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\r伏人周身总穴图\pG-G2.bmp\r
《素问》十二卷，世称黄帝岐伯问答之书。及观其旨意，殆非一时之言，而所撰述，亦
非一人之手。刘向指为诸韩公子所着；程子谓出战国之末。而其大略正如《礼记》之萃于汉
儒，而与孔子、子思之言并传也。盖灵兰秘典、五常正大、六元正纪等篇，无非阐明阴阳五
行
之《甲乙》、杨上善之《太素》，亦皆本之于此，而微有异同。医家之纲法，无越于是书矣
。然按《西汉艺文志》，有《内经》十八卷及扁鹊名。白氏云∶《内经》凡三家，而《素问
》之
卷，牵合《汉志》之数，而为之注释，复以阴阳大论，托为师张公所藏，以补其亡逸，而其
用心亦勤矣。惜乎朱墨混淆，玉石相乱，训诂失之于迂疏，引援或至于未切。至宋林亿、高若
讷等，正其误文，而增其缺义，颇于冰为有功。
《难经》十三卷，秦越人祖述《黄帝内经》，设为问答之辞，以示学人。所引经言，多
非灵、素本文，盖古有其书，而今亡之耳。隋时有吕博望注本不传，宋王唯一集五家之说，
而醇疵或相乱，惟虞氏粗为可观。纪齐卿注稍密，乃附辨杨玄操、吕广、王宗正
三子之非，周仲立颇加订易，而考证未明，李子野亦为句解，而无所启发。近代张洁古注后
附药，殊非经义。王少卿演绎其说，目曰重玄，亦未足以发前人之蕴。滑伯仁取长弃短，折衷
以己意，作《难经本义》。
《子午经》一卷，论针灸之要，撰成歌诀，后人根据托扁鹊者。
《铜人针灸图》三卷，宋仁宗诏王维德考次针灸之法，铸铜人为式，分腑脏十二经，
旁注俞穴所会，刻题其名，并为图法，并主疗之术，刻板传于世。夏竦为序。然其 穴，比
之《灵枢》本输、骨空等篇，颇亦繁杂也。
《明堂针灸图》三卷，题曰∶黄帝论人身俞穴及灼灸禁忌。曰明堂者，谓雷公问道，黄
帝授之，亦后人所根据托者。
《存真图》一卷，晁公谓杨介编。崇宁间泗州刑贼于市，郡守李夷行遣医并画工往，亲
决膜摘膏肓，曲折图之，尽得纤悉，介校以古书，无少异者。比《欧希范五脏图》过之远矣
，实有益医家也。王莽时，捕得翟义党王孙庆，使太医尚方与巧屠共刳剥之，量度五脏，以竹
道其脉，知所终始，云可以治病，亦是此意。
《膏肓灸法》二卷，清源庄绰季裕所集。
《千金方》三十卷，唐孙思邈所撰。用药之方，诊脉之诀，针灸之穴，禁忌之法，以至
导引养生之要，无不周悉。曰千金者，以人命至重，有贵千金。议者谓其未知伤寒之数。
《千金翼方》三十卷，孙思邈掇拾遗帙，以羽翼其书。首之以药录，次之以妇人、伤寒
、小儿、养性、辟谷、退居、补益、杂病、疮痈、色脉、针灸，而禁术终焉。
《外台秘要》，唐王焘在台阁二十年，久知弘文馆，得古方书千百卷，因述诸症候，
附以方药、符禁、灼灸之法，凡一千一百四门。天宝中出守房陵、及大宁郡，故名焉。
《金兰循经》，元翰林学士忽泰必列所着，其子光济铨次。大德癸卯，平江郡文学岩
陵邵文龙为之序。首绘脏腑前后二图，中述手足三阴、三阳走属，继取十四经络流注，各为
注释，列图于后，传之北方。自恒山董氏锓梓吴门，传者始广。
《济生拔萃》十九卷，一卷取《针经节要》，二卷集《洁古云岐针法》、《窦氏流注》
，三卷《针经摘英》。首针法，以仿古制也。延佑间杜思敬所撰者。
《针经指南》，古肥窦汉卿所撰。首标幽赋，次定八穴指法及叶蛰宫图，颇与《素问》
《针灸杂说》，建安窦桂芳类次。取《千金》禁忌人神及离合真邪论，未能曲尽针灸之
《资生经》，东嘉王执中叔雅，取三百六十穴，背面巅末，行分类别，以穴属病，盖合
《铜人》、《千金》、《明堂》、《外台》而一之者也。
《十四经发挥》三卷，许昌滑寿伯仁，传针法于东平高洞阳，得其开阖流注交别之要。
至若阴、阳、维、跷、带、冲六脉，皆有系属，而惟督、任二经，则包乎背腹，而有专穴，
诸经满而溢者，此则受之，宜与十二经并论。通考邃穴六百五十有七，而施治功，以尽医之神秘。
《神应经》二卷，乃宏纲陈会所撰。先着《广爱书》十二卷，虑其浩瀚，独取一百一十
九穴，为歌为图，仍集治病要穴，总成一帙，以为学人守约之规。南昌刘瑾校。
《针灸节要》三卷、《聚英》四卷，乃四明梅孤高武纂集。
《针灸捷要》，燕山廷瑞徐凤着集。
《玄机秘要》，三衢继洲杨济时家传着集。
《小儿按摩经》，四明陈氏着集。
《古今医统》、《乾坤生意》、《医学入门》、《医经国小》中取关于针灸者，其姓氏
《针灸大成》总辑以上诸书，类成一部，分为十卷，委晋阳靳贤选集校正。
【仰视人体全身总穴图】\pG-G1.bmp\r
【俯卧人体全身总穴图】\pG-G2.bmp\r
