吉人自有天相，积金积书不如积阴德，陈中立为青田第一世祖，位居贵赠朝请大夫，再赠通奉大夫，第二世祖陈升赠朝议大夫，第二世祖陈景行（1256年）宝佑四年丙辰科，父子居国子监丞。殿中待御史兼礼部待郎。浙东安抚史；第三世祖陈适孙官职两淮节度使； 第四世祖陈瑞仁任医学教谕；第五世祖陈茂祖任缙云县医学录名医；第六世祖陈公恕任平阳医学录名医；第七世祖陈宗泽任医学教谕，陈宗理先以荐名医与朝太医院；第八世祖陈定（明初？-1443年）字以静，精医术，明洪武二十三、二十七年，青田疫厉流行，求医者满门。考摭张仲景、刘河间、李知先医学著作，撰《伤寒铃领》〈〈小儿痘症歌诀〉〉人身肖天地图行；第八世陈宓任医学训科；第九世祖陈赐任医学训科；第十世祖陈洪任医学训科~~排到我父亲辈份已经是望族五房派第廿四世了。先祖儒医济世，代代相传。坐堂开方间或出诊，著奇方以传世。开药店注重药材质量，挑拣，浸润，切轧，各承家传。自制丸、散、膏、丹名闻乡里，运销云和、景宁、遂昌、松阳、永嘉等县。常施药济贫。不计报酬。经济困难的可以赊销。制良药以救人，居白鹤之乡至今传为佳话。
朱国基民国20年毕业于省立医学专门学校，曾任青田、金华、杭州市第一医院院长，与我父亲是世交好友，三十年代创办青田第一所西医诊所。曾对我父亲说："你们是中医世家，会后继有人。"1983年其夫人患胃癌请我去诊疗时说："我早讲过陈家后继有人，你继承祖业是祖宗积德传世啊！"我投身于中医事业，冥冥之中其实也是祖上遗风。今年春节，我赴乐清寻根，在雁荡山大龙湫触景生情，吟<大龙湫>诗一首：
龙湫瀑布天地连，
霓虹盘绕一瞬间。
积金积书积阴德，
山绿水清遗千年。
（附）陈氏宗谱记载
据颖川陈氏宗谱记载："考余陈氏，始於嫣，封于虞，迨汉朝有蕃。公暨弟实，公受敕颖川郡城，至真定间，迁光之固，再迁闽之长溪。有讳彪公五代，时奉旨南巡，莅温郡之乐清，遂家焉嗣。*六世祖讳中立公，儒医济世，名彰瓯括。宋嘉定间，就青邑城，施医济药，累仁尚行。得石郭大盤龙-穴，计卅六亩，遂卜亲柩於该山。此为青田一世始迁祖也。厥后二世景行公，父子官居浙之东西按抚，三世适孙公职膺两淮节度使，处至济传。公由训科，
授本邑县尹，历任九载，古今罕匹。且均精岐黄术，世世以法，祖相遗故。前有抚择言，公著三因谕，后有定公以静作伤寒铃，领痘疹歌诀，及人身肖天地图，皆盛行於世，详载邑志。语曰：不为良相，即为良医。吾祖等庶几，近之至若，游庠食（），明经发甲，代多其人，或隐而不仕者有之，或仕而退隐者亦有之，何以知之？曰谱也。
第二篇
拜师学医
一、先生生平
我的恩师毛达文先生1902生于浙江杭州。自幼聪颖好学，十五时拜当时浙江著名中医王香岩先生门下，随师侍诊。悉心钻研，精读经典。两年后考入浙江中医专门学校继续深造，同期仍在王师处临床实践，经五年刻苦勤学。先生通晓《金匮》《伤寒》《内径》尤擅温病学说。1923年，先生毕业于专校，旋于浙江慈溪大隐镇悬壶开业。1925年回杭在马市街开办诊所。毛氏承王氏之训，积几十年之临床经验，精干内，儿诸科，善治温热病，对脾胃病诊疗也有独到之处。毛氏门诊日以百计，影响很广。至五十年代杭州艮山笕桥一带常留行"吸咽要吸哈德门，看病要看毛达文"之俚语。
1952年，先生率先与何任，陈桐丰加入杭州广兴联合中医院（市中医院前身）几十年如一日，专心致力于为病人服务。先生为人正直，专研好学，因学验丰富，治病救危，疗效显著。名著浙杭，于1957年被浙江省卫生厅授于"省级名中医"称号。于1972年退休。
辨证论治是祖国医学理论体系的中心环节，又是诊断和治疗中必须遵循的法则。先生在辨证施治中既借鉴前人的立方之法，又结合当时病情灵活应用。审证求因，治病求本，重视气候变化（六淫）和精神因素（七情）对人体的影响。根据三问、四诊、八纲的归纳和处理把辨证论证治法体现在理法方药之中。在立法用药上"汗而毋伤，下而毋损，凉而毋凝，湿而毋燥，补而毋滞，消而毋伐"，配方严谨，剂量小，药味少（每张处方一般八、九味药）价格廉，见效快，求诊者纷至沓来，至今口碑载道，赞颂未绝。
毛达文先生于1990年逝世，至今已十二年了，他为中医事业奉献了一生，有二个儿（烈士）为中国的解放事业捐献了生命。在其晚年收授我为关门弟子，寄予厚望，幸登高令，在其膝下陪伴22年，深得恩师青睐，教学有方，精心点拨，深得精华，医道日进，昔日谆谆教诲，耳濡目染，终身难忘。先生所授医术为我医学生涯奠定基石，把治病救人的春风甘露洒向人间。
二、指点门径
毛达文先生长生广颡，音声如钟，白须伟然，两眉清秀，双目炯炯有神，蕴藏着洞察一切的慈祥之光。言行间总给人有道骨仙风的岐黄圣手之威。行医50多年医术精湛，在中医界德高望重，有幸身为关门子弟，得以真传。踏进了医学门槛。实现了上承祖业，治病行善的愿望。
先生的家住在马市街黄醋园1号，登门拜师的那一天，早上七点钟已走进先生的客厅里，师母为我上了茶，满脸笑容的说："坐、坐。"先生正在书房打坐。
书房的供桌上燃着三支香，满屋清香缭绕，先生双目似闭非闭，双手相合，手心朝上放在脐下，双膝盘起内坐。他闻听了我们的声响，就起坐走出书房，我上前向先生一拜，先生赶忙把我扶起，笑眯眯地说："坐下来，今天我们师徒好好谈一谈，人事科跟我说，为了继承祖国医学遗产，使杏林各医的宝贵临床经验为更多的大夫所掌握，并发扬光大，领导决定你们几位退伍军人由我们老中医带教，并一一作了介绍。先由我挑，你在退伍军人中文化最高，只有你是高中毕业生，学军中学第一期毕业生，学中医最好文化高一点，悟性高才学的好，你在中药房已经工作了三年，药店倌是半个郎中，药性熟是基础，平时你工作积极，肯吃苦，因此我挑中你。"先生突然停了一下，感叹地说："我以前带的几个徒弟，因成份不好都下放到乡下去了，我的几个儿子一个在铁道部，另一个在上海民政局，还有二个牺牲了，毛家没有人接我的班，我们师徒是缘分。我年纪老了，争取在退休前尽快把你带出来，努力啊！友芝"。"先生，弟子笨拙，怎样继承中医，弘扬国粹，请先生指点门径。"先生说："医道至精至微，习业贵求精专。古今中外之学问事业，无有难于此矣。若胸无洞见，拘守旧规，不知灵活变通，经治必然功少；须得博览群书，精读精典，简炼揣摩，由博返约，见识卓绝，晓天地阴阳之秘，知五运六气之化，明地土人物之性，临事不惧，沉心定气，因人、因时、因地制宜，经治必然功多。
