（痈疽 疡 余见痔漏）
频刺风门。泄诸阳热气。背永不发痈疽。（铜）灸发背法。或不见疮头。以湿纸敷。先
干者是。以大蒜去皮生切钱子。先安一蒜钱在上。次艾灸三壮。换蒜复三灸。如此易无数。痛灸
至不痛。不痛灸至痛。方住。若第一日急灸减九分。二日灸减八分。至第七日尚可。自此以
往。灸已后时。灸讫、以石上生者龙鳞薜荔洗研取汁汤温呷。即泻出恶物去根。凡疔疮头疮
鱼脐等疮。一切无名者悉治。（集效）凡发肿至坚有根者，名曰石痈。治法当上灸之百壮。
石子当碎出。如不出。益壮乃佳。（千）论曰∶凡发背皆因服五石寒食更生散所致。亦有单
服钟乳而发者。又有生平不服而自发背者。其候率多于背两胛间起。初如粟米大。或痛或痒
。仍作赤色。人皆初不以为事。日渐长大。不过十日。遂至于死。临困之时。以阔三寸高一
寸疮有数十孔。以手按之。诸孔中皆脓出。寻时失音。所以养生者，小觉背上痒痛有异。即
火急取净土水和为泥。捻作饼子。浓二分、阔一寸半。以粗艾大作炷灸泥上。帖着疮上灸之
。一炷一易饼子。若粟米大时。可灸七饼子即瘥。如榆荚大。灸七七饼炷即瘥。如钱大、可
日夜灸。不限炷数。仍服五香连翘汤、及铁浆诸药攻之。乃愈。凡肿起背胛中。头白如黍
粟。四边相连肿赤黑。令人闷乱。即名发背。禁房室酒肉蒜面。若不灸治。即入内杀人。若
灸当疮上七八百壮。有人不识。多作杂肿治者。皆死。
郭户为予言。乡里有善治发背痈疽者。皆于疮上灸之。多至三二百壮。无有不愈。但艾
炷小
作之。炷小则人不畏灸。灸多则作效矣。盖得此法也。然亦不必泥此。近有一医以治外科得
名。有人发背疮大如碗。有数孔。医亦无药可治。只以艾遍敷在疮上。灸之久而方疼。则以
疮上皆死肉。故初不觉疼也。旋以药调治之愈。盖出于意表也。
王蘧疽发于背。张生以艾火加疮上。自旦及暮。凡一百五十壮。知痛乃已。明日镊去黑
痂。脓血尽溃。肤理皆红。亦不复痛。始别以药附之。日一易焉。易时旋剪去黑烂恶肉。月许疮
乃平。是岁秋夏间。京师士大夫病疽者七人。余独生。此虽司命事。然固有料理。不知其方
。遂至不幸者。（见王蘧发背方序。）阳辅、治腋肿疽马刀。（见腰脚痛。）犊鼻、治膝膑
痈肿。（见膝痛。）窍阴、主营（明作骨。）疽发厉。项痛引头（明同。）目痛。（铜云。治
痈疽头痛心烦。）凡疽卒着五指。筋急不得屈伸者。灸踝骨中央数十壮。或至百壮。附骨
疽。灸间使后一寸。随年壮。立瘥。天突、疗肺痈。唾脓血。气壅不通。（明）膻中、疗
肺痈。咳嗽上气。唾脓。不下食。胸中气满如塞。小海、治疡肿振寒。太冲、临泣、（
见
余尝为刘和叔序灸痈疽方云∶必以毒药攻于内。伐其根也。又以火艾灼其外。宣其毒也
。法
。京师外医以为不可治。得一徐人教以灼艾如枣大。近千壮。鲁直数患背疮。亦灼艾而愈
。灸为第一法也。（必）
（痈疽、溃疡，其余内容见痔疮与漏管章节）
频繁针刺风门穴。以泄除诸阳经的热气。背部便永远不会发生痈疽。（出自《铜人腧穴针灸图经》）
治疗发背的方法：如果看不到疮头，可以用湿纸贴在患处，先变干的地方就是疮头所在。将大蒜去皮，切成厚约一钱的薄片，先在疮头上放一片蒜片，然后艾灸三壮。换一片新的蒜片再灸三壮。如此反复更换蒜片，灸治无数次。如果疼痛就灸到不痛为止，如果不痛就灸到感到疼痛为止，这才停止。如果是发病第一天，紧急灸治可以减去九分的病势；第二天灸治可以减去八分的病势。到了第七天还可以救治。此后随着时间推移，病情加重，灸治的效果会减弱。灸治结束后，用生长在石头上的龙鳞薜荔洗净、研磨取汁，用温水送服。即可泻出恶物，去除病根。凡是疔疮、头疮、鱼脐疮等一切无名肿毒，都能治愈。（出自《集效方》）