《素问》共十二卷，世人称之为黄帝与岐伯问答的著作。但细观其主旨意趣，大概并非出自一时之言，其所撰述，也非一人之手笔。刘向指出这是由各位韩国的公子所著；程子认为它出自战国末期。而其大致情况正如《礼记》汇集于汉代儒生之手，却与孔子、子思的言论一同流传一样。像《灵兰秘典论》、《五常政大论》、《六元正纪大论》等篇章，无不是在阐明阴阳五行之理。皇甫谧的《甲乙经》、杨上善的《太素》，也都以此为基础，只是细微处略有异同。医家的纲领法则，没有超出这本书的了。然而查阅《汉书·艺文志》，其中有《内经》十八卷及扁鹊的名字。白氏说：《内经》共有三家，而《素问》的卷数，是牵强附会《汉志》的数目，并为之作注释，又假托《阴阳大论》为老师张公所藏，用来补充其散佚的内容，他的用心也算勤勉了。可惜书中朱墨（批注）混淆，好坏混杂，训诂解释过于迂腐疏漏，引用援据有时也不够贴切。到了宋代林亿、高若讷等人，校正了其中的误文，增补了缺失的含义，对冰（指古籍整理或医学传承，此处喻指对经典的维护）颇有功劳。
《难经》共十三卷，秦越人（扁鹊）阐述《黄帝内经》，采用设问回答的形式，以教导后学。其中引用的经文，大多不是《灵枢》、《素问》的原文，大概是古代有这本书，如今已经失传罢了。隋朝时有吕博望的注本已不流传，宋代王唯一汇集了五家的说法，但优劣瑕疵相互混杂，只有虞氏的注解大体还算可观。纪齐卿的注稍显严密，于是附带辩驳杨玄操、吕广、王宗正三人的错误，周仲立加以修订改动，但考证尚不明确，李子野也为之作句解，但没有多少启发。近代张洁古在注后附上药物，这殊不符合经义。王少卿演绎其学说，命名为《重玄》，也不足以发挥前人的深蕴。滑伯仁取其长处弃其短处，折衷以己意，撰写了《难经本义》。
《子午经》一卷，论述针灸的要领，写成歌诀，后人根据此书托名扁鹊所作。
《铜人针灸图》三卷，宋仁宗下诏命王维德考订针灸之法，铸造铜人作为模型，分列腑脏十二经脉，旁边标注腧穴交会之处，刻写穴位名称，并绘制图法，以及主治疗法，刻板流传于世。夏竦为此书写序。然而其穴位，比起《灵枢》的本输、骨空等篇，颇为繁杂。
《明堂针灸图》三卷，题名为：黄帝论述人身腧穴及灼灸禁忌。所谓“明堂”，是说雷公问道，黄帝传授给他，这也是后人托名之作。
《存真图》一卷，晁公武认为是杨介编纂。崇宁年间，泗州在闹市处决罪犯，郡守李夷行派遣医生和画工前往，亲自解剖观察筋膜，摘取膏肓部位，曲折详尽地描绘出来，极尽细微之处，杨介用古书校对，几乎没有差异。这比《欧希范五脏图》要好得远了，确实对医家有益。王莽时期，捕获翟义的党羽王孙庆，让太医尚方与巧屠共同剖剥他，测量五脏，用竹管引导脉络，了解其始终，声称可以治病，也是这个意思。
《膏肓灸法》二卷，由清源庄绰（字季裕）所集。
《千金方》三十卷，由唐代孙思邈所撰。用药的方剂，诊脉的口诀，针灸的穴位，禁忌的方法，以至于导引养生的要领，无不周全详细。称为“千金”，是因为人命至重，价值超过千金。议论者认为他不懂得伤寒的规律。
《千金翼方》三十卷，孙思邈拾遗补缺，以辅助其原书。开头是药录，接着是妇人、伤寒、小儿、养性、辟谷、退居、补益、杂病、疮痈、色脉、针灸，最后以禁术结束。
《外台秘要》，唐代王焘在台阁任职二十年，久知弘文馆，得到古方书千百卷，因此叙述各种症候，附上方药、符咒禁术、灼灸的方法，共一千一百四门。天宝年间出任房陵太守，后又任大宁郡守，所以取名如此。
《金兰循经》，元代翰林学士忽泰必列所著，其子光济编次。大德癸卯年，平江郡文学岩陵邵文龙为其作序。首先绘制脏腑前后两幅图，中间叙述手足三阴、三阳的走向归属，接着选取十四经络流注，各自为作注释，将图列在后面，流传到北方。自从恒山董氏在吴门刻印，流传者才开始广泛。
《济生拔萃》十九卷，第一卷取《针经节要》，第二卷汇集《洁古云岐针法》、《窦氏流注》，第三卷《针经摘英》。首列针法，是为了仿效古代制度。这是延佑年间杜思敬所撰写的。
《针经指南》，由古肥窦汉卿所撰。首先列出标幽赋，其次确定八穴指法及叶蛰宫图，颇与《素问》...（原文此处似有缺漏或断句问题，依上下文理解为窦汉卿之作）...《针灸杂说》，由建安窦桂芳类次。取《千金》中关于禁忌人神及离合真邪论的内容，未能详尽无余地阐述针灸...（原文此处亦有断句混乱，意指窦桂芳之书未完全涵盖针灸精髓）。
《资生经》，由东嘉王执中（字叔雅）所撰，选取三百六十个穴位，分背面、巅末，按行分类别，以穴位隶属病症，大概是融合了《铜人》、《千金》、《明堂》、《外台》诸书而成的一部著作。
《十四经发挥》三卷，由许昌滑寿（字伯仁）所撰，他从东平高洞阳那里学习针法，掌握了开阖流注交别的要领。至于阴、阳、维、跷、带、冲六脉，都有系属，而只有督、任二经，则包裹背腹，且有专属穴位，其他经脉满溢时，由此受纳，应当与十二经并列讨论。通考深邃穴位六百五十七个，施治功效，以穷尽医学的神秘奥妙。
