夫医者以愈疾为良，其愈疾之理，莫妙乎针。故知针者，有决病之功，立效之能。且夫
之士，宜审而刺之，莫纵臣瞻，妄为施设，非徒无益，而又害之。要在定孔穴以精于心，
以取神功而应于手，信知除 见于目下，决病在于手中。是以轩岐开端，越人知要，素问隐
其奥，难经彰其妙，况为针者，岂曰小补之哉。
人受阴阳以生，一岁之日有三百六十五日，肢节亦分三百六十有五穴，象周天之度也。
古神圣成天之功，立民之命，爰作针法。针某穴，疗某病，手得之，心应之，非天下之至神
，孰能与于此。卢扁尚矣，此法罕传。余先人心友窦先生，以针法活人甚多。尝着八穴真经
，演之为论为赋，钩深索隐，披泄言蕴，后学之士，得此一卷书而熟读之者，思过半矣。余
于壬辰冬，被旨来南，遍历闽中诸郡，求其所谓针法者，皆不获。旧箧中得先生之遗书，敬
用锓梓，以广其传。先生名杰字汉卿，古 肥乡人，官至太师，以医学传于世云。
\x时元贞元
拯救之法，妙用者针。察岁时于天道，定形气于予心。春夏瘦而刺浅，秋冬肥而刺深。
不穷经络阴阳，多逢刺禁；既论脏腑虚实，须向经寻。原夫起自中焦，水初下漏，太阴为始，至
厥阴而方终；穴出云门，抵期门而最后。正经十二，别络走三百余支；正侧偃伏，气血有六
百余候。手足三阳，手走头而头走足；手足三阴，足走腹而胸走手。要知迎随，须明逆顺；
况
阳之分；气盛血多者，阳明之位。先详多少之宜，次察应至之气。轻滑慢而未来，沉涩紧而
已至。既至也，量寒热而留疾；未至者，据虚实而 气。气之至也，若鱼吞钩铒之浮沉；气
未至也，似闭处幽堂之深邃。气速至而效速，气迟至而不治
。观夫九针之法，毫针最微，七星可应，众穴主持。本形金也，有蠲邪扶正之道；短长水也
，有决疑开滞之机。定刺象木，或斜或正；口藏比火，进阳补羸。循机扪而可塞以象土，实
应五行而可知。然是一寸六分，包含妙理；虽细拟于毫发，同贯多歧。可平五脏之寒热，能
调六腑之虚实。拘挛闭塞，遣八邪而去矣；寒热痛痹，开四关而已之。凡刺者，使本神朝而
后入；既刺也，使本神定而气随。神不朝而勿刺，神已定而可施。定脚处，取气血为主意；
下手处，认水木是根基。天地人三才也，涌泉同璇玑百会；上中下三部也，大包与天枢地机
。阳跷阳维并督脉，主肩背腰腿在表之病；阴跷阴维任带冲，去心腹胁肋在里之疑。二陵二
跷二交，似续而交五大；两间两商两井，相根据而列两支。足见取穴之法，必有分寸；先审自
意，以觐肉分。或伸屈而得之，或平直而安定。在阳部筋骨之侧，陷下为真；在阴分 之
间，动脉相应。取五穴用一穴而必端；取三经使一经而可正。头部与肩部详分，督脉与任脉
异定。明标与本，论刺深刺浅之经；住痛移疼，取相交相贯之径。岂不闻脏腑病，而求门海
俞募之微；经络滞，而求原别交会之道。更穷四根三结，根据标本而刺无不痊；但用八法五门
，分主客而针无不效。八脉始终连八会，本是纪纲；十二经络十二原，是为枢要。一日刺六
十六穴之法，方见幽微；一时取十二经之原，始知要妙。原夫补泻之法，非呼吸而在手指；
速效之功，要交正而识本经。交经缪刺，左有病而右畔取；泻络远针，头有病而脚上针。巨
刺与缪刺各异，微针与妙刺相通。观部分而知经络之虚实，视沉浮而辨脏腑之寒温。且夫先
令针耀而虑针损；次藏口内而欲针温。目无外视，手如握虎；心无内慕，如待贵人。左手重
而多按，欲令气散；右手轻而徐入，不痛之因。空心恐怯，直立侧而多晕；背目沉掐，坐卧
平而没昏。推于十干十变，知孔穴之开合；论其五行五脏，察日时之旺衰。伏如横弩，应若
发机。阴交阳别，而定血晕；阴跷阴维，而下胎衣。痹厥偏枯，迎随俾经络接续；漏崩带下
，温补使气血根据归。静以久留。停针候之。必准者，取照海治喉中之闭塞；端的处，用大针
治心内之呆痴。大抵疼痛实泻，痒麻虚补。体重节痛而俞居，心下痞满而井主。心胀咽痛，
针太冲而必除；脾痛胃疼，泻公孙而立愈。胸满腹痛刺内关，胁疼肋痛针飞虎。筋挛骨痛而
补魂门；体热劳嗽而泻魄户。头风头痛，刺申脉与金门；眼痒眼痛，泻光明与地五。泻阴
止盗汗，治小儿骨蒸；刺偏历利小便，医大人水蛊。中风环跳而宜刺，虚损天枢而可取。由