古人言，'不为良相，便为良医'，我说良相难求，良医难做。良医需'上知天文，下知地理，中晓人事'，既要继承前人经验，又要接受现代的科学知识，还要有丰富的临床实践.实践才能出真知，任何一名老中医都是在临床上下过苦功的，步入中医圣殿的门径是识药，求师，侍诊，实践。
识药：中药是中医治疗的重要阶段，用药如用兵，准确掌握药性很重要，光靠书本上是不够的，中药材的产地，加工，炮制，品种品名不同，会直接影响疗效。有不少的名老中医是先做药房学徒，从加工炮制到撮药配方，药店倌是半个郎中，药性熟悉，又博览众多处方，再学中医就方便多了。你做过三年药房工作，看过的处方不下20万张，这是一个很好的基础。所以你一上手随我抄方就很熟练。
求师：'名师出高徒，强将手下无弱兵'。名老中医很多出自名师之门，有的拜过好几个老师，博釆众长。因为老师把前人传授的经验和自己摸索、总结出来的毕生医术传给弟子，这是学医的捷径。
侍诊：随师学医，侍诊抄方是临床学习必经阶段。中医的继承和发展，千百年来代代相传，从前的中医都是随师侍诊，抄方学出来的。我15岁开始跟香岩先生抄方，整整五年。侍诊时应领会先生临证的辨证思路与方法，遣方用药的依据与韵味。
实践：'宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来'。'纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。'师父把你领进门，修行却得靠个人。犹如大匠海人，能给人以规矩，却不能使人巧。良医、名医成才来自实践，来自勤苦。平日读书临证，两不可废。满师应诊时要学习孙思邈'胆欲大而心欲小，智欲圆而行欲方。'白日诊病，夜间还要读书，研究病症，反省诊治失误。在医学生涯中，以勤补拙，用诚生智，功夫不负有心人，日积月累，我看你日后必成大器。"
我听从师训指点门径，全神贯注，竟忘记了时间。师母悄悄地走进来说："我看你们谈得介起劲，连吃饭都忘记，已经12点半了。平时你先生言语不多，今天他特别高兴。这段时间先生下班回来曾跟我说起：友芝这个徒儿灵光，跟我抄方二个月，我才报了第一味药，他就能按照我的思路把处方都开出来，可见他早几年在配方部已经用心啄磨我们的处方。"
师母是杭州人，烧的菜清口入味，色、香、味具全。先生带我走到楼下的餐厅，八仙桌上摆着青菜、红烧肉、黄瓜、茭白、黑鱼，刚坐下身，又端上来二只大螃蟹，每只足有半斤，一只圆麒，一只长麒，八只脚朝天放在中央。师母给先生倒了一杯绍兴加饭酒，说："先生啊，平时没什么嗜好，上班一壶龙井茶，晚饭喝一杯加饭酒，吃菜很简朴，就是喜欢吃螃蟹。来，来，先吃蟹，醋渍渍。"我说："师母的菜烧得太好了，比早上先生讲《内经》阴阳五行还要妙，看：二只蟹一雌一雄，一阴一阳，《内经-阴阳应象大论》篇开头就是：'阴阳者，天地之道也，万物之纲纪，变化之父母，生杀之本始，神明之府也。'《内经-金匮真言论第四》说：'东方青色，入通于肝；南方赤色，入通于心；中央黄色，入通于脾；西方白色，入通于肺；北方黑色，入通于肾。'桌上的菜：青菜色青，属木；红烧肉色赤，属火；黄瓜色黄属土；茭白色白，属金；黑鱼色黑，属水，木火土金水，五行齐全，这叫阴阳五行大席。师母的菜真是妙在其中，把整个宇宙都搬到桌上，徒儿哪有这么大的胃口。"先生与师母听我这么一说，都哈哈大笑起来，"说得好！说得好！真是学以致用，现烧现卖。"
吃完中饭，先生拿出二本书递给我说："阴阳五行是中医理论的核心，先看一下《阴阳五行》这本书，再学《内经》概念就清楚多了。"我捧着书走出了先生的家门，一路上在想，千万不能辜负老师的厚望，恩师用心良苦，真是望徒成龙啊！
三、医乃仁术
我常在师父家用餐，几乎桌上都有螃蟹。师母告诉我：说起螃蟹是有来由的，民国16年，菜市桥河下有个叫张阿水的，五十岁取妻，生了一个独养儿子当命宝，三岁那年患了温病，高热不退，抽搐不止，昏迷不醒，跑了几家医院，看中医、西医不见效。父母急得走投无路，半夜子时，张阿水敲门请师父救治。春寒料峭，细雨绵绵，师父披衣急急赶到 病家，仔细切过脉，说："有救！有救！"从药箱取出至宝丹为小孩灌服，又开了处方：石膏 羚羊角 淡芩 银花 青龙齿 全蝎。不多久患儿抽搐渐止，睁开眼喊"妈妈"，张阿水高兴极了，第二天一大早又去药店配方给小儿服用。两天后，小孩热退神清。张阿水高兴之余又为付不起药费及出诊费而心中内疚。先生说："治病行善是应该的，免了，免了。"此后，张阿水经常送螃蟹来，缸里的蟹从沒间断过。先生知道做小生意的人家境困难，每月结帐都多给他一点钱。现在张阿水过世了，独养儿子小毛也做螃蟹生意，所以缸里的螃蟹呆板有的。
先生经常告诫我："医乃仁术，攸关人命寿夭。为医者当具仁爱之心，以治病救人为首务，急病人所急"。前人拜师学医，为师送与弟子三件礼物：一双草鞋，一把雨伞，一盏灯笼。意即不论路程远近，刮风下雨，白昼深夜，都当克服困难，前往出诊。若人请客吃饭，许是客套，你可不去；若相请看病，须即刻前往，不得推拖，否则延误病情，致病家伤怀。唐代医家孙思邈是注重医德的典范，其曰："若有疾厄来求救者，不得问其贵贱贫富，长幼妍媸，怨亲善友，华夷愚智，普同一等，皆如至亲之想。亦不得瞻前顾后，自虑吉凶，护惜身命。见彼苦恼，若己有之，深心凄怆，勿避险巇、昼夜寒暑、饥渴疲劳，一心赴救"。明代江瓘曰："人身疾苦，与我无异。凡来请召，急去无迟。或止求药，宜即发付，勿问贵贱，无择贫富，专以救人为心"。
治病救人，行善积德，乃祖训、宗训、师训，千年遗风，一脉相承。
四、韬光讲大黄
吉人自有上天保佑，积累金银、积累书籍都不如积累阴德。陈中立是青田陈氏的第一代始祖，生前位居贵赠朝请大夫，死后又获赠通奉大夫；第二代祖陈升获赠朝议大夫；第三代祖陈景行（1256年）在宝佑四年丙辰科考中进士，父子二人均担任国子监丞、殿中侍御史兼礼部侍郎、浙东安抚使；第四代祖陈适孙官至两淮节度使；第五代祖陈茂祖担任缙云县医学录，是名医；第六代祖陈公恕担任平阳医学录，也是名医；第七代祖陈宗泽担任医学教谕，陈宗理先是被推荐为名医进入朝廷太医院；第八代祖陈定（明初？-1443年），字以静，精通医术，在明洪武二十三年和二十七年，青田瘟疫流行，求医的人挤满了家门。他考证搜集张仲景、刘河间、李知先的医学著作，撰写了《伤寒铃领》、《小儿痘症歌诀》以及《人身肖天地图》等书；第八世陈宓担任医学训科；第九世祖陈赐担任医学训科；第十世祖陈洪担任医学训科……排到我父亲这一辈已经是望族五房派的第二十四世了。先祖作为儒医济世救人，代代相传。他们坐堂开方，偶尔也出诊，著述奇方流传后世。开设药店时注重药材质量，挑拣、浸润、切轧等工序都秉承家传技艺。自制的丸、散、膏、丹闻名乡里，运销云和、景宁、遂昌、松阳、永嘉等县。经常施药救济贫苦百姓，不计报酬，经济困难的可以赊账。制作良药以救人性命，居住在白鹤之乡至今传为佳话。