《神应经》二卷，是由宏纲陈会所撰。先著有《广爱书》十二卷，担心其内容浩瀚，单独选取一百一十九个穴位，编写成歌诀和图表，仍收集治病要穴，总共成一册，作为后学者守约的规范。由南昌刘瑾校订。
《针灸节要》三卷、《聚英》四卷，是由四明梅孤高武纂集。
《针灸捷要》，由燕山廷瑞徐凤着集。
《玄机秘要》，由三衢继洲杨济时家传着集。
《小儿按摩经》，由四明陈氏着集。
从《古今医统》、《乾坤生意》、《医学入门》、《医经国小》中选取关于针灸的内容，其作者姓氏...（原文此处语意未尽，意指这些书中有相关针灸内容）。
《针灸大成》总辑以上诸书，分类汇编成一部，分为十卷，委托晋阳靳贤选集校正。
[Diagram of Total Acupoints on the Human Body in Supine Position] \pG-G1.bmp\r
[Diagram of Total Acupoints on the Human Body in Prone Position] \pG-G2.bmp\r
The *Suwen* (Basic Questions) consists of twelve volumes and is widely known as a book of dialogues between the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) and Qibo. However, upon examining its purport, it seems unlikely that these were words spoken at one time, nor was it written by a single hand. Liu Xiang pointed out that it was authored by various princes of the State of Han; Cheng Zi believed it originated from the late Warring States period. Its general situation is similar to how the *Liji* (Book of Rites) was compiled by Han Confucians but transmitted alongside the words of Confucius and Zisi. Chapters such as *Linglan Midian Lun* (Treatise on the Secret Canon of Spiritual Warehouses), *Wuchang Zhengda Lun* (Treatise on the Upright and Righteousness of Five Constants), and *Liuyuan Zhengji Daliun* (Great Treatise on the Correct Ordinances of the Six Origins) all serve to elucidate the principles of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water). Huangfu Mi's *Jiayi Jing* (Classic of Convergence and Separation) and Yang Shangshan's *Taisu* (Supreme Primordial) are also based on this text, differing only slightly in details. The guidelines and methods of medicine do not exceed this book. Yet, according to the *Yiwen Zhi* (Bibliographic Treatise) of the *Han Shu* (Book of Han), there are eighteen volumes of *Neijing* (Inner Canon) and the name Bian Que. Bai Shi stated: There were three schools of *Neijing*, and the volume count of *Suwen* was forced to match the number