是午前卯后，太阴生而疾温；离左酉南，月死朔而速冷。循扪弹怒，留吸母而坚长；爪下伸
提，疾呼子而嘘短。动退空歇，迎夺右而泻凉；推内进搓，随济左而补暖。慎之大患危疾，
色脉不顺而莫针；寒热风阴，饥饱醉劳而切忌。望不补而晦不泻，弦不夺而朔不济。精其心
而穷其法，无灸艾而坏其皮；正其理而求其原，免投针而失其位。避灸处而加四肢，四十有
九；禁刺处而除六俞，二十有二。抑又闻高皇抱疾未瘥，李氏刺巨阙而得苏；太子暴死为厥
，越人针维会而复醒。肩井曲池，甄权刺臂痛而复射；悬钟环跳，华佗刺 足而立行。秋
夫针腰俞，而鬼免沉 ；王纂针交俞而妖精立出。刺肝俞与命门，使瞽士视秋毫之末；取少
阳与交别，俾聋夫听夏蚋之声。嗟夫！去圣逾远，此道渐坠。或不得意而散其学，或愆其能而犯
禁
乎童蒙之心启。
医者以治愈疾病为良能，治愈疾病的原理中，没有比针灸更精妙的了。所以懂得针刺的人，有决断病情的功效，有立即见效的能力。况且对于士人（指有一定文化修养或地位的人），应当审慎地施针，不要放纵臣下盲目瞻望，胡乱进行治疗，这不仅无益，反而有害。关键在于确定穴位以精心构思，通过取穴获得神奇功效并体现在手上，确实知道去除病痛见于眼前，决断病情在于手中。因此轩辕黄帝和岐伯开创了先河，扁鹊掌握了要领，《素问》隐含着深奥的道理，《难经》彰显了其中的妙处，何况是从事针刺的人，难道只是小小的补益吗？
人禀受阴阳之气而生，一年有三百六十五日，人体肢节也分为三百六十五个穴位，象征周天度数。古代圣人成就天的功业，确立百姓的生命，于是创立了针法。针刺某个穴位，治疗某种疾病，手掌握住它，心感应它，如果不是天下最神妙的人，谁能做到这样呢？卢医和扁鹊的时代已经久远，这种方法很少流传。我的先祖与窦先生结为心友，窦先生用针法救活的人很多。曾经撰写《八穴真经》，将其演绎为论述和歌赋，探究深奥隐秘之处，披露言语蕴意，后学的读书人，得到这一卷书而熟读它，就能领悟大半了。我在壬辰年冬天，奉旨来到南方，遍访闽中各郡，寻求所谓的针法，都没有找到。在旧箱箧中得到先生的遗书，恭敬地刻印梓行，以广泛传播它。先生名杰字汉卿，古广平肥乡人，官至太师，以医学传承于世。
拯救生命的方法，精妙之处在于针。观察天道中的岁时变化，在心中确定患者的形体气质。春夏季节患者消瘦则针刺宜浅，秋冬季节患者肥胖则针刺宜深。如果不穷究经络阴阳，就容易触犯针刺禁忌；既然讨论了脏腑虚实，就必须向经脉寻找依据。原来气血起自中焦，如水初下漏，从太阴肺经开始，到厥阴肝经才结束；穴位出自云门，抵按期门为止。正经十二条，别络走向三百多条分支；正侧偃伏体位，气血有六百多个候应部位。手足三阳经，手经走头而头经走足；手足三阴经，足经走腹而胸经走手。要知道迎随补泻，必须明白逆顺关系；况且阳明经多气多血之分；气盛血多者，属于阳明经的位置。先详细斟酌适宜的深浅，其次观察应至的脉气。轻滑慢而脉气未来，沉涩紧而脉气已至。脉气既至，衡量寒热来决定留针时间；脉气未至，根据虚实来引导经气。经气到达时，像鱼吞钩饵一样浮沉不定；经气未到时，像处在幽深殿堂一样深邃难测。经气迅速到达则疗效迅速，经气迟缓到达则难以治愈。
观察九针的法度，毫针最为细微，七星可对应，众穴主持治疗。本形属金，有祛除邪气扶助正气的道理；短长属水，有决断疑惑开通滞塞的机制。定刺象木，或斜或正；口藏比火，进阳补虚羸弱。循机扪按可堵塞以象土，实应五行而可知。然而这是一寸六分的针，包含妙理；虽然细小如毫毛头发，却贯通多种歧路。可以平复五脏的寒热，能够调理六腑的虚实。拘挛闭塞，派遣八邪而去掉它；寒热痛痹，打开四关而治愈它。凡是针刺，要使元神朝聚而后入针；既已针刺，要使元神安定而气随针行。元神不朝聚就不要针刺，元神已安定就可以施治。定脚之处，以选取气血为主意；下手之处，认清水木是根基。天地人三才，涌泉同璇玑、百会相应；上中下三部，大包与天枢、地机相配。阳跷、阳维并督脉，主管肩背腰腿在表之病；阴跷、阴维、任脉、带脉、冲脉，去除心腹胁肋在里之疑。二陵、二跷、二交，似续而交五大；两间、两商、两井，相根据而列两支。