凡是肿胀坚硬且有根基的，称为石痈。治疗方法应当在上部灸治一百壮。石子会从疮中碎裂排出。如果排不出来，增加灸治的壮数会更好。（出自《千金方》）
论述说：凡是发背，都是因为服用五石散、寒食散或更生散所导致。也有单服钟乳石而引发的。还有生平从未服药却自发背疽的。其症状大多在背部两肩胛之间发起，初起时像粟米大小，或者痛或者痒，呈现赤红色。人们起初都不以为意。日渐长大，不超过十天，就会导致死亡。临死前，会出现宽三寸、高一寸的疮口，有数十个孔洞。用手按压，各个孔洞中都有脓液流出。随即失音。所以养生之道在于，刚觉得背上瘙痒疼痛有异常时，立即火速取净土和水调成泥，捏成饼子，厚度二分、直径一寸半。用粗大的艾炷在泥饼上灸，将泥饼贴在疮上灸治。每灸完一炷香的时间就更换一个泥饼。如果疮像粟米大时，可灸七个泥饼就能痊愈。如果像榆荚大，灸四十九个泥饼就能痊愈。如果像铜钱大，可以日夜灸治，不限艾炷数量。同时服用五香连翘汤及铁浆等药物攻邪，才能痊愈。凡是肿胀隆起于背胛中间，疮头白如黍粟，四周相连红肿发黑，令人烦闷混乱的，就名叫发背。禁止房事、饮酒、吃肉、吃蒜和面食。如果不进行灸治，毒气就会内陷致死。如果灸治，应当在疮上灸七八百壮。有人不认识这种病，多当作普通杂肿治疗，结果都死了。
郭户对我说：乡里有擅长治疗发背痈疽的人，都在疮上灸治，多则三二百壮，没有不愈的。只是艾炷做得小一些。艾炷小，病人就不畏惧灸治；灸治次数多，就能见效。这大概是掌握了这种方法吧。然而也不必拘泥于此。最近有一位以治疗外科闻名的医生，有人发背疮大如碗，有几个孔洞，医生也没有药可治，只把艾绒遍敷在疮上，灸了很久才感到疼痛，这是因为疮上都是死肉，所以起初不觉疼痛。随后用药调理治疗，痊愈了。这真是出乎意料之外。
王蘧的疽发于背部，张生用艾火加在疮上，从早晨到晚上，共灸了一百五十壮，直到患者感到疼痛才停止。第二天镊去黑色痂皮，脓血全部溃排，皮肤纹理皆红，也不再疼痛。才开始另外用药敷贴，每天更换一次。更换时随即剪去黑烂的恶肉。一个月左右疮口才平复。这一年秋夏之间，京师的士大夫患疽病的有七人，唯独我幸存下来。这虽然是司命神的事，但也确实有调理护理的方法。不知道方法，以至于不幸丧命的情况是存在的。（见于《王蘧发背方序》）
阳辅穴，治疗腋下肿疽、马刀瘘。（详见腰脚痛章节）
犊鼻穴，治疗膝膑痈肿。（详见膝痛章节）
窍阴穴，主营（《明堂》作骨）疽发厉，项痛牵引头部（《明堂》同），目痛。（《铜人》云：治疗痈疽引起的头痛心烦。）
凡是疽突然附着在五指上，筋脉拘急不能屈伸的，灸踝骨中央数十壮，或者至一百壮。附骨疽，灸间使穴后一寸处，按年龄决定壮数，立即可愈。
天突穴，治疗肺痈，咳唾脓血，气机壅塞不通。（《明堂》）
膻中穴，治疗肺痈，咳嗽上气，咳唾脓液，无法进食，胸中气满如堵塞感。
小海穴，治疗疡肿伴有恶寒战栗。
太冲穴、足临泣穴，（详见……）
我曾为刘和叔撰写灸治痈疽方的序言说：必须用毒药在内攻伐，斩断病根；又用火艾在外灼烧，宣散毒邪。这是正确的法则。京师的外科医生认为不可治，得到一位徐地人的教导，用如枣大的艾炷灸治，接近千壮。黄庭坚多次患背疮，也是通过灸治而痊愈。灸法是第一种治疗方法。（出自《必效方》）
(For carbuncles and sores, see the sections on hemorrhoids and fistulas.)
