用水一斗二升,煎煮取六升药液,滤去药渣,再次煎煮取三升药液,温服一升,每日三次服用。初次服用感到轻微心烦,再次服用出汗后即痊愈。
1. The Master said: The pulse of malaria naturally presents as a string-like (Xian) pulse. A string-like and rapid pulse indicates mostly heat; a string-like and slow pulse indicates mostly cold. A string-like, small, and tight pulse can be treated with purgation to achieve recovery; a string-like and slow pulse can be treated with warming methods; a string-like and tight pulse can be treated with diaphoresis or acupuncture/moxibustion; a floating and large pulse can be treated with emesis; a string-like and rapid pulse indicates wind-induced fever (Feng Fa), which can be resolved through dietary management.
2. For patients suffering from malaria, if the onset occurs on the first day of the lunar month, it should heal within fifteen days; if not healed, it should resolve by the end of that month. If it does not resolve, what should be done? The Master said: This is due to the accumulation of pathogenic factors forming a mass, named "Malaria Mother" (Nüe Mu). It must be treated urgently, and Biejia Jian Wan (Turtle Shell Decoction Pill) is indicated.
Biejia Jian Wan (Turtle Shell Decoction Pill):
Bie Jia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, 12 fen, roasted), Wu Shan (Iris Tectori Rhizoma, 3 fen, burned), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 3 fen), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, 6 fen), Shu Fu (Psoraleae Fructus, 3 fen, processed), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 3 fen), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 3 fen), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 5 fen), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 fen), Ting Li (Lepidii Semen, 1 fen, processed), Shi Wei (Pyrrosiae Folium, 3 fen, hairs removed), Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 3 fen), Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex, 5 fen, heart removed), Qu Mai (Polygoni Avicularis Herba, 2 fen), Zi Wei (Campsis Flower, 3 fen), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 1 fen), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 1 fen), E Chong (Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, 5 fen, processed), E Jiao (Colla Corii Asini, 3 fen, roasted), Feng Ke (Apis Nidus, 4 fen, roasted), Chi Xiao (Sal Nitri, 12 fen), Qiang Lang (Scarabaeus, 6 fen, processed), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen, 2 fen).
The above twenty-three ingredients are ground into powder. Take one dou (unit of volume) of ash from a bear's hearth and one hu (unit of volume) of clear wine to soak the ash. Wait until half of the wine has evaporated, then add Bie Jia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum) and boil until it becomes soft and gelatinous like lacquer. Strain to obtain the juice, add the other medicines, and decoct into pills the size of a wu zi (wu berry). Take seven pills on an empty stomach, three times a day.
(Note: In *Qianjin Fang*, twelve pieces of Bie Jia are used, along with Hai Zao (Sargassum Herba, 3 fen), Da Ji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix, 1 fen), and E Chong (Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, 5 fen); Shu Fu (Psoraleae Fructus) and Chi Xiao (Sal Nitri) are omitted. The pills are made by mixing the herbs with the Bie Jia decoction.)
3. The Master said: When Yin Qi is isolated and exhausted, and Yang Qi acts alone and erupts, there will be fever, shortness of breath, mental vexation and oppression, hot hands and feet, and a desire to vomit. This is called Dan Nüe (Damp-Malaria/Heat Malaria). If there is only heat without chills, the pathogenic factor resides internally in the Heart and externally in the muscle interspaces, causing the muscles to waste away.
4. Wen Nüe (Warm Malaria) presents with a pulse similar to normal, body heat without chills, pain and irritability in the bone joints, and occasional vomiting. Bai Hu Jia Gui Zhi Tang (White Tiger plus Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is the primary treatment.
Bai Hu Jia Gui Zhi Tang (White Tiger plus Cinnamon Twig Decoction):
Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 6 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang, roasted), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 jin), Jing Mi (Oryza Sativa, 2 he), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 liang, bark removed).
The above five ingredients are taken in doses of five qian per serving, boiled with one and a half lamps of water until reduced to eight-tenths. Strain and take warm. Recovery occurs with sweating.
5. Malaria characterized by excessive cold is called Pin Nüe (Yin Malaria/Cold Malaria), treated with Shu Qi San (Shu Qi Powder).
Shu Qi San (Shu Qi Powder):
Shu Qi (Perillae Folium, washed to remove fishy odor), Yun Mu (Muscovite, roasted for two nights), Long Gu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi, equal parts).
The above three ingredients are pounded into a powder. Take half a qian with Jiang Shui (fermented grain water) before the onset of symptoms. For Wen Nüe (Warm Malaria), add half a qian of Shu Qi and take one qian-bi at the time of onset. (Another version substitutes Yun Mu with Yun Shi [Corni Fructus].)
Appendix from *Waitai Miyao*:
Muli Tang (Oyster Shell Decoction): Treats Mu Nüe (Oyster Malaria/Cold-predominant Malaria).
Muli (Ostreae Concha, 4 liang, roasted), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, de-jointed, 4 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang), Shu Qi (Perillae Folium, 3 liang).
The above four ingredients are boiled in eight sheng of water. First decoct Shu Qi and Ma Huang, removing the foam on top, until six sheng remain. Add the remaining herbs and decoct until two sheng remain. Take one sheng warm. If vomiting occurs, do not take further.
Chai Hu Qu Ban Xia Gua Lou Gen Tang (Bupleurum Decoction minus Pinellia plus Trichosanthes Root): Treats malaria with thirst during attacks, also treats Lao Nüe (Exhaustion Malaria).
Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, 8 liang), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang each), Gua Lou Gen (Trichosanthis Radix, 4 liang), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 2 liang), Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus, 12 pieces).
The above seven ingredients are boiled in twelve dou of water until six sheng remain. Strain and decoct again until three sheng remain. Take one sheng warm, twice a day.
Chai Hu Gui Jiang Tang (Bupleurum and Dried Ginger Decoction): Treats malaria with predominant cold and slight heat, or only cold without heat. (One dose yields miraculous results.)
Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, half a jin), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 liang, bark removed), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 2 liang), Gua Lou Gen (Trichosanthis Radix, 4 liang), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 3 liang), Muli (Ostreae Concha, 3 liang, roasted), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang, roasted).
The above seven ingredients are boiled in twelve dou of water until six sheng remain. Strain and decoct again until three sheng remain. Take one sheng warm, three times a day. Initial intake may cause mild restlessness; subsequent intake leads to sweating and recovery.