in the *Han Zhi*, with annotations added. Furthermore, the *Yinyang Dalun* (Grand Treatise on Yin and Yang) was falsely attributed to being hidden by Master Zhang Gong to supplement lost content; his intention was diligent. Alas, red and black ink (annotations and original text) are confused, good and bad materials are mixed, exegesis is pedantic and loose, and citations are sometimes inappropriate. It was not until the Song Dynasty, when Lin Yi, Gao Ruonuo, and others corrected erroneous texts and supplemented missing meanings, that merit was achieved in preserving these classics.
The *Nanjing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) consists of thirteen volumes. Qin Yueren (Bian Que) expounded upon the *Huangdi Neijing*, using a question-and-answer format to instruct learners. The canonical quotes cited therein are mostly not from the original texts of *Lingshu* or *Suwen*, likely because ancient books existed but have since been lost. During the Sui Dynasty, an annotated version by Lü Bowang did not survive. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Weiyi collected theories from five schools, but strengths and flaws were intermingled; only Yu Shi's commentary was roughly satisfactory. Ji Qiqing's annotation was slightly more rigorous, including refutations against Yang Xuancuo, Lü Guang, and Wang Zongzheng. Zhou Zhongli made revisions, but textual research remained unclear. Li Ziye provided sentence-by-sentence explanations but offered little enlightenment. In recent times, Zhang Jiegu added herbal prescriptions after the annotations, which deviates significantly from the canonical meaning. Wang Shaoqing elaborated on these theories, titling it *Chongxuan*, yet this was insufficient to uncover the profound insights of predecessors. Hua Borin selected strengths and discarded weaknesses, synthesizing his own views to create the *Nanjing Benyi* (Original Meaning of the Classic of Difficult Issues).