Frequently needle Fengmen (BL12). To drain heat from the Yang meridians. The back will never develop carbuncles or sores. (From *Tongren Shuxue Zhenjiu Tujing*)
Method for treating Back Carbuncle: If the head of the sore is not visible, apply wet paper to the area; the spot where it dries first indicates the location of the sore head. Peel garlic, slice it into pieces approximately one qian thick. Place one slice of garlic on the sore head first, then moxibustion with three zhu. Replace the garlic slice and moxibustion again for three zhu. Repeat this process, changing slices indefinitely. If painful, moxibustion until pain ceases; if painless, moxibustion until pain arises, then stop. If treated urgently on the first day, nine-tenths of the pathogenic factor can be reduced; on the second day, eight-tenths. By the seventh day, treatment is still effective. As time passes after onset, the efficacy of moxibustion diminishes. After finishing moxibustion, wash and grind *Pilea pumila* growing on stones, extract the juice, and drink it warm with water decoction. This will expel foul matter and remove the root cause. All types of ding sores, head sores, fish-umbilicus sores, and any unnamed swellings can be cured. (From *Jixiao Fang*)
Any swelling that is hard and has a distinct root is called Stone Carbuncle (*Shi Yong*). The treatment method is to moxibustion the upper part 100 zhu. The stone should fragment and exit. If it does not exit, increasing the number of zhu is better. (From *Qianjin Fang*)
It is stated: All Back Carbuncles are caused by taking Five-Mineral Powder (*Wushi San*), Cold Food Powder (*Hanshi San*), or Gengsheng Powder. Some occur from taking only Stalactite (*Zhongru*). Others occur spontaneously in those who have never taken such medicines. The symptoms usually begin between the two scapulae on the back, initially the size of millet grains, either painful or itchy, appearing red. People often ignore it at first. It grows day by day, leading to death within ten days. Near death, a sore appears, three cun wide and one cun high, with dozens of holes. Pressing with hand causes pus to flow from all holes. Voice is lost immediately. Therefore, for health preservation, if one feels unusual itching or pain on the back, immediately take clean earth, mix with water to form mud, shape into cakes, thickness 2 fen, diameter 1.5 cun. Use coarse moxa cones to moxibustion on the mud cake, placing it directly on the sore. Replace one cake per cone. If the sore is millet-sized, seven cakes suffice for cure. If elm-seed sized, forty-nine cakes suffice. If coin-sized, moxibustion day and night without limit on the number of cones. Simultaneously administer *Wuxiang Lianqiao Tang* and Iron Slurry (*Tiejiang*) to attack the pathogen. Only then will recovery occur. Any swelling rising in the middle of the back/scapula, with a white head like millet grains, surrounded by connected red-black swelling, causing mental confusion, is named Back Carbuncle (*Fabei*). Abstinence from sexual intercourse, alcohol, meat, garlic, and wheat products is required. If not treated with moxibustion, the toxin enters internally and kills. If treated with moxibustion, 700-800 zhu should be applied on the sore. Those who do not recognize this disease often treat it as ordinary miscellaneous swellings, resulting in death.
Household Guo told me: In my hometown, there are experts in treating Back Carbuncles and sores who moxibustion directly on the sore, up to 300-200 zhu, without fail of cure. They simply make the moxa cones small. Small cones reduce patient fear of pain; numerous applications yield results. This is likely due to mastering this method. However, one need not rigidly adhere to this. Recently, a physician famous for external medicine treated a patient with a Back Carbuncle the size of a bowl with several holes. The physician had no medicine to treat it, so he spread moxa wool over the entire sore and moxibustioned for a long time until pain was felt. This was because the tissue on the sore was necrotic, hence no initial pain sensation. Subsequent medicinal treatment led to recovery. This was truly unexpected.
Wang Qu's carbuncle developed on his back. Zhang Sheng applied moxibustion to the sore from morning till evening, totaling 150 zhu, stopping only when Wang Qu felt pain. The next day, black scabs were removed with tweezers, pus and blood completely drained, skin texture turned red, and pain ceased. Medicinal dressing was then applied separately, changed once daily. During changes, black rotting foul flesh was trimmed away. The wound flattened after about a month. That autumn and summer, seven scholar-officials in the capital died of carbuncles; I alone survived. Although this may be attributed to destiny, proper care indeed plays a role. Those who lack knowledge of methods suffer misfortune. (See *Preface to Wang Qu's Back Carbuncle Formula*.)
Yangfu (GB38): Treats axillary swelling/carbuncle and Scrofula (*Madao*). (See section on Waist and Leg Pain.)
Dubi (ST34): Treats knee cap carbuncle/swelling. (See section on Knee Pain.)
Yinqiao (GB11): Primarily manages (Mingtang text says Bone) Carbuncle Fa Li, neck pain radiating to head (Mingtang same), eye pain. (Tongren says: Treats headache and irritability caused by carbuncles/sores.)
When Carbuncle suddenly affects the five fingers, causing tendon spasm and inability to flex or extend, moxibustion dozens of zhu or up to 100 zhu at the center of the ankle bone. For Deep-rooted Carbuncle (*Fugu Ju*), moxibustion one cun posterior to Jianshi (PC5), according to age in zhu, immediate cure.
Tiantu (CV22): Treats Lung Abscess (*Fei Yong*), coughing up pus and blood, Qi obstruction. (Mingtang)
Danzhong (CV17): Treats Lung Abscess, cough with upward rushing Qi, expectoration of pus, inability to eat, chest fullness feeling like blockage.
Xiaohai (SI8): Treats ulcer swelling with chills/shivering.
Taichong (LR3), Zulinqi (GB41), (See...)
I once wrote a preface for Liu Heshu's formula for moxibustion on carbuncles and sores, stating: One must use toxic drugs internally to attack and cut off the root, and use fire/moxa externally to burn and disperse the toxin. This is the correct method. External physicians in the capital deemed it untreatable. A person from Xu taught burning moxa cones the size of dates, nearly 1000 zhu. Huang Tingjian suffered recurrent back sores and also recovered through moxibustion. Moxibustion is the primary method. (From *Bixiao Fang*)