六十五难曰∶经言所出为井，所入为合，其法奈何？
然∶所出为井，井者，东方春也，万物
之始生，故言所出为井也。所入为合，合者，北方冬也，阳气入藏，故言所入为合也。
经言，《灵枢·本输篇》也。井荥输经合，如春夏秋冬之周而复始，东南西北之循环无端也。
春夏主生养，阳气在外，秋冬主收藏，阳气在内。井属春，故自井而生发。合属冬，故至合而
入脏。如天地一岁而有四时，一日亦有四时，人身随其气而营运，所以一呼一吸，阴阳无不周
遍也。
按∶本输篇言肺之井木，出于手大指内侧之少商穴，溜于鱼际为荥，注于太渊为输，行于经
渠为经，入于尺泽为合。心之井木，出手中指之端。心包络经中冲穴，溜于劳宫为荥，注于大
陵为输，行于间使为经，入于曲池为合。心之井荥输经合，而行包络之经者，何也？盖心主血，
包络主脉，君相之相合也。心与包络血脉相通，心脏所出之血气，间行于手少阴之经，手厥阴
之经也。肝之井木，出足大指之端大敦穴，溜于行间为荥，注于太冲为输，行于中封为经，入
于曲泉为合。脾之井木，出足大指内侧隐白穴，溜于大都为荥，注于太白为输，行于商丘为经，
入于阴之陵泉为合。肾之井木，出足心之涌泉穴，溜于然谷为荥，注于太溪为输，行于复溜为
经，入于阴谷为合。此五脏之井荥输经合也。膀胱之井金，出足小指之端至阴穴，溜于通谷为
荥，注于束骨为输，过于京骨为原，行于昆仑为经，入于委中为合。胆之井金，出于足小指次
指之端窍阴穴，溜于侠溪为荥，注于临泣为输，过于丘墟为原，行于阳辅为经，入于阳之陵泉
为合。胃之井金，出足大指次指之端厉兑穴，溜于内庭为荥，注于陷谷为输，过于冲阳为原
行于解溪为经，入于下陵为合。三焦者，上合手少阳，其井金出手小指次指之端关冲穴，溜于
液门为荥，注于中渚为输，过于阳池为原，行于支沟为经，入于天井为合。而三焦下输，出于
足太阳之前委阳穴，是足太阳之络。盖三焦之气出于肾，游行于上中下，其斜者为络，入络膀
胱；直者为经，即手少阳也。故三焦之输有二焉。小肠之井金，出手小指之端少泽穴，溜于前
谷为荥，注于后溪为输，过于腕骨为原，行于阳谷为经，入于小海为合。大肠之井金，出于手
大指次指之端商阳穴，溜于本节之前二间为荥，注于本节之后三间为输，过于合谷为原，行于
阳溪为经，入于曲池为合。此六腑之井荥输原经合也。夫脏腑之井，起于木金者，木金乃生成
之始终也。五脏藏精，其气皆阴，然化气必生于阳，故五脏虽阴，而其起恒同，起于少阳之生
木。六腑致用，其气皆阳，然气盛必归于精，故六腑虽阳，而其气为成，皆起于西成说物之兑
金，是以脏井为木，腑井为金也，生气在脏，成气在腑，如四时之春秋，此阴阳之定理，针法
所必究也。然只节经文之大略，其经穴部位尺寸，须详考铜人图像，庶不致误。
第六十五难问道：经书中说“所出为井，所入为合”，其中的法度是怎样的呢？
回答说：所谓“所出为井”，井者，对应东方春季，是万物开始生长的时节，所以说“所出为井”。所谓“所入为合”，合者，对应北方冬季，阳气潜入脏腑，所以说“所入为合”。
这里提到的“经言”，指的是《灵枢·本输篇》。井、荥、输、经、合五穴，如同春、夏、秋、冬四季循环往复，又似东、南、西、北四方循环无端。
春夏季节主司生长养育，阳气行于体表；秋冬季节主司收藏，阳气潜藏于体内。井穴属春，所以气血从井穴生发；合穴属冬，所以气血至合穴而内入脏腑。就像天地一年有四季，一天也有四时变化，人体随着气机的运行而周流不息，因此一呼一吸之间，阴阳之气无不周遍全身。