朱国基于民国20年毕业于省立医学专门学校，曾任青田、金华、杭州市第一医院院长，与我父亲是世交好友，在三十年代创办了青田第一所西医诊所。他曾对我父亲说：“你们是中医世家，会有后继之人的。”1983年，他的夫人患胃癌请我去诊疗时说：“我早就说过陈家后继有人，你继承祖业是祖宗积德传世啊！”我投身于中医事业，冥冥之中其实也是祖上的遗风。今年春节，我去乐清寻根，在雁荡山大龙湫触景生情，吟诵了一首《大龙湫》诗：
龙湫瀑布天地连，
霓虹盘绕一瞬间。
积金积书积阴德，
山绿水清遗千年。
（附）陈氏宗谱记载
据颖川陈氏宗谱记载：“考察我的陈氏家族，始于嫣，受封于虞，到了汉朝有蕃。我和弟弟实，我受敕封颖川郡城，到真定年间，迁居到光之固，再迁居到闽之长溪。有位叫彪公的五代祖先，当时奉旨南巡，来到温州郡的乐清，于是定居在那里。六世祖名叫中立公，作为儒医济世救人，名声显赫于瓯括地区。宋朝嘉定年间，迁居到青田县，施医济药，累积仁德崇尚品行。得到石郭大盘龙一穴，共计三十亩，于是将亲人安葬在该山。这是青田一世始迁祖。此后二世景行公，父子官居浙江东西按抚，三世适孙公职任两淮节度使，处州至济传承。公由训科授本邑县尹，历任九年，古今罕见匹敌。而且都精通岐黄之术，世代以法传授，祖先相遗留。前有抚择言，公著《三因谕》，后有定公以静作《伤寒铃》、《痘疹歌诀》，及《人身肖天地图》，都在世间盛行，详细记载在县志中。俗话说：‘不做好的宰相，就做好的医生’。我的祖先们差不多做到了这一点。至于那些在太学读书、凭经义考中做官的人，代代有很多，有的隐居不做官，有的做官后退休隐居，怎么知道这些呢？靠的是家谱。
第二篇
拜师学医
一、先生生平
我的恩师毛达文先生1902年出生于浙江杭州。自幼聪颖好学，十五岁时拜当时浙江著名中医王香岩先生门下，跟随老师侍候诊病。悉心钻研，精读经典。两年后考入浙江中医专门学校继续深造，同期仍在王老师处进行临床实践，经过五年刻苦勤学。先生通晓《金匮要略》、《伤寒论》、《内经》，尤其擅长温病学说。1923年，先生从专校毕业，随即在浙江慈溪大隐镇悬壶开业。1925年回杭州在马市街开办诊所。毛氏承袭王氏的教诲，积累了几十年的临床经验，精通内科、儿科等各科，善于治疗温热病，对脾胃病的诊疗也有独到之处。毛氏门诊每天数以百计，影响很广。到了五十年代，杭州艮山笕桥一带常流传着“吸咽要吸哈德门，看病要看毛达文”的俚语。
1952年，先生率先与何任、陈桐丰加入杭州广兴联合中医院（市中医院前身），几十年如一日，专心致力于为病人服务。先生为人正直，专研好学，因为学识经验非常丰富，治病救危，疗效显著。名著浙杭，于1957年被浙江省卫生厅授予“省级名中医”称号。于1972年退休。
辨证论治是祖国医学理论体系的中心环节，又是诊断和治疗中必须遵循的法则。先生在辨证施治中既借鉴前人的立方之法，又结合当时病情灵活应用。审证求因，治病求本，重视气候变化（六淫）和精神因素（七情）对人体的影响。根据三问、四诊、八纲的归纳和处理把辨证论证治法体现在理法方药之中。在立法用药上“汗而毋伤，下而毋损，凉而毋凝，湿而毋燥，补而毋滞，消而毋伐”，配方严谨，剂量小，药味少（每张处方一般八、九味药），价格廉，见效快，求诊者纷至沓来，至今口碑载道，赞颂未绝。
毛达文先生于1990年逝世，至今已十二年了，他为中医事业奉献了一生，有二个儿子（烈士）为中国的解放事业捐献了生命。在其晚年收授我为关门弟子，寄予厚望，幸登高令，在其膝下陪伴22年，深得恩师青睐，教学有方，精心点拨，深得精华，医道日进，昔日谆谆教诲，耳濡目染，终身难忘。先生所授医术为我医学生涯奠定基石，把治病救人的春风甘露洒向人间。
二、指点门径
毛达文先生长脸阔喉，声音如钟，白须伟岸，双眉清秀，双目炯炯有神，蕴藏着洞察一切的慈祥之光。言行间总给人有道骨仙风的岐黄圣手之威。行医50多年医术精湛，在中医界德高望重，有幸身为关门子弟，得以真传。踏进了医学门槛。实现了上承祖业，治病行善的愿望。
先生的家住在马市街黄醋园1号，登门拜师的那一天，早上七点钟已走进先生的客厅里，师母为我上了茶，满脸笑容的说：“坐、坐。”先生正在书房打坐。
书房的供桌上燃着三支香，满屋清香缭绕，先生双目似闭非闭，双手相合，手心朝上放在脐下，双膝盘起内坐。他闻听了我们的声响，就起坐走出书房，我上前向先生一拜，先生赶忙把我扶起，笑眯眯地说：“坐下来，今天我们师徒好好谈一谈，人事科跟我说，为了继承祖国医学遗产，使杏林各医的宝贵临床经验为更多的大夫所掌握，并发扬光大，领导决定你们几位退伍军人由我们老中医带教，并一一作了介绍。先由我挑，你在退伍军人中文化最高，只有你是高中毕业生，学军中学第一期毕业生，学中医最好文化高一点，悟性高才学的好，你在中药房已经工作了三年，药店倌是半个郎中，药性熟是基础，平时你工作积极，肯吃苦，因此我挑中你。”先生突然停了一下，感叹地说：“我以前带的几个徒弟，因成份不好都下放到乡下去了，我的几个儿子一个在铁道部，另一个在上海民政局，还有二个牺牲了，毛家没有人接我的班，我们师徒是缘分。我年纪老了，争取在退休前尽快把你带出来，努力啊！友芝”。 “先生，弟子笨拙，怎样继承中医，弘扬国粹，请先生指点门径。”先生说：“医道至精至微，习业贵求精专。古今中外之学问事业，无有难于此矣。若胸无洞见，拘守旧规，不知灵活变通，经治必然功少；须得博览群书，精读精典，简炼揣摩，由博返约，见识卓绝，晓天地阴阳之秘，知五运六气之化，明地土人物之性，临事不惧，沉心定气，因人、因时、因地制宜，经治必然功多。
古人言，‘不为良相，便为良医’，我说良相难求，良医难做。良医需‘上知天文，下知地理，中晓人事’，既要继承前人经验，又要接受现代的科学知识，还要有丰富的临床实践.实践才能出真知，任何一名老中医都是在临床上下过苦功的，步入中医圣殿的门径是识药，求师，侍诊，实践。