可见取穴的方法，必有分寸；先审视自己的心意，以观察肌肉纹理。或伸屈而得之，或平直而安定。在阳部筋骨之侧，陷下处为真；在阴分之间，动脉相应。取五穴用一穴而必端正；取三经使一经而可正直。头部与肩部详细区分，督脉与任脉异定。明辨标与本，论述刺深刺浅的经脉；消除疼痛转移痛楚，选取相交相贯的路径。岂不听说脏腑病，而求门海俞募的微妙；经络阻滞，而求原别交会之道。更要穷尽四根三结，根据标本而刺无不痊愈；只要运用八法五门，分主客而针无不效。八脉始终连八会，本是纪纲；十二经络十二原，是为枢要。一日刺六十六穴的方法，方见幽微；一时取十二经的原穴，始知要妙。
原来补泻的方法，不在呼吸而在手指；速效之功，要交正而识本经。交经缪刺，左边有病而右边取穴；泻络远针，头有病而脚上针刺。巨刺与缪刺各异，微针与妙刺相通。观部分而知经络之虚实，视沉浮而辨脏腑之寒温。况且先令针耀而虑针损；次藏口内而欲针温。目无外视，手如握虎；心无内慕，如待贵人。左手重而多按，欲令气散；右手轻而徐入，不痛之因。空心恐怯，直立侧而多晕；背目沉掐，坐卧平而没昏。推于十干十变，知孔穴之开合；论其五行五脏，察日时之旺衰。伏如横弩，应若发机。阴交阳别，而定血晕；阴跷阴维，而下胎衣。痹厥偏枯，迎随俾经络接续；漏崩带下，温补使气血根据归。静以久留。停针候之。必准者，取照海治喉中之闭塞；端的处，用大针治心内之呆痴。大抵疼痛实泻，痒麻虚补。体重节痛而俞居，心下痞满而井主。心胀咽痛，针太冲而必除；脾痛胃疼，泻公孙而立愈。胸满腹痛刺内关，胁疼肋痛针飞虎。筋挛骨痛而补魂门；体热劳嗽而泻魄户。头风头痛，刺申脉与金门；眼痒眼痛，泻光明与地五。泻阴止盗汗，治小儿骨蒸；刺偏历利小便，医大人水蛊。中风环跳而宜刺，虚损天枢而可取。由是午前卯后，太阴生而疾温；离左酉南，月死朔而速冷。循扪弹怒，留吸母而坚长；爪下伸提，疾呼子而嘘短。动退空歇，迎夺右而泻凉；推内进搓，随济左而补暖。慎之大患危疾，色脉不顺而莫针；寒热风阴，饥饱醉劳而切忌。望不补而晦不泻，弦不夺而朔不济。精其心而穷其法，无灸艾而坏其皮；正其理而求其原，免投针而失其位。避灸处而加四肢，四十有九；禁刺处而除六俞，二十有二。抑又闻高皇抱疾未瘥，李氏刺巨阙而得苏；太子暴死为厥，越人针维会而复醒。肩井曲池，甄权刺臂痛而复射；悬钟环跳，华佗刺 足而立行。秋夫针腰俞，而鬼免沉 ；王纂针交俞而妖精立出。刺肝俞与命门，使瞽士视秋毫之末；取少阳与交别，俾聋夫听夏蚋之声。嗟夫！去圣逾远，此道渐坠。或不得意而散其学，或愆其能而犯禁乎童蒙之心启。
The physician's excellence lies in curing diseases, and among the principles of curing diseases, none is more exquisite than acupuncture. Therefore, those who understand acupuncture possess the ability to diagnose diseases accurately and achieve immediate effects. For scholars, one should carefully select acupoints for needling, avoiding blind imitation or arbitrary manipulation, which would not only be ineffective but also harmful. The key lies in precisely determining acupoints through careful mental deliberation, achieving miraculous results through hand technique, truly realizing that removing