动者。如气不行。将针伸提而已。退者。为补泻欲出针时。各先退针一豆许。然后却留
针。
。以为搓也。进者。凡不得气。男外女内者。及春夏秋冬。各有进退之理。盘者。凡如针腹
部。于穴内轻盘摇而已。摇者。凡泻时欲出针。必须动摇而后出。弹者。凡补时用指甲轻弹
针。使气疾行也。如泻不可用。捻者。以手指捻针也。务要记夫左右。左为外。右为内。循
者。凡下针于部分经络之处。用手上下循之。使气血往来。经云。推之则行。引之则止。扪
者。凡补者出针时。用手扪闭其穴也。摄者。下针时得气涩滞。随经络上用大指甲上下切。
其气血自得通行也。按者。以手按针。无得进退。如按切之状。爪者。凡下针用手指作力。
置针有准也。切者。凡下针必先用大指甲左右于穴切之。令气血宣散。然后下针。是不使伤
于荣卫也。
按此十四法。所谓进、退、动、摇、弹、扪、摄、循、切、按、爪皆素问针法。搓、捻
非素问法也。
金针赋云。一曰烧山火。治顽麻冷痹。先浅后深。用九阳而三进三退。慢提紧按。热至
紧闭
。寒则徐徐举针。退热之可凭。皆细细搓之。去病准绳。三曰阳中之阴。先寒后热。浅而深
。以九六之法。则先补后泻也。四曰阴中之阳。先热后寒。深而浅。以九六之法。则先泻后
补也。补者。直须热至。泻者。务待寒侵。犹如搓线。慢慢转针。在浅则用浅法。在深则用
深法。二者不可兼而紊之也。五曰子午捣臼。水蛊隔气。落穴之后。调气均匀。针行上下。
九入六出。左右转之。千遭自平。六曰进气之诀。腰背肘膝痛。浑身走注疼。刺九分。行九
补。卧针五七吸。待气上行。亦可龙虎交战。左捻九而右捻六。是亦住痛之针。七曰留气之
诀。 癖 瘕。刺七分。用纯阳。然后乃直插针。气来深刺。提针再停。八曰抽添之诀。瘫
痪疮癞。取其要穴。使九阳得气。提按搜索。大要运气周遍。扶针直插。复向下纳。回阳倒
阴。指下玄微。胸中活法。一有未应。反复再施。
按此八法巧立名色。非素、难意也。
动法。当气机运行不畅时，只需将针轻轻提插即可。退法。在施行补泻手法准备出针时，先将针退出少许（约一粒豆的距离），然后留针。这被视为搓法的一种操作。进法。凡是不得气的情况，根据男女不同（男取外、女取内）以及春夏秋冬四季的不同，各有进退的规律。盘法。凡针刺腹部穴位时，仅在穴内进行轻微的盘旋摇动。摇法。凡施行泻法准备出针时，必须动摇针体后再拔出。弹法。凡施行补法时，用指甲轻弹针柄，使经气迅速运行。如果是泻法则不可使用此法。捻法。用手指捻转针体。务必记住左右方向，左为外，右为内。循法。凡在下针于经络部位时，用手沿经络上下循按，使气血往来流通。《内经》说：“推之则行，引之则止。”扪法。凡施行补法出针时，用手按压闭合针孔。摄法。下针得气后感觉涩滞，随经络走向用大指甲上下切掐，这样气血自然得以通行。按法。用手按住针体，使其不进退，如同切脉时的按压状态。爪法。下针时用手指用力定准位置，以便准确置针。切法。凡下针前，必先用大指甲在穴位左右切掐，使气血宣散，然后再下针，这是为了避免损伤营卫之气。
以上所述十四法中，所谓的进、退、动、摇、弹、扪、摄、循、切、按、爪，都是出自《素问》的针法；而搓、捻并非《素问》中的方法。
《金针赋》中说：第一法是烧山火，治疗顽固性的麻木冷痹。先浅刺后深刺，运用九阳之数进行三次进三次退的操作，慢提紧按，感到热感时紧闭针孔；若感寒凉则徐徐拔起针以退热。这都是通过细细搓针来实现的，是去病的准绳。第三法是阳中之阴，先寒后热，由浅入深，运用九六之法，则是先补后泻。第四法是阴中之阳，先热后寒，由深出浅，运用九六之法，则是先泻后补。补法必须等到热感出现，泻法务必等待寒感侵袭。就像搓线一样，慢慢转动针体。在浅层就用浅层的方法，在深层就用深层的方法，这两种方法不可混淆紊乱。第五法是子午捣臼，治疗水蛊和隔气。落穴之后，调匀气机，针上下行运，九次入针六次出针，左右旋转，千次自平。第六法是进气诀，治疗腰背肘膝疼痛及全身游走性疼痛。刺入九分，行九次补法，卧针并等待七次呼吸的时间，待气上行。也可以用龙虎交战法，左捻九次右捻六次，这也是止痛的针法。第七法是留气诀，治疗癖积瘕块。刺入七分，用纯阳之法，然后直插针，气至后深刺，提针再停留。第八法是抽添诀，治疗瘫痪、疮疡癞疾等，选取重要穴位，使九阳之气到来，通过提按搜索，大意在于运气周遍全身，扶针直插，再向下纳针，以回阳倒阴。指下有玄妙细微之处，心中要有灵活的方法。一旦未见效，可反复再次施治。
以上所述八法巧立名目，不符合《素问》和《难经》的原意。
Dong (Moving) method. When the Qi mechanism is not flowing smoothly, simply lift and thrust the needle slightly. Tui (Retreating) method. When preparing to withdraw the needle after performing tonification or sedation techniques, first retreat the needle by a small amount (approximately the size of a bean), then leave it in place. This is considered an operation of the Cuo (Rubbing) method. Jin (Advancing) method. In cases where Deqi (arrival of Qi) is not obtained, there are specific rules for advancing and retreating based on gender (men: external; women: internal) and the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter). Pan (Coiling) method. When needling abdominal acupoints, merely perform slight coiling and rocking within the acupoint. Yao (Rocking) method. When performing sedation and preparing to withdraw the needle, one must rock the needle body before extraction. Tan (Tapping) method. When performing tonification, lightly tap the needle handle with the fingernail to accelerate the flow of Qi. This method should not be used for sedation. Nian (Twisting) method. Twist the needle body using fingers. One must remember the left-right directions: left corresponds to external, right to internal. Xun (Following/Tracing) method. When inserting needles into meridian regions, use the hand to trace up and down along the meridians to facilitate the circulation of Qi and Blood. The *Neijing* states: "Pushing makes it flow, drawing makes it stop." Men (Closing) method. When withdrawing the needle after performing tonification, press and close the acupoint with the hand. She (Pinching/Cutting) method. If Deqi feels sluggish after insertion, use the thumbnail to pinch and cut up and down along the meridian pathway, allowing the Qi and Blood to circulate freely. An (Pressing) method. Press the needle body with the hand to prevent advancement or retreat, resembling the pressing motion of pulse diagnosis. Zhua (Clawing/Marking) method. Apply force with the finger to mark the precise location for accurate needle insertion. Qie (Incising/Cutting) method. Before needle insertion, one must first incise the acupoint area left and right with the thumbnail to disperse the Qi and Blood, then insert the needle. This prevents damage to the Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi.