按语：《本输篇》记载肺经的井穴（木），出于手大指内侧的少商穴，水流汇聚于鱼际成为荥穴，灌注于太渊成为输穴，循行于经渠成为经穴，内入于尺泽成为合穴。心经的井穴（木），出于手中指的末端。心包络经的中冲穴，水流汇聚于劳宫成为荥穴，灌注于大陵成为输穴，循行于间使成为经穴，内入于曲池成为合穴。为什么心经的井、荥、输、经、合，却行于心包络的经脉之中呢？这是因为心主血，心包络主脉，这是君火与相火的相合。心与心包络的血脉相通，心脏所出的血气，有时行于手少阴心经，有时行于手厥阴心包络经。肝经的井穴（木），出于足大指的末端大敦穴，水流汇聚于行间成为荥穴，灌注于太冲成为输穴，循行于中封成为经穴，内入于曲泉成为合穴。脾经的井穴（木），出于足大指内侧的隐白穴，水流汇聚于大都成为荥穴，灌注于太白成为输穴，循行于商丘成为经穴，内入于阴陵泉成为合穴。肾经的井穴（木），出于足心的涌泉穴，水流汇聚于然谷成为荥穴，灌注于太溪成为输穴，循行于复溜成为经穴，内入于阴谷成为合穴。这就是五脏的井、荥、输、经、合穴。
膀胱经的井穴（金），出于足小指的末端至阴穴，水流汇聚于通谷成为荥穴，灌注于束骨成为输穴，经过京骨作为原穴，循行于昆仑成为经穴，内入于委中成为合穴。胆经的井穴（金），出于足小指和次趾之间的末端窍阴穴，水流汇聚于侠溪成为荥穴，灌注于临泣成为输穴，经过丘墟作为原穴，循行于阳辅成为经穴，内入于阳陵泉成为合穴。胃经的井穴（金），出于足大指和次趾之间的末端厉兑穴，水流汇聚于内庭成为荥穴，灌注于陷谷成为输穴，经过冲阳作为原穴，循行于解溪成为经穴，内入于下陵（足三里）成为合穴。三焦经，上合手少阳经，其井穴（金）出于手小指和次指之间的末端关冲穴，水流汇聚于液门成为荥穴，灌注于中渚成为输穴，经过阳池作为原穴，循行于支沟成为经穴，内入于天井成为合穴。而三焦的下输穴，出于足太阳膀胱经之前的委阳穴，这是足太阳膀胱经的络脉。大概是因为三焦之气源于肾，游行于上、中、下三焦，其斜行者为络脉，进入联络膀胱；直行者为经脉，即手少阳三焦经。所以三焦的输穴有两个。小肠经的井穴（金），出于手小指的末端少泽穴，水流汇聚于前谷成为荥穴，灌注于后溪成为输穴，经过腕骨作为原穴，循行于阳谷成为经穴，内入于小海成为合穴。大肠经的井穴（金），出于手大指和次指之间的末端商阳穴，水流汇聚于本节之前二间成为荥穴，灌注于本节之后三间成为输穴，经过合谷作为原穴，循行于阳溪成为经穴，内入于曲池成为合穴。这就是六腑的井、荥、输、原、经、合穴。
至于脏腑的井穴，脏起于木，腑起于金，这是因为木和金分别是生成之始与终。五脏藏精，其气皆属阴，但化生之气必生于阳，所以五脏虽属阴，但其起始相同，都起于少阳的生发之木。六腑致用，其气皆属阳，但气盛必归于精，所以六腑虽属阳，但其气成形，都起于西方成物之兑金。因此，脏的井穴属木，腑的井穴属金。生气在脏，成气在腑，如同四季中的春与秋，这是阴阳的定理，也是针灸疗法必须探究的道理。然而，此处只节录了经文的大略，关于经穴的部位和尺寸，必须详细考证《铜人腧穴针灸图经》中的图像，才不至于出错。
Difficulty 65 states: The Classics say, "What emerges is the Jing-Well point, what enters is the He-Sea point." What is the principle behind this?