识药：中药是中医治疗的重要阶段，用药如用兵，准确掌握药性很重要，光靠书本上是不够的，中药材的产地，加工，炮制，品种品名不同，会直接影响疗效。有不少的名老中医是先做药房学徒，从加工炮制到撮药配方，药店倌是半个郎中，药性熟悉，又博览众多处方，再学中医就方便多了。你做过三年药房工作，看过的处方不下20万张，这是一个很好的基础。所以你一上手随我抄方就很熟练。
求师：‘名师出高徒，强将手下无弱兵’。名老中医很多出自名师之门，有的拜过好几个老师，博采众长。因为老师把前人传授的经验和自己摸索、总结出来的毕生医术传给弟子，这是学医的捷径。
侍诊：随师学医，侍诊抄方是临床学习必经阶段。中医的继承和发展，千百年来代代相传，从前的中医都是随师侍诊，抄方学出来的。我15岁开始跟香岩先生抄方，整整五年。侍诊时应领会先生临证的辨证思路与方法，遣方用药的依据与韵味。
实践：‘宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来’。‘纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。’师父把你领进门，修行却得靠个人。犹如大匠诲人，能给人以规矩，却不能使人巧。良医、名医成才来自实践，来自勤苦。平日读书临证，两不可废。满师应诊时要学习孙思邈‘胆欲大而心欲小，智欲圆而行欲方。’白日诊病，夜间还要读书，研究病症，反省诊治失误。在医学生涯中，以勤补拙，用诚生智，功夫不负有心人，日积月累，我看你日后必成大器。”
我听从师训指点门径，全神贯注，竟忘记了时间。师母悄悄地走进来说：“我看你们谈得介起劲，连吃饭都忘记，已经12点半了。平时你先生言语不多，今天他特别高兴。这段时间先生下班回来曾跟我说起：友芝这个徒儿灵光，跟我抄方二个月，我才报了第一味药，他就能按照我的思路把处方都开出来，可见他早几年在配方部已经用心啄磨我们的处方。”
师母是杭州人，烧的菜清口入味，色、香、味具全。先生带我走到楼下的餐厅，八仙桌上摆着青菜、红烧肉、黄瓜、茭白、黑鱼，刚坐下身，又端上来二只大螃蟹，每只足有半斤，一只圆蟹，一只长蟹，八只脚朝天放在中央。师母给先生倒了一杯绍兴加饭酒，说：“先生啊，平时没什么嗜好，上班一壶龙井茶，晚饭喝一杯加饭酒，吃菜很简朴，就是喜欢吃螃蟹。来，来，先吃蟹，醋渍渍。”我说：“师母的菜烧得太好了，比早上先生讲《内经》阴阳五行还要妙，看：二只蟹一雌一雄，一阴一阳，《内经-阴阳应象大论》篇开头就是：‘阴阳者，天地之道也，万物之纲纪，变化之父母，生杀之本始，神明之府也。’《内经-金匮真言论第四》说：‘东方青色，入通于肝；南方赤色，入通于心；中央黄色，入通于脾；西方白色，入通于肺；北方黑色，入通于肾。’桌上的菜：青菜色青，属木；红烧肉色赤，属火；黄瓜色黄属土；茭白色白，属金；黑鱼色黑，属水，木火土金水，五行齐全，这叫阴阳五行大席。师母的菜真是妙在其中，把整个宇宙都搬到桌上，徒儿哪有这么大的胃口。”先生与师母听我这么一说，都哈哈大笑起来，“说得好！说得好！真是学以致用，现烧现卖。”
吃完中饭，先生拿出二本书递给我说：“阴阳五行是中医理论的核心，先看一下《阴阳五行》这本书，再学《内经》概念就清楚多了。”我捧着书走出了先生的家门，一路上在想，千万不能辜负老师的厚望，恩师用心良苦，真是望徒成龙啊！
三、医乃仁术
我常在师父家用餐，几乎桌上都有螃蟹。师母告诉我：说起螃蟹是有来由的，民国16年，菜市桥河下有个叫张阿水的，五十岁娶妻，生了一个独养儿子当命宝，三岁那年患了温病，高热不退，抽搐不止，昏迷不醒，跑了几家医院，看中医、西医不见效。父母急得走投无路，半夜子时，张阿水敲门请师父救治。春寒料峭，细雨绵绵，师父披衣急急赶到病家，仔细切过脉，说：“有救！有救！”从药箱取出至宝丹为小孩灌服，又开了处方：石膏、羚羊角、淡芩、银花、青龙齿、全蝎。不多久患儿抽搐渐止，睁开眼喊“妈妈”，张阿水高兴极了，第二天一大早又去药店配方给小儿服用。两天后，小孩热退神清。张阿水高兴之余又为付不起药费及出诊费而心中内疚。先生说：“治病行善是应该的，免了，免了。”此后，张阿水经常送螃蟹来，缸里的蟹从没间断过。先生知道做小生意的人家境困难，每月结帐都多给他一点钱。现在张阿水过世了，独养儿子小毛也做螃蟹生意，所以缸里的螃蟹呆板有的。
先生经常告诫我：“医乃仁术，攸关人命寿夭。为医者当具仁爱之心，以治病救人为首务，急病人所急”。前人拜师学医，为师送与弟子三件礼物：一双草鞋，一把雨伞，一盏灯笼。意即不论路程远近，刮风下雨，白昼深夜，都当克服困难，前往出诊。若人请客吃饭，许是客套，你可不去；若相请看病，须即刻前往，不得推拖，否则延误病情，致病家伤怀。唐代医家孙思邈是注重医德的典范，其曰：“若有疾厄来求救者，不得问其贵贱贫富，长幼妍媸，怨亲善友，华夷愚智，普同一等，皆如至亲之想。亦不得瞻前顾后，自虑吉凶，护惜身命。见彼苦恼，若己有之，深心凄怆，勿避险巇、昼夜寒暑、饥渴疲劳，一心赴救”。明代江瓘曰：“人身疾苦，与我无异。凡来请召，急去无迟。或止求药，宜即发付，勿问贵贱，无择贫富，专以救人为心”。
治病救人，行善积德，乃祖训、宗训、师训，千年遗风，一脉相承。
四、韬光讲大黄
Heaven helps those who help themselves; accumulating gold or books is not as good as accumulating hidden virtue. Chen Zhongli was the first-generation ancestor of the Qingtian Chen clan, holding the honorary title of Chaqing Dafu (Grand Master of Court Etiquette) during his lifetime and posthumously awarded Tongfeng Dafu (Grand Master of General Grace); the second-generation ancestor, Chen Sheng, was posthumously awarded Chaoyi Dafu (Grand Master of