visible ailments depends on the eyes, while diagnosing diseases relies on the hands. Thus, Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor) and Qibo initiated the practice, Bian Que grasped its essentials, *Suwen* (Plain Questions) contains profound mysteries, and *Nanjing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) reveals its wonders. How can acupuncture be considered merely a minor supplement?
Humans are born from Yin and Yang; just as a year has 365 days, the body has 365 acupoints corresponding to the degrees of the celestial sphere. Ancient sages accomplished the work of Heaven and established human life, thereby creating acupuncture methods. Needling specific points treats specific diseases; the hand grasps them, and the mind responds. Only the most divine person in the world could achieve this. The times of Lu (Bian Que) and Qiao were long past, and this method was rarely transmitted. My ancestor was close friends with Mr. Dou, who saved many lives using acupuncture. He once wrote *The True Classic of Eight Points*, expanding it into treatises and odes, exploring deep secrets and revealing hidden meanings. Scholars who obtain and study this volume will grasp more than half of its essence. In the winter of Renchen year, I came south under imperial decree, visiting various commanderies in Fujian, seeking such acupuncture methods, but failed to find them. In an old chest, I found Mr. Dou's manuscript, which I respectfully had printed to spread widely. Mr. Dou's name was Jie, courtesy name Hanqing, from Feixiang, Guangping, ancient times. He reached the rank of Grand Preceptor and passed down his medical knowledge to the world.