The *Ziwu Jing* (Meridian Clock Classic) is one volume discussing the essentials of acupuncture and moxibustion, composed into rhymed verses. Later generations attributed it to Bian Que.
The *Tongren Zhenjiu Tu* (Bronze Man Acupuncture and Moxibustion Diagrams) comprises three volumes. Emperor Renzong of Song ordered Wang Weide to examine and arrange acupuncture methods, casting bronze models as standards. These depicted the twelve meridians of the zang-fu organs, with acupoint intersections noted on the sides, names engraved, diagrams drawn, and therapeutic indications listed. Woodblocks were carved for dissemination. Xia Song wrote the preface. However, the acupoints listed are rather complex compared to the *Ben Shu* (Root Acupoints) and *Gu Kong* (Bone Cavity) chapters of the *Lingshu*.
The *Mingtang Zhenjiu Tu* (Hall of Light Acupuncture and Moxibustion Diagrams) comprises three volumes, titled: "Yellow Emperor Discusses Human Acupoints and Contraindications for Burning and Moxibustion." The term "Mingtang" refers to Lei Gong asking questions and the Yellow Emperor teaching him; this is also a later pseudonymous work.
The *Cuzhen Tu* (True Preservation Diagram) is one volume. Chao Gongwu attributed its compilation to Yang Jie. During the Chongning era, a criminal named Yu was executed in Sizhou. The prefect, Li Yixing, sent doctors and painters to observe the dissection of membranes and extraction of the gao-huang area, depicting every detail meticulously. Yang Jie verified this against ancient texts and found no discrepancies. This far surpassed the *Ouxifan Wazang Tu* (Ouxifan Five Viscera Diagram) and was truly beneficial to physicians. During the Wang Mang era, Wang Sunqing, a partisan of Zhai Yi, was captured. Imperial physicians and skilled butchers dissected him, measured the viscera, used bamboo tubes to trace meridians, and understood their origins and endings, claiming this could cure diseases. This reflects a similar intent.
The *Gaohuang Jiufa* (Moxibustion Methods for Gaohuang) consists of two volumes, compiled by Zhuang Chuo (courtesy name Jiyu) of Qingyuan.
The *Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) consists of thirty volumes, authored by Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty. It covers medicinal formulas, pulse diagnosis techniques, acupuncture points, contraindications, and even the essentials of daoyin (guiding and pulling) and health preservation. It is called "Thousand Gold" because human life is precious, worth more than a thousand gold. Critics argued that he lacked knowledge of shaoyang (cold damage) patterns.
The *Qianjin Yifang* (Supplemental Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) consists of thirty volumes. Sun Simiao gathered lost manuscripts to supplement his previous work. It begins with Pharmacological Records, followed by sections on women's diseases, cold damage, pediatrics, self-cultivation, grain avoidance, retirement, tonification, miscellaneous diseases, sores and abscesses, color and pulse diagnosis, acupuncture, and concludes with forbidden arts.
The *Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions from the Imperial Library) was authored by Wang Tao of the Tang Dynasty. Having served in the imperial library for twenty years and accessed thousands of ancient medical texts, he described various symptoms and appended formulas, talismanic spells, and moxibustion methods, totaling 1,104 categories. He served as governor of Fangling and later Daning Commandery during the Tianbao era, hence the title.
The *Jinlan Xunjing* (Golden Orchid Meridian Channel Classic) was authored by Hu Tai Bilie, Hanlin Academician of the Yuan Dynasty, and edited by his son Guangji. In the Gui Mao year of the Dade era, Sha Wenlong, a scholar from Yanling, Pingjiang Prefecture, wrote the preface. It first illustrates anterior and posterior diagrams of the viscera, then describes the pathways of the three yin and three yang meridians of the hands and feet, followed by the flow and distribution of the fourteen meridian channels, each with annotations and diagrams, spreading to the north. Since Dong Shi of Hengshan had it printed in Wumen, it became widely circulated.