Court Discussion); the third-generation ancestor, Chen Jingxing (1256), passed the imperial examination in the Bingchen year of the Baoyou era, serving as Vice Director of the Imperial Academy alongside his father, as well as Censor-in-Chief of the Palace, Concurrent Minister of Rites, and Pacification Commissioner of Eastern Zhejiang; the fourth-generation ancestor, Chen Sishen, held the office of Military Commissioner of Lianghuai; the fifth-generation ancestor, Chen Maozu, served as Medical Recorder of Jinyun County and was a renowned physician; the sixth-generation ancestor, Chen Gongshu, served as Medical Recorder of Pingyang County and was also a renowned physician; the seventh-generation ancestor, Chen Zongze, served as Medical Instructor, while Chen Zongli was recommended as a renowned physician to enter the Imperial Hospital of the Court; the eighth-generation ancestor, Chen Ding (Early Ming Dynasty ?-1443), courtesy name Yijing, was proficient in medical arts. During the 23rd and 27th years of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty, when an epidemic swept through Qingtian, seekers of medical treatment filled his home. He researched and collected the medical works of Zhang Zhongjing, Liu Hejian, and Li Zhixian, authoring *Shanghan Lingling* (Bell-Leading Treatise on Cold Damage), *Xiao'er Douzheng Gejue* (Song-Rhymes for Pediatric Smallpox Symptoms), and *Renshen Xiaotian Ditu* (Map of Human Body Resembling Heaven and Earth); the eighth generation Chen Mi served as Medical Instructor; the ninth-generation ancestor, Chen Ci, served as Medical Instructor; the tenth-generation ancestor, Chen Hong served as Medical Instructor... By the time it reached my father's generation, we were already the 24th generation of the prestigious Five Branches lineage. Our ancestors practiced medicine as Confucian scholars to benefit the world, passing down their skills generation after generation. They held consultations in their halls and occasionally made house calls, leaving behind rare prescriptions for posterity. When opening pharmacies, they emphasized the quality of medicinal materials, with sorting, soaking, slicing, and crushing processes inherited from family traditions. Their self-made pills, powders, pastes, and elixirs were famous in the countryside, distributed to counties such as Yunhe, Jingning, Suichang, Songyang, and Yongjia. They frequently dispensed medicine to relieve the poor without charge, allowing credit for those in financial difficulty. Producing fine medicines to save lives, residing in the Land of White Cranes, this has remained a celebrated story to this day.