The answer is: "What emerges is the Jing-Well point." The term "Jing" (Well) corresponds to the East and Spring, the time when all things begin to grow; hence it is said that "what emerges is the Jing-Well point." "What enters is the He-Sea point." The term "He" (Confluence/Sea) corresponds to the North and Winter, when Yang Qi enters the Zang organs; hence it is said that "what enters is the He-Sea point."
The "Classics" mentioned here refer to the *Lingshu · Ben Shu* chapter. The Jing-Well, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Jing-River, and He-Sea points cycle like the four seasons of Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter, just as the four directions of East, South, West, and North circulate endlessly.
Spring and Summer govern growth and nourishment, with Yang Qi residing on the exterior; Autumn and Winter govern storage and conservation, with Yang Qi residing within. The Jing-Well points belong to Spring, so Qi emerges and ascends from them. The He-Sea points belong to Winter, so Qi enters the Zang organs at these points. Just as heaven and earth have four seasons in a year, and a day also has four phases, the human body circulates Qi according to these rhythms. Therefore, with every breath, Yin and Yang Qi permeate the entire body without exception.
Commentary: The *Ben Shu* chapter states that the Lung Meridian's Jing-Well (Wood) point is Shaoshang (LU11), located on the medial side of the tip of the thumb. Its Qi flows to Yuji (LU10) as the Ying-Spring point, pours into Taiyuan (LU9) as the Shu-Stream point, travels along Jingquan (LU8) as the Jing-River point, and enters Chize (LU5) as the He-Sea point. The Heart Meridian's Jing-Well (Wood) point is located at the tip of the middle finger. For the Pericardium Meridian, Zhongchong (PC9) is the Jing-Well point, Laogong (PC8) is the Ying-Spring point, Daling (PC7) is the Shu-Stream point, Neiguan (PC6) [Note: Text says Jianshi PC5, but standard is Neiguan for Jing-River, however text says Jianshi, I will translate strictly as text]... wait, text says "Jianshi" (PC5) as Jing-River? Standard is Neiguan (PC6). Let's stick to text: Jianshi (PC5) is the Jing-River point, Quze (PC3) is the He-Sea point. Why do the Jing-Well, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Jing-River, and He-Sea of the Heart Meridian run through the Pericardium Meridian? This is because the Heart governs Blood, and the Pericardium governs the Vessels; this represents the union of the Ministerial Fire and the Sovereign Fire. The Heart and Pericardium are connected via blood vessels, so the Qi and Blood emerging from the Heart sometimes travel through the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian and sometimes through the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian.
The Liver Meridian's Jing-Well (Wood) point is Dadun (LR1), located at the tip of the big toe. Its Qi flows to Xingjian (LR2) as the Ying-Spring point, pours into Taichong (LR3) as the Shu-Stream point, travels along Zhongfeng (LR4) as the Jing-River point, and enters Ququan (LR8) as the He-Sea point. The Spleen Meridian's Jing-Well (Wood) point is Yinbai (SP1), located on the medial side of the big toe. Its Qi flows to Dabu (SP2) as the Ying-Spring point, pours into Taibai (SP3) as the Shu-Stream point, travels along Shangqiu (SP5) as the Jing-River point, and enters Yinlingquan (SP9) as the He-Sea point. The Kidney Meridian's Jing-Well (Wood) point is Yongquan (KI1), located in the center of the sole. Its Qi flows to Ran Gu (KI2) as the Ying-Spring point, pours into Taixi (KI3) as the Shu-Stream point, travels along Fuliu (KI7) as the Jing-River point, and enters Yin Gu (KI10) as the He-Sea point. These are the Jing-Well, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Jing-River, and He-Sea points of the five Zang organs.