The *Jisheng Baci* (Extracts for Saving Lives) consists of nineteen volumes. Volume one extracts the *Zhenjing Jiaoyao* (Essentials of the Needle Classic); volume two collects *Jiegu Yunqi Zhenfa* (Acupuncture Methods of Jiegu's Cloudly Divider) and *Dou Shi Liuzhu* (Dou's Flowing Distribution); volume three contains *Zhenjing Zhaoying* (Selected Heroes of the Needle Classic). It lists acupuncture methods first to emulate ancient systems. This was written by Du Sijing during the Yanyou era.
The *Zhenjing Zhinan* (Guide to the Needle Classic) was authored by Dou Hanqing of Gufei. It begins with the *Biaoyou Fu* (Rhapsody on Marking the Profound), followed by finger techniques for the Eight Confluent Points and the Yezhe Palace diagram. It aligns somewhat with the *Suwen*... [Text fragment implies comparison or continuation]. *Zhenjiu Zasuo* (Miscellaneous Sayings on Acupuncture and Moxibustion) was classified by Dou Guifang of Jian'an. It took content regarding the taboos of humans and spirits and the theory of separating true and evil from the *Qianjin Fang*, but failed to exhaustively explain acupuncture... [Text fragment implies incompleteness].
The *Zisheng Jing* (Scripture of Nourishing Life) was authored by Wang Zhizhong (courtesy name Shuya) of Dongjia. He selected 360 acupoints, categorizing them by back/front and head/extremities, associating points with diseases. It essentially integrated the *Tongren*, *Qianjin*, *Mingtang*, and *Waitai* texts into one.
The *Shisi Jing Fa Hui* (Elucidation of the Fourteen Meridians) consists of three volumes, authored by Hua Shou (courtesy name Borin) of Xuchang. He learned acupuncture techniques from Gao Dongyang of Dongping, mastering the essentials of opening/closing, flow/distribution, and intersections. Regarding the six vessels—Yin, Yang, Wei, Chong, Qiao, and Dai—they all have connections, but only the Du and Ren meridians envelop the back and abdomen respectively and have specific acupoints. When other meridians are full and overflow, these receive it, and they should be discussed alongside the twelve regular meridians. A comprehensive survey identified 657 deep acupoints, applying treatment to reveal the mysteries of medicine.
The *Shenyi Jing* (Divine Response Classic) consists of two volumes, authored by Chen Huisui of Honggang. He previously wrote the *Guang Ai Shu* (Book of Broad Love) in twelve volumes. Concerned it was too vast, he selected 119 acupoints, creating songs and diagrams, collecting essential points for treating diseases, and compiling them into one volume as a concise guide for students. It was collated by Liu Jin of Nanchang.
The *Zhenjiu Jiaoyao* (Essentials of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) in three volumes and *Zhuying* (Gathering Heroes) in four volumes were compiled by Mei Gugao Wu of Siming.
The *Zhenjiu Jieyao* (Swift Essentials of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) was collected by Xu Feng of Yanshan Tingrui.
The *Xuanji Miyao* (Mysterious Secrets of the Profound Mechanism) was a family collection by Yang Jishi of Sanqu Jizhou.
The *Xiao'er Anmo Jing* (Pediatric Massage Classic) was collected by the Chen clan of Siming.
Content related to acupuncture and moxibustion was extracted from *Gujin Yitong*, *Qiankun Shengyi*, *Yixue Rumen*, and *Yijing Guoxiao*, noting the authors' names... [Text fragment implies listing sources].
The *Zhenjiu Dacheng* (Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) comprehensively collected the above works, categorized into one volume, divided into ten scrolls, and entrusted to Jin Xian of Jinyang for selection, collection, and correction.