Zhu Guoji graduated from the Provincial Medical Specialized School in the 20th year of the Republic of China. He served as the director of the First People's Hospital in Qingtian, Jinhua, and Hangzhou, and was a close family friend of my father. In the 1930s, he founded the first Western medicine clinic in Qingtian. He once told my father, "You are a family of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners; there will be successors." In 1983, when his wife suffered from gastric cancer and I went to treat her, she said, "I told you long ago that the Chen family has successors. You inheriting the ancestral profession is due to the accumulated virtue of your ancestors." My dedication to the TCM cause is, in a mysterious way, also a continuation of our ancestral legacy. This Spring Festival, I went to Yueqing to trace my roots. Touching upon the scenery at Dalongqiu in Yandang Mountain, I composed a poem titled *Dalongqiu*:
The waterfall of Dalongqiu connects heaven and earth,
Rainbows swirl around in an instant.
Accumulate gold, accumulate books, accumulate hidden virtue,
Green mountains and clear waters leave a legacy for a thousand years.
(Attachment) Record of the Chen Clan Genealogy
According to the Yingchuan Chen Clan Genealogy: "Examining my Chen clan, it began with Yan, enfeoffed at Yu, and by the Han Dynasty had descendants named Fan. My brother Shi and I, I received the edict for Yingchuan Commandery. During the Zhending era, we moved to Guangzhi Gu, and later to Changxi in Fujian. An ancestor named Biao, in the fifth generation, followed the imperial decree on a southern tour, arriving in Yueqing, Wenzhou Commandery, and settled there. The sixth-generation ancestor, named Zhongli, practiced medicine as a Confucian scholar to benefit the world, becoming famous in the Oukuo region. During the Jiading era of the Song Dynasty, he moved to Qingtian County, dispensing medicine and practicing benevolence. He acquired a dragon-shaped grave site called 'Stone Wall Giant Plate Dragon,' covering thirty mu, where he buried his relatives. This marks the first migrating ancestor of Qingtian. Later, the second-generation Jingxing and his son served as Pacification Commissioners in eastern and western Zhejiang; the third-generation Sishen served as Military Commissioner of Lianghuai, continuing the lineage from Chuzhou. The ancestor was appointed County Magistrate of this locality by the Xunke (Medical Instructor) rank, serving for nine years, unmatched in ancient and modern times. All were proficient in Qi-Huang (TCM) arts, passing down methods generation after generation, leaving legacies from ancestors. Before, Fuzeyan wrote *Sanyin Yu*; later, Ding Yijing wrote *Shanghan Ling*, *Douzhen Gejue*, and *Renshen Xiaotian Ditu*, all popular in the world and detailed in the county gazetteer. It is said, 'If one cannot be a good prime minister, one should be a good doctor.' My ancestors came close to this ideal. As for those who studied in the Imperial Academy, passed the classics, and became officials, there were many in each generation. Some remained reclusive and did not serve, while others retired after serving. How do we know this? Through the genealogy.
Part Two
Apprenticeship in Medicine
I. Life of the Teacher
My esteemed teacher, Mr. Mao Dawen, was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, in 1902. Intelligent and eager to learn since childhood, he apprenticed under Wang Xiangyan, a famous TCM practitioner in Zhejiang at the age of fifteen, attending consultations with his master. He studied diligently and read classics intensively. Two years later, he entered the Zhejiang TCM Specialized School for further study, while simultaneously engaging in clinical practice under Master Wang. After five years of hard work, he mastered the *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders), and *Neijing* (Inner Canon), particularly excelling in the Warm Disease theory. In 1923, after graduating from the specialized school, he opened a clinic in Dayin Town, Cixi, Zhejiang. In 1925, he returned to Hangzhou and opened a clinic on Mashi Street. Following Wang's teachings and accumulating decades of clinical experience, he was proficient in internal medicine, pediatrics, and other specialties, skilled in treating warm diseases, and had unique insights into the diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach disorders. His outpatient clinic saw hundreds of patients daily, exerting a wide influence. By the 1950s, a local saying circulated in the Genshan Jianqiao area of Hangzhou: "For smoking, choose Hademen cigarettes; for seeing a doctor, choose Mao Dawen."
In 1952, Mr. Mao was among the first to join the Hangzhou Guangxing United Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (the predecessor of the Municipal Hospital of TCM) along with He Ren and Chen Tongfeng. For decades, he dedicated himself wholeheartedly to serving patients. Upright in character, devoted to study, and rich in knowledge and experience, he achieved remarkable results in saving critical patients. Famous in Zhejiang and Hangzhou, he was awarded the title of "Provincial Famous TCM Practitioner" by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Health in 1957. He retired in 1972.
Syndrome differentiation and treatment are the central link of the theoretical system of our motherland's medicine and the rule that must be followed in diagnosis and treatment. In syndrome-based treatment, Mr. Mao both drew upon the prescription methods of predecessors and flexibly applied them according to the patient's condition at the time. He sought the cause by examining the syndrome and treated the root of the disease, emphasizing the impact of climate changes (Six Excesses) and emotional factors (Seven Emotions) on the human body. Based on the three inquiries, four diagnostic methods, and eight principles, he integrated syndrome differentiation, reasoning, treatment methods, and prescriptions into the logic of theory, method, formula, and herbs. In prescribing, he adhered to the principle of "sweating without damaging, purging without harming, cooling without congealing, drying dampness without desiccating, tonifying without stagnation, and reducing without attacking." His formulas were rigorous, with small dosages and few ingredients (generally eight or nine herbs per prescription), low cost, and fast effect. Patients flocked to him, and his reputation remains unbroken to this day.