The method of saving lives lies in the subtle application of needles. Observe the seasons according to the Heavenly Dao, and determine the patient's constitution in your heart. In spring and summer, when patients are thin, needle shallowly; in autumn and winter, when patients are fat, needle deeply. If one does not thoroughly understand the Yin and Yang of meridians, one often violates needling taboos; having discussed the deficiency and excess of Zang-Fu organs, one must seek guidance from the meridians. Originally, Qi and Blood originate from the Middle Jiao, flowing like water leaking from a vessel, starting from Taiyin (Lung Meridian) and ending at Jueyin (Liver Meridian). Acupoints emerge from Yunmen (LU-1) and reach Qimen (LR-14) last. There are twelve regular meridians and over three hundred collateral vessels; depending on upright, side, or prone positions, there are over six hundred Qi-Blood observation points. Hand-Yang meridians go from hand to head and head to foot; Hand-Yin meridians go from foot to abdomen and chest to hand. To understand Ying-Sui (following and opposing), one must know reverse and forward directions. Moreover, Yangming Meridian is characterized by abundant Qi and Blood. First, carefully consider appropriate depth; second, observe the arriving pulse. Light, slippery, slow indicates Qi has not arrived; heavy, choppy, tight indicates Qi has arrived. Once Qi arrives, retain the needle based on cold or heat conditions; if Qi has not arrived, guide it based on deficiency or excess. When Qi arrives, it feels like a fish swallowing bait, floating and sinking; when Qi has not arrived, it feels like being in a deep, dark hall. Rapid arrival of Qi leads to rapid effect; delayed arrival makes treatment difficult.
Observing the Nine Needles, the Filiform Needle (Hao Zhen) is the finest, corresponding to the Seven Stars, governing all acupoints. Its form is Metal, possessing the way to dispel evil and support righteousness; its length is Water, possessing the mechanism to resolve doubts and unblock stagnation. Insertion resembles Wood, either oblique or straight; mouth storage resembles Fire, advancing Yang and tonifying weakness. Rubbing and covering resemble Earth, solidifying and blocking; fulfilling the Five Elements allows understanding. Although only one cun and six fen long, it contains profound principles; though fine as hair, it connects diverse paths. It can balance cold and heat of the Five Zang organs and regulate deficiency and excess of the Six Fu organs. Spasms and blockages are removed by dispersing the Eight Evils; cold, heat, pain, and bi syndromes are cured by opening the Four Gates. Generally, before needling, ensure the Spirit (Shen) gathers; after needling, ensure the Spirit settles and Qi follows. Do not needle if the Spirit is not gathered; proceed if the Spirit is settled. At the point of insertion, prioritize Qi and Blood; at the moment of handling, recognize Water and Wood as foundations. Heaven, Earth, and Man correspond to Yongquan (KI-1), Xuanji, and Baihui (DU-20); Upper, Middle, and Lower sections correspond to Dabao (SP-21), Tianshu (ST-25), and Diji (SP-8). Yang Qiao, Yang Wei, and Du Mai govern superficial diseases of shoulders, back, waist, and legs; Yin Qiao, Yin Wei, Ren Mai, Dai Mai, and Chong Mai resolve internal doubts of heart, abdomen, flanks, and ribs. Er Ling, Er Qiao, Er Jiao interact with the Five Greats; Liang Jian, Liang Shang, Liang Jing align in pairs. Thus, selecting acupoints requires precise measurements; first examine one's own intent, then observe muscle layers. Obtain points through flexion/extension or stability. On the Yang side near bones/tendons, depressions are true points; on the Yin side, arterial pulses correspond. Select five points using one as a standard; select three meridians making one correct. Head and shoulder points are detailed separately; Du and Ren meridians are distinct. Clarify Biao and Ben to discuss deep/shallow needling; relieve pain by selecting intersecting pathways. Does one not hear that for Zang-Fu diseases, seek the subtlety of Mu-Alar-Shu-Mound points; for meridian stagnation, seek Yuan-Collateral intersection points? Further explore Si Gen San Jie, needling according to Biao/Ben ensures cure; use Ba Fa Wu Men, distinguishing master/guest ensures efficacy. Eight Extraordinary Vessels connect to Eight Hui points, forming the outline; Twelve Regular Meridians have Twelve Yuan Source points, serving as pivots. One-day needling of 66 points reveals profundity; one-hour selection of Twelve Meridian Yuan points reveals essentials.