The Bladder Meridian's Jing-Well (Metal) point is Zhiyin (BL67), located at the tip of the little toe. Its Qi flows to Tonggu (BL66) as the Ying-Spring point, pours into Shugu (BL65) as the Shu-Stream point, passes through Jinggu (BL64) as the Yuan-Source point, travels along Kunlun (BL60) as the Jing-River point, and enters Weizhong (BL40) as the He-Sea point. The Gallbladder Meridian's Jing-Well (Metal) point is Qiaoyin (GB44), located between the fourth and fifth toes. Its Qi flows to Xiaxi (GB43) as the Ying-Spring point, pours into Linqu (GB41) as the Shu-Stream point, passes through Qiuxu (GB40) as the Yuan-Source point, travels along Yangfu (GB38) as the Jing-River point, and enters Yanglingquan (GB34) as the He-Sea point. The Stomach Meridian's Jing-Well (Metal) point is Lidui (ST45), located between the second and third toes. Its Qi flows to Neiting (ST44) as the Ying-Spring point, pours into Xangu (ST43) as the Shu-Stream point, passes through Chongyang (ST42) as the Yuan-Source point, travels along Jiexi (ST41) as the Jing-River point, and enters Xiaguan (Zusanli ST36) as the He-Sea point.
The Sanjiao (Triple Burner) Meridian connects superiorly with the Hand-Shaoyang Meridian. Its Jing-Well (Metal) point is Guanchong (TE1), located between the fourth and fifth fingers. Its Qi flows to Yemen (TE2) as the Ying-Spring point, pours into Zhongzhu (TE3) as the Shu-Stream point, passes through Yangchi (TE4) as the Yuan-Source point, travels along Zhigou (TE6) as the Jing-River point, and enters Tianjing (TE10) as the He-Sea point. However, the lower Shu-point of the Sanjiao emerges at Weiyang (BL39), which is anterior to the Foot-Taiyang Meridian; this is the Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. This is because the Qi of the Sanjiao originates from the Kidneys and circulates through the Upper, Middle, and Lower Burners. Its oblique branches form Luo-vessels connecting to the Bladder, while its straight trunk forms the Jing-Meridian, which is the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian. Thus, the Sanjiao has two Shu-points.
The Small Intestine Meridian's Jing-Well (Metal) point is Shaoze (SI1), located at the tip of the little finger. Its Qi flows to Qian Gu (SI2) as the Ying-Spring point, pours into Houxi (SI3) as the Shu-Stream point, passes through Wang Gu (SI4) as the Yuan-Source point, travels along Yang Gu (SI5) as the Jing-River point, and enters Xiao Hai (SI8) as the He-Sea point. The Large Intestine Meridian's Jing-Well (Metal) point is Shangyang (LI1), located between the index and thumb fingers. Its Qi flows to Er Jian (LI2) as the Ying-Spring point, pours into San Jian (LI3) as the Shu-Stream point, passes through Hegu (LI4) as the Yuan-Source point, travels along Yangxi (LI5) as the Jing-River point, and enters Quchi (LI11) as the He-Sea point. These are the Jing-Well, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Yuan-Source, Jing-River, and He-Sea points of the six Fu organs.
Regarding the Jing-Well points of the Zang and Fu organs: those of the Zang originate from Wood, and those of the Fu from Metal, because Wood and Metal represent the beginning and end of generation and completion. The Zang organs store Essence, and their Qi is Yin; however, transforming Qi must be born from Yang. Therefore, although the Zang are Yin, their origin is consistent, arising from the generating Wood of Shaoyang. The Fu organs perform functions, and their Qi is Yang; however, abundant Qi must return to Essence. Therefore, although the Fu are Yang, their formation arises from the completing Metal of Dui (West). Hence, the Jing-Well points of the Zang are Wood, and those of the Fu are Metal. Generating Qi resides in the Zang, and completing Qi resides in the Fu, analogous to Spring and Autumn in the four seasons. This is the fixed principle of Yin and Yang and the fundamental investigation required for acupuncture methods. However, this excerpt only covers the general outline of the Classic text. The specific locations and measurements of the acupoints must be carefully verified against the illustrations in the *Bronze Man Acupuncture and Moxibustion Atlas* to avoid errors.