Mr. Mao Dawen passed away in 1990, twelve years ago. He dedicated his life to the TCM cause, and two of his sons (martyrs) sacrificed their lives for China's liberation. In his later years, he accepted me as his final disciple, placing high hopes on me. Fortunately, I accompanied him for 22 years, gaining his favor. His teaching was effective, providing careful guidance, allowing me to grasp the essence and advance my medical skills daily. His earnest teachings and my immersion in his environment are unforgettable. The medical skills taught by my master laid the foundation for my career, spreading the spring breeze and sweet dew of healing to the world.
II. Guiding the Path
Mr. Mao Dawen had a long face and broad throat, a voice like a bell, white beard, elegant eyebrows, and bright eyes containing a kind light that could see through everything. His words and deeds always gave people the impression of a sage-like TCM master with a Daoist aura. With over 50 years of medical practice, his skills were exquisite, and he was highly respected in the TCM community. As his final disciple, I was fortunate to receive the true transmission and step into the threshold of medicine, fulfilling the wish of inheriting the ancestral profession and practicing medicine for good.
Mr. Mao lived at No. 1 Huangcu Yuan, Mashi Street. On the day I visited to become his apprentice, I entered his living room at 7:00 AM. His wife served me tea with a smile, saying, "Sit, sit." Mr. Mao was meditating in his study.
Three incense sticks burned on the offering table in the study, filling the room with fragrance. His eyes were half-closed, hands joined with palms facing up below his navel, knees folded inward. Hearing our noise, he rose and walked out of the study. I bowed to him, and he quickly helped me up, smiling and saying, "Sit down. Today, let us have a good talk between master and disciple. The Personnel Department told me that to inherit the heritage of our motherland's medicine and make the valuable clinical experience of doctors in the apricot grove accessible to more physicians and carry it forward, the leadership decided that you veterans would be taught by us old TCM practitioners, and introduced you one by one. I chose first. Among the veterans, you have the highest education level. You are the only high school graduate, a graduate of the first cohort of Xuejun Middle School. To study TCM, a higher cultural background is better; only with high comprehension can one learn well. You have worked in the herbal pharmacy for three years. A pharmacy assistant is half a doctor; familiarity with herb properties is the foundation. You are usually active in work and willing to endure hardship, so I chose you." Mr. Mao paused suddenly and sighed, "Several apprentices I took before were sent down to the countryside due to poor political background. One of my sons is in the Ministry of Railways, another in the Shanghai Civil Affairs Bureau, and two sacrificed their lives. No one in the Mao family will take over my work. We are destined to be master and disciple. I am old and strive to train you well before retirement. Work hard! You Zhi." "Master, I am clumsy. How can I inherit TCM and promote national quintessence? Please guide me," I said. Mr. Mao replied, "The medical path is extremely subtle and profound; learning requires precision and specialization. There is no scholarship or undertaking in ancient or modern times, in China or abroad, that is harder than this. If one lacks insight, clings to old rules, and does not know how to adapt flexibly, treatment will yield little success. One must read widely, study classics intensively, refine and ponder, return from breadth to simplicity, possess outstanding vision, understand the secrets of heaven and earth yin-yang, know the transformations of the Five Movements and Six Qi, clarify the nature of land, soil, people, and things, face matters without fear, calm the mind and steady the qi, and adapt to individuals, times, and places. Treatment will surely yield much success.
The ancients said, 'If one cannot be a good prime minister, one should be a good doctor.' I say a good prime minister is hard to find, and a good doctor is hard to be. A good doctor needs to 'know astronomy above, geography below, and human affairs in the middle.' One must inherit previous experiences, accept modern scientific knowledge, and have rich clinical practice. Only practice yields true knowledge. Any old TCM practitioner has worked hard in clinical practice. The path into the temple of TCM is knowing herbs, seeking a teacher, attending consultations, and practicing.
Knowing Herbs: Herbal medicine is an important stage in TCM treatment. Using herbs is like using soldiers; accurately grasping herb properties is crucial. Relying solely on books is insufficient. The origin, processing, preparation, variety, and names of herbal materials directly affect efficacy. Many famous old TCM practitioners started as pharmacy apprentices, learning from processing and preparation to mixing and prescribing. Pharmacy assistants are half-doctors; familiar with herb properties and having seen numerous prescriptions, they find it easier to learn TCM later. You have worked in the pharmacy for three years and have seen no less than 200,000 prescriptions. This is a very good foundation. That is why you were very proficient when you started copying prescriptions with me.
Seeking a Teacher: 'Great teachers produce great disciples; strong generals have no weak soldiers.' Many famous old TCM practitioners come from famous teachers, some apprenticing to several masters to absorb strengths from all sides. Because teachers pass on experiences transmitted by predecessors and their own lifelong medical skills discovered and summarized through exploration to their disciples, this is the shortcut to learning medicine.
Attending Consultations: Learning medicine with a teacher, attending consultations and copying prescriptions is a necessary stage of clinical learning. The inheritance and development of TCM have been passed down generation after generation for thousands of years. Former TCM practitioners learned by attending consultations with their masters and copying prescriptions. I started copying prescriptions for Master Xiangyan at age fifteen, for five full years. During consultations, one should comprehend the master's思路 (line of thought) and methods in syndrome differentiation, and the basis and charm of prescribing and using herbs.
Practice: 'The sharp edge of a sword comes from grinding; the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from bitter cold.' 'What is obtained from paper is superficial; one must personally practice to truly understand.' The master leads you through the door, but cultivation depends on the individual. Like a master craftsman, one can give rules but cannot make someone skillful. Good doctors and famous doctors are formed through practice and diligence. Reading and clinical practice should never be neglected. Upon completing apprenticeship and seeing patients, one should learn from Sun Simiao: 'Courage should be great, but caution small; wisdom should be round, but conduct square.' Diagnose patients by day and read/study cases/reflect on diagnostic errors by night. In a medical career, use diligence to compensate for clumsiness, and sincerity to generate wisdom. Hard work pays off. Accumulating over time, I believe you will surely become a great figure in the future."
