（身热、后重、腹痛、下血。）
戴云∶痢虽有赤白二色，终无寒热之分，通作湿热治。但分新旧，更量元气。用药与赤白带同。
身热挟外感∶不恶寒，小柴胡汤去人参。恶寒发热为表证，宜微汗和解。
苍术 川芎 陈皮 芍药 甘草 生姜煎服。
后重，积与气郁坠下，兼升兼消。
或气行血和积少，但虚坐努力，此为亡血。倍用归身尾，却以生芍药、生地黄、桃仁佐之，复以陈皮和之。
或下痢而大孔痛者，此因热流于下也。用木香、槟榔、黄芩、黄连（炒）、干姜。
或痢退减十之七八，积已尽，糟粕未实，当炒芍药、炒白术、炙甘草、陈皮、茯苓汤下固肠丸三十粒。
然固肠丸性躁，有去湿实肠之功，恐滞气未尽者，不可遽用此药，只宜单服此汤可也。
或痢后糟粕未实，或食稍多，或饥甚方食腹中作痛者，切勿惊恐。以白术、陈皮各半盏煎服。和之则安。
或久痢后，体虚气弱，滑泄不止，又当以诃子肉、豆蔻、白矾、半夏之类择用以涩之。甚则加牡蛎，然
须以陈皮为佐。若大涩，亦能作痛。又甚者，灸大枢、气海。
古方用浓朴为泻凝滞之气，然朴太温而散气，久服，大能虚人。滞气稍行，即去之。余滞未尽，以炒
枳壳、陈皮。然枳壳亦能耗气，比之浓朴少缓，比陈皮亦重。滞退一半，当去之，只用陈皮以和诸药。陈皮去
白，有补泻之兼才，若为参术之佐，亦能补也。
凡痢疾腹痛，必以白芍药、甘草为君，当归、白术为佐。恶寒痛者加桂；恶热痛者加黄柏。达者更能参
以岁气、时令用药，则万举万全，岂在乎执方哉。
诸不治证∶
下痢纯血者必死。下痢如尘腐色者死。
下痢如屋漏者死。下痢如竹筒注者，不可治。
下痢如鱼脑者，半生半死。
（症状表现为：身体发热、肛门坠胀感、腹部疼痛、便血。）
戴元礼说：痢疾虽然分为赤痢和白痢两种颜色，但终究没有寒证和热证的严格区分，通常都按照湿热证来治疗。只是需要区分是新病还是久病，并且要衡量患者元气的强弱。用药原则与白带病的治法相同。
若身体发热且夹杂外感邪气：如果不恶寒，用小柴胡汤去掉人参；如果恶寒且发热，这是表证，适宜用微汗法和解表里。
方药组成：苍术、川芎、陈皮、芍药、甘草，加生姜煎服。
若有肛门坠胀感，是因为积滞与气机郁结导致下坠，治疗需兼顾升提气机和消导积滞。
如果是气机运行通畅、血液调和且积滞减少，但出现虚坐努责（想排便却排不出，用力挣扎），这是失血的表现。应加倍使用当归尾，并辅以生芍药、生地黄、桃仁，再用陈皮来调和药性。
如果有下痢且肛门疼痛的，这是因为热邪流注于下部所致。可用木香、槟榔、黄芩、黄连（炒制）、干姜。
如果痢疾症状减轻十之七八，积滞已尽，但大便尚未成形，应用炒芍药、炒白术、炙甘草、陈皮、茯苓煎汤送服固肠丸三十粒。
然而固肠丸药性燥烈，虽有祛湿实肠的功效，但若担心体内滞气未尽，不可急于使用此药，只宜单独服用上述汤剂即可。
如果在痢疾之后大便仍未成形，或者进食稍多，或者极度饥饿时进食导致腹中疼痛，切勿惊慌恐惧。用白术、陈皮各半盏煎服。药物调和则病情安定。
如果是久痢之后，体质虚弱、元气不足，滑泄不止，又应当选择诃子肉、豆蔻、白矾、半夏等药物来收敛固涩。严重时加入牡蛎，但必须以陈皮作为佐使药。如果过度收敛，也可能导致疼痛。更严重的情况，可艾灸大枢穴、气海穴。
古方中使用厚朴来泻除凝滞之气，但厚朴过于温燥且容易耗散正气，长期服用会严重损伤人体元气。一旦滞气稍行，就应立即停用。对于剩余的滞气，使用炒枳壳、陈皮。然而枳壳也会耗气，其作用比厚朴缓和，但比陈皮重。当滞气消退一半时，应当去除枳壳，只用陈皮来调和诸药。陈皮去白后，兼具补益和泻实的作用，如果作为人参、白术的佐药，也能起到补益作用。
凡是痢疾引起的腹痛，必须以白芍药、甘草为君药，当归、白术为佐药。恶寒且痛的加上桂枝；恶热且痛的加上黄柏。高明的大夫更能参考当年的岁气、时令特点来用药，这样就能万无一失，哪里在于死守成方呢？
各种无法治愈的证候：
下痢纯血的必定死亡。下痢如尘土腐色（灰暗浑浊）的死亡。
下痢如屋漏水滴（断续不匀）的死亡。下痢如竹筒直注（喷射状）的，不可治疗。
下痢如鱼脑（黏稠如胶）的，半生半死。
(Symptoms include: fever, tenesmus, abdominal pain, and bloody stool.)