Among these fourteen methods mentioned above, namely Jin (Advancing), Tui (Retreating), Dong (Moving), Yao (Rocking), Tan (Tapping), Men (Closing), She (Pinching), Xun (Tracing), Qie (Incising), An (Pressing), and Zhua (Marking), all originate from the acupuncture techniques described in the *Suwen* (Basic Questions). However, Cuo (Rubbing) and Nian (Twisting) are not methods found in the *Suwen*.
The *Jinzhen Fu* (Ode to the Golden Needle) states: The first method is Shanshanhuo (Mountain-Burning Fire), treating stubborn numbness and cold bi-syndrome. Insert shallowly first, then deeply. Utilize the number Nine (Yang) through three advances and three retreats. Lift slowly and press tightly. When heat is felt, close the needle hole firmly; if cold is felt, slowly withdraw the needle to dissipate the heat. All this is achieved by finely rubbing the needle, which serves as the standard for eliminating disease. The third method is Yangzhongzhiyin (Yin within Yang), characterized by initial cold followed by heat. Insert from shallow to deep. Use the Nine-Six method, which implies tonifying first and then sedating. The fourth method is Yinzhangzhongyang (Yang within Yin), characterized by initial heat followed by cold. Insert from deep to shallow. Use the Nine-Six method, which implies sedating first and then tonifying. For tonification, one must wait until heat arrives; for sedation, one must wait until cold invades. It is like twisting thread, turning the needle slowly. If in the shallow layer, use shallow techniques; if in the deep layer, use deep techniques. These two methods must not be confused or mixed. The fifth method is Ziwu Daojiu (Rat-Pounding Mortar at Zi and Wu hours), treating water distension and qi stagnation. After reaching the acupoint, regulate the Qi evenly. Move the needle up and down, insert nine times and extract six times, rotating left and right. After a thousand repetitions, it will naturally level out. The sixth method is the secret of Jingqi (Advancing Qi), treating pain in the waist, back, elbows, knees, and wandering pain throughout the body. Insert to a depth of nine fen. Perform nine tonifications. Lay the needle horizontally and wait for seven breaths until the Qi ascends. One may also employ the Dragon-Tiger Combat technique: twist left nine times and right six times. This is also a needle technique for stopping pain. The seventh method is the secret of Liuqi (Retaining Qi), treating pi-masses and jia-masses (abdominal masses). Insert to a depth of seven fen. Use pure Yang methods. Then insert the needle straight. When Qi arrives, deepen the insertion, then lift the needle and pause. The eighth method is the secret of Choutian (Drawing and Adding), treating paralysis, sores, and leprosy. Select key acupoints. Allow the Nine-Yang Qi to arrive. Use lifting and pressing to search for Qi. The main point is to circulate Qi throughout the body. Hold the needle straight and insert, then push further down. To restore Yang and reverse Yin, there are profound subtleties under the fingers and flexible methods in the mind. If there is no response, repeat the procedure.
Regarding these eight methods, they cleverly create names and categories, but they do not align with the intent of the *Suwen* and *Nanjing*.