治少阴咽中痛者主之。
半夏（洗。） 桂枝 甘草
上三味。等分。各别捣。筛巳。合治之。白饮和服方寸匕。日三服。不能散服者。以水
一升
歌曰 半夏桂甘等分施。散须寸匕饮调宜。若煎少与当微冷。咽痛求枢（少阴主枢。其
气逆
蔚按。少阴主枢。热气不能从枢而出。逆于经脉而咽痛。为甘草汤证。寒气不能从枢而
出。
即桂枝汤啜粥之义。从中以达外。俾内外之经脉通而少阴之枢机出入矣。如咽痛不能服散。
以汤少少咽之。取其轻捷。即汤亦同于散也。
治少阴病下利者。此方主之。
葱白（四茎） 干姜（一两） 附子（一枚 生用。）
上三味。以水三升。煮取一升。去滓。分温再服。
治少阴病下利脉微者。与白通汤。利不止。厥逆无脉。干呕而烦者。此方
脉暴出者死。脉微续者生。
白通汤中加猪胆汁（一合） 人尿（五合）
上如法汤成。内猪胆汁、人尿。和令相得。分温再服。若无胆汁。亦可用。
歌曰 葱白四茎一两姜。全枚生附白通汤。脉微下利肢兼厥。干呕心烦胆尿襄。（人尿
五合。猪胆汁一合。）
男元犀按。白通汤主少阴水火不交。中虚不运者也。用生附启水脏之阳以上承于心。葱
白引
蔚按。白通加猪胆汁汤。张令韶之注甚妙。令韶谓脉始于足少阴肾。主于手少阴心。生
于足
若利不止厥逆无脉干呕烦者。心无所主胃无所生肾无所始也。白通汤三面俱到。加胆汁、人
尿调和后入。生气俱在。为效倍速。苦咸合为一家。入咽之顷。苦先入心即随咸味而直交于
肾。肾得心君之助则生阳之气升。又有附子在下以启之。干姜从中以接之。葱白自上以通之。
利止厥回。不烦不呕。脉可微续。危证必仗此大方也。若服此汤后脉不微续而暴出。灯光之
回焰。吾亦无如之何矣。
治疗少阴病咽喉疼痛的，用此方主治。
半夏（洗净。） 桂枝 甘草
以上三味药。分量相等。分别捣碎。过筛后。混合均匀。用米汤调和，每次服用一方寸匕。每日服用三次。如果不能散服，用水一升煎煮。
歌诀曰：半夏、桂枝、甘草等分施用。散剂需用米汤调服，每次一方寸匕。若改为煎汤，需少量频服，且药液应微冷。治疗咽痛要把握枢机（少阴经主司枢机功能，其气机逆乱）。
按语：少阴经主司枢机，热气不能从枢机外出，逆阻于经脉导致咽喉疼痛，这是甘草汤证；寒气不能从枢机外出，（治法）即如同桂枝汤喝热粥助汗的道理一样，从中焦通达外周，使内外经脉通畅，少阴的枢机出入功能恢复正常。如果咽喉疼痛无法服用散剂，就用汤剂少量多次吞咽，取其药力轻捷之意，此时汤剂的用法也同于散剂。
治疗少阴病出现下利的，用此方主治。
葱白（四茎） 干姜（一两） 附子（一枚，生用。）
以上三味药。用水三升。煮取一升。去掉药渣。分两次温服。
治疗少阴病出现下利且脉象微弱的，给予白通汤。如果下利不止，四肢厥冷，无脉象，干呕且心烦的，用此方（白通加猪胆汁汤）。
在白通汤中加入猪胆汁（一合） 人尿（五合）
以上按照常规方法煎好汤药后，加入猪胆汁和人尿，搅拌均匀。分两次温服。如果没有胆汁，也可以不用。
歌诀曰：葱白四茎，干姜一两，全枚生附子组成白通汤。脉微下利兼有四肢厥冷，干呕心烦，加入胆汁和人尿辅助。（人尿五合，猪胆汁一合。）
男元犀按语：白通汤主治少阴水火不交，中焦虚弱不能运化的情况。使用生附子激发肾水之阳气上承于心，葱白引导……
按语：白通加猪胆汁汤，张令韶的注解非常精妙。张令韶认为脉象起始于足少阴肾，主宰于手少阴心，生于足……
如果下利不止、四肢厥冷、无脉、干呕心烦，说明心无所主、胃无所生、肾无所始。白通汤在三个方面都照顾到了，再加入胆汁和人尿调和，生机俱在，疗效加倍迅速。苦味和咸味合为一体，入口时苦味先入心，随即随着咸味直接交合于肾。肾得到心君的辅助，则生阳之气上升。又有附子在下方以激发它，干姜在中方以接续它，葱白在上方以通导它。下利停止，四肢回暖，不再心烦呕吐，脉象可微微续接。危重证候必须依靠这样的大方。如果服用此汤后，脉象不是微微续接而是突然暴出，就像灯光回光返照一样，我也无能为力了。
For treating throat pain in Shaoyin disease, this formula is the primary treatment.
