成氏责其为虚寒,欲汗之,其人必虚蒸而振,下后复汗而振者,表里俱虚也,亡血发汗
则寒栗而振,气血俱虚也。有振振欲擗地者,有振振动摇,二者皆汗多亡阳,经虚不能自主持,故振也,非振栗之可比
也。
经曰∶若吐下后,心下逆满,气上冲胸,起则头眩,发汗则动经,身为振摇者,茯苓桂
枝白术甘草汤主之。
太阳病发汗不解,其人仍发热,心下悸,头眩,身 动,振振欲擗地者,真武汤主之。
二药皆温经益血助气之剂。
海藏云∶惟好饮房室之人,真元耗散,血气俱虚,或因劳而振,或不因劳而振,或因内
感阴盛阳脱而振者,皆阴证也。
若因房室而得,便有阴阳易条中形状,头重不欲举,目暗生花,热上冲胸,少气,声不
出,少腹小腹痛引阴中,或阴入于里,胫寒而痛。此等阴证,四肢故多振摇。始得此病时,脉虽
举按有力,不可作阳证治之,若与阴药,变寒必矣!亦不可用太热之药,作阴极治之,热过
则转生他证。当以补气温血之药调之,元气渐生,可得而愈。若脉已微,面色眉间变黑,唇
吻不收,爪甲微青,当用热药攻之。若经汗下,热药不可热服,当令似温,则阴气不拒。经
云热因寒用,此之谓也。
上此一论,自为颇有理,可以发明古人所不言处。
成无己认为这是虚寒证,想要用发汗法治疗,但患者必然会出现因正气虚弱而蒸蒸发热并伴有震颤;如果在攻下之后又发汗导致震颤的,是因为表里两经的气血都虚了;如果是失血之后又发汗导致寒战震颤的,也是气血俱虚的表现。有的患者出现身体剧烈震颤想要倒地的症状,有的患者出现身体振动摇晃的症状,这两种情况都是因为发汗过多导致阳气亡失,经脉空虚不能自主控制肢体,所以发生震颤,这不同于单纯的寒战颤抖。
《伤寒论》经文说:如果在吐法或下法之后,出现胃脘部逆满感,气向上冲撞胸部,起身时头晕目眩,此时如果再用发汗法就会扰动经脉,导致身体震颤摇晃的,应当用茯苓桂枝白术甘草汤(Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Atractylodes Macrocephala and Licorice Decoction)主治。
太阳病经过发汗治疗后病邪未解,患者仍然发热,心中悸动不安,头晕目眩,身体肌肉跳动、震颤想要倒地的,应当用真武汤(True Warrior Decoction)主治。
这两首方剂都是温通经脉、补益血液和助长阳气的方剂。
张元素(号海藏)说:只有那些喜好饮酒和房事的人,真元耗散,气血俱虚,或者因为劳累而震颤,或者不因为劳累也震颤,或者因为内部感受阴盛阳脱而导致震颤的,都属于阴证。
如果是因房劳过度而得的病,就会出现“阴阳易”条文中描述的症状:头重不想抬起,眼睛昏花视物模糊,热气上冲胸部,气短,声音出不来,小腹部及少腹疼痛牵引至阴部,或者感觉有物从阴部向内收缩,小腿寒冷且疼痛。这类阴证,四肢往往多有震颤摇晃。刚开始得这个病时,脉象虽然举按有力,不可当作阳证来治疗,如果给予治疗阴证的寒凉药物,必然会导致病情转为寒证!也不可用过于热性的药物当作阴极之证来治疗,因为热性太过则会引发其他病变。应当使用补气养血的药物进行调理,待元气逐渐恢复,就可以痊愈。如果脉象已经微弱,面色和眉间变黑,嘴唇松弛不收摄,指甲微微发青,这时才应当用热药攻治。如果经过发汗或攻下后,热药不可烫服,应当让药液保持微温,这样阴气就不会排斥药物。经书所说的“热因寒用”,指的就是这种情况。
以上这一篇论述,自认为很有道理,可以阐明古人未曾言明的地方。
Cheng Wuji attributed the condition to deficiency-cold and proposed sweating therapy; however, such patients would inevitably experience steaming heat accompanied by tremors due to deficiency. If tremors occur after purgation followed by sweating, it indicates that both the exterior and interior are deficient. If chills and tremors occur after hemorrhage followed by sweating, it is also due to the simultaneous deficiency of Qi and Blood. In cases where patients tremble violently as if wanting to fall to the ground, or those who exhibit shaking and swaying, these are caused by excessive sweating leading to the loss of Yang Qi. The meridians become deficient and lose their ability to control the body, resulting in tremors; this is distinct from mere shivering due to cold.
The Classic states: "After vomiting or purgation, if there is fullness and rebellious Qi rising to the chest, dizziness upon standing, and subsequent sweating disturbs the meridians causing body tremors, Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Atractylodes Macrocephala and Licorice Decoction (Fuling Guizhi Baizhu Gancao Tang) should be used."
In Taiyang disease, if sweating fails to resolve the condition, and the patient still has fever, palpitations, dizziness, muscle twitching, and trembles violently as if wanting to fall to the ground, True Warrior Decoction (Zhenwu Tang) should be used.
Both formulas are agents that warm the meridians, benefit the blood, and assist Qi.
Zhang Yuansu (Haozang) stated: Only individuals fond of alcohol and sexual activity suffer from the dissipation of True Yuan and simultaneous deficiency of Qi and Blood. Whether trembling occurs due to labor or not, or due to internal Yin excess with Yang collapse, all belong to Yin syndromes.
If contracted through sexual excess, symptoms described in the "Yin-Yang Exchange" section appear: heavy head unwilling to lift, blurred vision, hot Qi rushing to the chest, shortness of breath, hoarseness or inability to speak, pain in the lower abdomen radiating to the genitalia, or a sensation of contraction inward, along with cold and painful calves. In such Yin syndromes, the limbs often tremble. Initially, even if the pulse feels forceful upon lifting and pressing, it must not be treated as a Yang syndrome. Administering cold-natured herbs for Yin syndromes will inevitably transform the condition into cold. Conversely, using excessively hot herbs to treat extreme Yin is also inadvisable, as excessive heat may generate other pathologies. Instead, one should regulate with herbs that tonify Qi and nourish Blood. As True Yuan gradually regenerates, recovery is possible. However, if the pulse becomes faint, the complexion and glabella turn black, the lips fail to close tightly, and the nails turn slightly cyanotic, then hot-natured attacking herbs should be employed. If the patient has undergone sweating or purgation, hot herbs should not be taken piping hot; they should be allowed to cool to a lukewarm temperature so that the Yin pathogen does not reject the medication. This illustrates the classic principle of "using heat in a cold manner" (Re Yin Han Yong).
This discussion is considered quite reasonable and elucidates points left unexplained by ancient masters.