Dai Yuanli stated: Although dysentery presents in two colors—red and white—it does not strictly differentiate between cold and heat syndromes; it is generally treated as a damp-heat syndrome. However, one must distinguish between acute and chronic cases and assess the patient's primordial qi (vital energy). The principles of medication are similar to those for leukorrhea.
If fever is accompanied by an external pathogenic invasion: If there is no aversion to cold, use Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with Ginseng removed. If there is both aversion to cold and fever, this indicates a exterior syndrome, which should be treated with mild sweating to harmonize the exterior and interior.
Prescription: Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), decocted with Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens).
In cases of tenesmus, caused by accumulation and qi stagnation leading to downward bearing, treatment must combine lifting qi and resolving accumulation.
If qi circulation is smooth, blood is harmonized, and accumulation is reduced, but the patient experiences "empty straining" (feeling the urge to defecate but being unable to pass stool due to weakness), this indicates blood loss. Use double the dose of Dangguiwei (Radix Angelicae Sinensis Caulis/Cauda), assisted by Sheng Shaoyao (Raw Paeoniae Radix), Sheng Dihuang (Raw Rehmanniae Radix), and Taoren (Persicae Semen), then harmonize with Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium).
If dysentery is accompanied by anal pain, this is due to heat flowing downward. Use Muxiang (Vladimiriae Root), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, stir-fried), and Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma).
If dysentery symptoms have subsided by 70-80%, and the accumulation is cleared but the feces are not yet solid, administer Guchang Wan (Intestine-Securing Pill, 30 pills) washed down with a decoction of Chao Shaoyao (Stir-fried Paeoniae Radix), Chao Baizhu (Stir-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), and Fuling (Poria).
However, Guchang Wan has a drying nature and possesses the function of dispelling dampness and consolidating the intestines. If there is concern that stagnant qi has not fully resolved, do not hastily use this pill; it is better to take only the aforementioned decoction alone.
After dysentery, if the feces remain unformed, or if abdominal pain occurs after eating slightly too much, or after eating when extremely hungry, do not panic. Decoct Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), each half a cup, and take orally. Harmonization leads to stability.
In cases of chronic dysentery where the body is weak and qi is deficient, with continuous slippery diarrhea, select herbs such as Hezi Rou (Arecae Semen Pericarpium), Doukou (Cardamomi Fructus Rotundus), Baifan (Alumen), and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) to astringe. In severe cases, add Muli (Ostreae Concha), but always use Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) as an assistant. Over-astringency can also cause pain. For even more severe cases, moxa on Dachshu (BL23) and Qihai (CV6).
Ancient formulas use Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) to drain stagnant qi, but Houpo is too warm and dispersing, potentially depleting qi; long-term use severely damages the person. Once stagnant qi begins to move, discontinue its use. For residual stagnation, use Chao Zhike (Stir-fried Aurantii Fructus) and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). Zhike also consumes qi; its action is milder than Houpo but heavier than Chenpi. When stagnation is half-resolved, remove Zhike and use only Chenpi to harmonize the other herbs. Chenpi without the white pith possesses both tonifying and draining properties; when used as an assistant to Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), it can also provide tonification.
For all abdominal pain caused by dysentery, Baishao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) must serve as the sovereign drugs, with Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) as minister drugs. Add Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) for pain with aversion to cold; add Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) for pain with aversion to heat. Skilled physicians further consider the annual climate and seasonal timing when prescribing, ensuring success in every case, rather than rigidly adhering to fixed formulas.
Various untreatable conditions:
Pure bloody dysentery leads to death. Dysentery resembling dust or rot color leads to death.
Dysentery resembling dripping water from a leaking roof (intermittent and sparse) leads to death. Dysentery pouring out like water from a bamboo tube is incurable.
Dysentery resembling fish brain (viscous and gelatinous) results in a prognosis of half-life, half-death.