Banxia (washed.) Guizhi Gancao
The above three ingredients. Equal parts. Crushed separately. Sieved. Mixed together. Mixed with rice water and taken as one cubic inch per dose. Taken three times a day. For those who cannot take it as a powder, boil with one sheng of water.
Song says: Banxia, Guizhi, and Gancao are used in equal parts. The powder should be taken with rice water, one cubic inch at a time. If decocted, take small amounts frequently when slightly cool. To treat throat pain, seek the pivot (Shaoyin governs the pivot function; its qi rebels).
Commentary: Shaoyin governs the pivot. If heat qi cannot exit through the pivot and rebels into the meridians causing throat pain, it is the indication for Gancao Tang. If cold qi cannot exit through the pivot, (the treatment principle) is similar to the meaning of drinking hot porridge after taking Guizhi Tang, reaching the exterior from the center, thereby unblocking the internal and external meridians and allowing the pivot mechanism of Shaoyin to enter and exit freely. If throat pain prevents taking the powder, take the decoction in small sips, taking advantage of its light and agile action; thus, the decoction acts similarly to the powder.
For treating diarrhea in Shaoyin disease, this formula is the primary treatment.
Congbai (four stalks) Ganjiang (one liang) Fuzi (one piece, raw use.)
The above three ingredients. With three sheng of water. Boil to obtain one sheng. Remove the dregs. Divide into two warm doses.
For treating Shaoyin disease with diarrhea and a faint pulse, give Baitong Tang. If diarrhea does not stop, with cold limbs, no pulse, dry retching, and irritability, use this formula (Baitong Jia Zhuyedan Tang).
Add Zhu Danzhi (one he) Ren Niao (five he) to Baitong Tang.
Prepare the decoction according to standard method. After completion, add Zhu Danzhi and Ren Niao, mix well. Divide into two warm doses. If Zhu Danzhi is unavailable, it may be omitted.
Song says: Four stalks of Congbai, one liang of Ganjiang, and a whole piece of raw Fuzi constitute Baitong Tang. Faint pulse, diarrhea, and cold limbs accompany the condition. Dry retching and heart irritability are assisted by Danzhi and Ren Niao. (Ren Niao five he, Zhu Danzhi one he.)
Nan Yuanxi's commentary: Baitong Tang primarily treats the non-interaction of water and fire in Shaoyin, and the failure of the middle jiao to transport due to deficiency. Raw Fuzi is used to stimulate the yang qi of the Kidney Water organ to ascend and support the Heart, while Congbai guides...
Commentary: Regarding Baitong Jia Zhuyedan Tang, Zhanglingshao's annotation is very profound. Zhanglingshao stated that the pulse originates from the Foot Shaoyin Kidney and is governed by the Hand Shaoyin Heart, generated from the Foot...
If diarrhea does not stop, limbs are cold, there is no pulse, accompanied by dry retching and irritability, it means the Heart has nothing to govern, the Stomach has nothing to generate, and the Kidney has nothing to originate. Baitong Tang addresses all three aspects. Adding Danzhi and Ren Niao for harmonization preserves vital energy, resulting in doubled speed of efficacy. Bitter and salty flavors unite as one family. Upon entering the throat, bitter flavor first enters the Heart, then directly interacts with the Kidney following the salty flavor. Assisted by the Heart Sovereign, the Kidney's generating yang qi ascends. Furthermore, Fuzi below stimulates it, Ganjiang in the middle connects it, and Congbai above unblocks it. Diarrhea stops, limbs return to warmth, irritability and retching cease, and the pulse can slowly reconnect. Critical conditions must rely on such a major formula. If after taking this decoction the pulse does not slowly reconnect but suddenly bursts forth, it is like the flicker of a dying lamp; I have no way to help.