Tonification and reduction methods lie not in respiration but in finger technique; rapid effects require understanding intersecting meridians and primary channels. Intersecting and counter needling: disease on the left is treated on the right; draining collaterals via distant needling: head disease is treated on the feet. Ju Ci and Miao Ci differ, but fine needles and subtle techniques connect. Observing regions knows meridian deficiency/excess; viewing floating/sinking differentiates Zang-Fu cold/warmth. First, ensure needles are bright and undamaged; keep them warm in the mouth. Eyes do not look outward, hands hold like tigers; heart has no inner distraction, treating guests with respect. Left hand presses heavily to disperse Qi; right hand enters lightly and slowly to avoid pain. Empty stomach causes fear/dizziness when standing/sitting sideways; lying flat with eyes closed prevents fainting. Deduce Ten Stems/Ten Changes to know acupoint opening/closing; discuss Five Elements/Five Zang to observe time旺衰. Lie like a drawn crossbow, respond like releasing a trigger. Yin Jiao Yang Bie resolves blood dizziness; Yin Qiao Yin Wei expels placenta. Bi, jue, hemiplegia use Ying-Sui to connect meridians; leukorrhea and metrorrhagia use warming/tonifying to restore Qi/Blood. Retain needles quietly to wait for Qi. Accurately, use Zhaohai (KI-6) for throat obstruction; definitively, use large needles for mental dullness. Generally, pain implies excess (reduce); itching/numbness implies deficiency (tonify). Heavy body/joint pain uses Shu points; epigastric fullness uses Jing-Well points. Heart distension/throat pain: needle Taichong (LR-3) to remove; spleen/stomach pain: drain Gongsun (SP-4) to heal. Chest/abdominal fullness: needle Neiguan (PC-6); flank/rib pain: needle Feihu (GB-37). Tendon spasms/bone pain: tonify Hunmen (BL-47); body heat/labored cough: discharge Pohu (BL-42). Head wind/headache: needle Shenmai (BL-62) and Jinmen (BL-63); itchy/painful eyes: discharge Guangming (GB-37) and Diwu (GB-5). Discharge Yin stops night sweats, treating childhood bone-steaming fever; needle Pianli (LI-6) promotes urination, treating adult ascites. Stroke: Huantiao (GB-30) is suitable; deficiency: Tianshu (ST-25) is selectable. Before noon (Mao hour), Taiyang generates warmth quickly; after sunset (You hour), moon dies, cool quickly. Rub, pat, pluck, retain inhalation (Mother) for firmness/length; claw extension/lifting, rapid exhalation (Child) for shortness. Move/retract/empty/rest, oppose/grab right for cooling reduction; push/insert/rub/follow, assist left for warming tonification. Beware of critical illnesses where color/pulse are discordant, do not needle; beware of cold, heat, wind, yin, hunger, fullness, drunkenness, fatigue. Do not tonify during waxing moon, do not reduce during waning moon; do not drain during crescent, do not assist during new moon. Refine the mind to exhaust methods, do not let moxibustion burn skin; correct principles to seek origins, avoid inserting needles in wrong positions. Avoid moxa sites plus four limbs, total 49; forbidden needling sites minus six Shu points, total 22. Also heard: Emperor Gaozhu was ill, Li Shi needled Juque (CV-14) and recovered; Crown Prince died suddenly from Jue syndrome, Yue Ren (Bian Que) needled Weizhong (BL-40) and revived. Jianjing (GB-21) and Quchi (LI-11): Zhen Quan needled arm pain and resumed archery; Xuanzhong (GB-39) and Huantiao (GB-30): Hua Tuo needled feet and walked immediately. Qiufu needled Yaoshu (DU-2) and ghosts were spared; Wang Zuan needled Jiaoshu and spirits vanished. Needling Ganshu (BL-18) and Mingmen (DU-4) enabled blind men to see autumn hair tips; taking Shaoyang and Jiaobie enabled deaf men to hear summer mosquitoes. Alas! As time passes from the Sages, this path declines. Some lose interest and abandon study; some exceed ability and violate taboos, disturbing the minds of novices.