I listened attentively to the master's guidance, forgetting the time. His wife quietly walked in and said, "I see you talking so enthusiastically that you forgot to eat. It's already 12:30. Usually, your master doesn't speak much, but today he is particularly happy. Recently, when he returned from work, he told me: 'This apprentice of yours, You Zhi, is clever. After copying prescriptions with me for two months, after I just named the first herb, he could prescribe the entire formula according to my line of thought. This shows he has already carefully pondered our prescriptions in the compounding department in previous years.'"
His wife was from Hangzhou, and her cooking was refreshing and flavorful, complete in color, aroma, and taste. Mr. Mao led me to the dining room downstairs. On the Eight Immortals table were green vegetables, braised pork, cucumber, arrowhead, and black fish. As soon as we sat down, two large crabs were brought up, each weighing half a jin. One round crab and one long crab, with eight legs facing up in the center. His wife poured Mr. Mao a cup of Shaoxing Jiafan wine and said, "Master, you don't have many hobbies. A pot of Longjing tea at work, a glass of Jiafan wine at dinner. Your meals are simple, except you love eating crabs. Come, come, eat the crab first, dip it in vinegar." I said, "Mother's cooking is too good, even more wonderful than what Master discussed this morning about Yin-Yang and Five Elements in the *Neijing*. Look: two crabs, one female and one male, representing Yin and Yang. The beginning of the chapter *Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun* in the *Neijing* says: 'Yin and Yang are the Way of heaven and earth, the net of all things, the parents of change, the origin of life and death, the residence of spirit and enlightenment.' The chapter *Jinkui Zhenyan Lun* (Fourth) of the *Neijing* says: 'The color of the East is green, entering through the Liver; the color of the South is red, entering through the Heart; the color of the Center is yellow, entering through the Spleen; the color of the West is white, entering through the Lung; the color of the North is black, entering through the Kidney.' The dishes on the table: green vegetables are green, belonging to Wood; braised pork is red, belonging to Fire; cucumber is yellow, belonging to Earth; arrowhead is white, belonging to Metal; black fish is black, belonging to Water. Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water are all present. This is called a Grand Banquet of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. Mother's cooking is truly wonderful, bringing the entire universe to the table. How can a disciple have such a big appetite?" Hearing this, Mr. Mao and his wife laughed heartily, "Well said! Well said! Truly applying what one learns, selling what one cooks fresh."
After lunch, Mr. Mao handed me two books and said, "Yin-Yang and Five Elements are the core of TCM theory. Read this book *Yin-Yang and Five Elements* first, and then your understanding of the concepts in the *Neijing* will be much clearer." Holding the book, I left Mr. Mao's home, thinking all the way that I must not fail the teacher's high expectations. My master's kindness was profound; he truly hoped his disciple would become a dragon!
III. Medicine is the Art of Benevolence
I often ate at my master's home, and almost every table had crabs. His wife told me the origin of the crabs: In the 16th year of the Republic of China, under Caishi Bridge, there was a man named Zhang Ashui. At fifty, he married and had a only son whom he cherished as his life. At age three, the boy contracted a warm disease, suffering from persistent high fever, continuous convulsions, and coma. Several hospitals were visited, and both TCM and Western medicine treatments failed. Desperate, the parents had nowhere to turn. At midnight, Zhang Ashui knocked on the door asking my master to treat the child. In the chilly spring rain, my master hurriedly put on his clothes and rushed to the patient's home. After carefully taking the pulse, he said, "There is hope! There is hope!" He took Zhibao Dan (Precious Pill) from his medicine box and administered it to the child, then prescribed: Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn), Danqin (Scutellariae Radix), Yinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), Qinglongchi (Long Bone), Quanxie (Scorpio). Soon, the child's convulsions stopped, and he opened his eyes calling for "Mom." Zhang Ashui was overjoyed and went to the pharmacy early the next morning to get the prescription for the child. Two days later, the child's fever subsided, and he was clear-headed. Overjoyed but feeling guilty for being unable to pay the medical and consultation fees, Zhang Ashui felt ashamed. Mr. Mao said, "Treating illness and doing good is what should be done. Forget it, forget it." Since then, Zhang Ashui frequently sent crabs, and the vat of crabs never ran dry. Knowing that small business owners faced financial difficulties, Mr. Mao always gave him a little extra money when settling accounts each month. Now that Zhang Ashui has passed away, his only son, Xiao Mao, also deals in crabs, so the vat of crabs remains stocked.
Mr. Mao often warned me, "Medicine is the art of benevolence, concerning life and death. Physicians must possess a heart of benevolence, making treating illness and saving lives their primary duty, sharing the urgency of their patients." When former students apprenticed to learn medicine, the master gifted the disciple three items: a pair of straw shoes, an umbrella, and a lantern. This meant that regardless of distance, weather, or time of day or night, one should overcome difficulties to make house calls. If invited to dinner, it might be mere politeness, and you may decline; if invited to treat a patient, you must go immediately without delay, otherwise delaying the condition will harm the patient's family. The Tang Dynasty physician Sun Simiao was a model of medical ethics, stating, "If anyone suffering from illness comes to seek help, do not ask about their nobility or poverty, age, beauty or ugliness, resentment or friendship, Chinese or foreign, wise or foolish. Treat them equally, as if they were close relatives. Do not look ahead or behind, worry about luck or disaster, or protect your own life. Seeing their suffering, feel it as your own. Deeply mournful, do not avoid danger, extreme heat or cold, hunger, thirst, or fatigue. Devote your heart entirely to saving them." Jiang Guan of the Ming Dynasty said, "The suffering of the human body is no different from mine. Whenever summoned, go quickly without delay. If only medicine is requested, send it immediately. Do not ask about nobility or poverty; focus solely on saving people."
Treating illness and saving lives, doing good and accumulating virtue, are the instructions of ancestors, clans, and teachers, a millennium-old tradition passed down in a single line.
IV. Hiding Light and Discussing Rhubarb