产后药须温暖,痧胀药惟清凉,既属相反,则方毋执一。今制方为临症法∶散痧用独活
、细辛;破血用桃仁、红花;顺气用香附、乌药、陈皮;解毒用银花、紫地丁;消食用楂、
卜、神曲、麦芽。如产后利用姜炭、肉桂以温血,痧症所禁也;痧症利用荆芥、防风以散痧
、连翘、薄荷以清热,产后不宜也。况痧症胀极。尤贵大黄、枳实、槟榔以通积滞,而产后
之药更不可用。盖痧而用温,胀者益胀,产而用冷,瘀者益瘀,惟取微温之气,则两不相妨
,更加童便以清热消瘀,岂非良法乎(革七、八)。
一产妇三日后腹绞痛,胀如臌,恶露不通。夫产后痛当在小腹,今大腹绞痛异常,非产
妇本病,脉洪数有力,兼痧无疑。先饮童便一杯,少苏,刺出毒血,痛稍定,用丝六方,痧
退而恶露通。
一产后数日,去血过多,忽寒热胀闷甚危,胀洪大无伦,念恶血去尽,不宜得此脉。视
痧筋果有红、紫二条,放过,便不复洪大,又刺指臂十余针,用革七方四服痊。
一产妇六日,遍体疼痛,寒热如疟,昏闷异常,六脉歇止,见指甲带黑,刺指七针,舌
底紫黑血一针,稍缓,用革八方四服全瘳。
小儿一时痰壅,气急不语,眼目上翻,发搐胀满,人尽作惊治不愈,速看痧筋放血,额
上现痧,急用火 ,先令痧退,然后治惊,用土五方可也,若执惊风治必死。
产后用药应当以温补为主,而治疗痧胀(因感受时行疫毒或秽浊之气,导致气血壅滞、胀闷疼痛的病证)的药物则必须清凉。既然两者的药性相反,那么处方就不应拘泥于单一法则。现在我制定临症时的组方原则:疏散痧毒用独活、细辛;破血化瘀用桃仁、红花;理顺气机用香附、乌药、陈皮;清热解毒用金银花、紫花地丁;消食导滞用山楂、萝卜子、神曲、麦芽。如果产后利用姜炭、肉桂来温通血脉,这是痧症所禁忌的;如果痧症利用荆芥、防风来疏散痧毒,连翘、薄荷来清热,这对产后是不适宜的。况且痧症胀满严重时,尤其需要大黄、枳实、槟榔来通泄积滞,而这些药物在产后更是不可使用。大概而言,痧症若用温热药,胀满会更加严重;产后若用寒凉药,瘀血会更加凝滞。只有取微温的药气,才能两者互不妨害,再加上童便(健康儿童的尿液,中医认为有滋阴降火、凉血散瘀之效)来清热消瘀,这难道不是好方法吗?(出自《革七》、《革八》篇)。
有一位产妇在分娩三天后腹部剧烈绞痛,腹部胀大如鼓,恶露(产后排出的余血浊液)不通。一般来说,产后的疼痛应当位于小腹,如今大腹异常绞痛,这不是产妇的本病,脉象洪大而数且有力,兼夹痧症无疑。先让患者饮一杯童便,症状稍缓解,针刺放出毒血,疼痛稍微安定,使用“丝六方”,痧退后恶露通畅。
另一位产妇产后数日,失血过多,突然感到寒热交替、胀闷非常危险,脉象洪大无比,考虑到恶血已去尽,不应出现这种脉象。观察发现其痧筋果然有红、紫两条,放血后,脉象便不再洪大,又针刺手指和手臂十余针,服用四次“革七方”痊愈。
还有一位产妇产后第六天,全身疼痛,寒热往来像疟疾一样,昏沉闷乱异常,六部脉搏均有歇止现象,看到指甲发黑,针刺手指七处,舌底刺出紫黑色淤血一针,症状稍缓,服用四次“革八方”完全康复。
小儿一时痰涎壅盛,气急不能言语,眼睛上翻,发生抽搐并伴有胀满,人们都当作惊风治疗却不见好转,应迅速查看是否有痧筋并放血,若额头上现出痧点,急忙用火罐拔罐,先令痧毒消退,然后再治疗惊风,可以使用“土五方”。如果固执地按惊风治疗,必定致死。
Medicines for postpartum conditions should be warm in nature, whereas medicines for Sha Zhang (a condition characterized by distension and pain due to the stagnation of Qi and blood caused by epidemic toxins or turbid pathogens) must be cooling. Since their properties are opposite, prescriptions should not adhere to a single rigid rule. The following principles are established for clinical application: To disperse Sha toxins, use *Radix Angelicae Pubescentis* (Duhuo) and *Radix Asari* (Xixin); to break blood stasis, use *Semen Persicae* (Taoren) and *Flos Carthami Tinctorii* (Honghua); to regulate Qi, use *Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi* (Xiangfu), *Fructus Linderae* (Wuyao), and *Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae* (Chenpi); to clear heat and detoxify, use *Flos Lonicerae Japonicae* (Jinyinhua) and *Herba Violae* (Zididing); to digest food, use *Fructus Crataegi* (Shanzha), *Semen Raphani* (Bolabzi), *Massa Medicata Fermentata* (Shenqu), and *Fructus Hordei Germinatus* (Maiya). If ginger charcoal and Cinnamon Twig (Rougui) are used to warm the blood after childbirth, this is contraindicated for Sha syndrome; if Schizonepeta (Jingjie) and Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng) are used to disperse Sha, and Forsythia (Lianqiao) and Mint (Bohe) to clear heat, these are unsuitable for postpartum conditions. Moreover, when Sha syndrome causes severe distension, it is crucial to use Rhubarb (Dahuang), Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi), and Areca Seed (Binglang) to unblock accumulation, which are even more contraindicated in postpartum cases. Generally, applying warming herbs to Sha syndrome will exacerbate distension, while applying cold herbs to postpartum conditions will aggravate blood stasis. Only by employing herbs with a mildly warm nature can both conditions be managed without interference. Adding human urine (Tongbian, considered to have effects of clearing heat, nourishing Yin, and dissipating stasis) to clear heat and resolve stasis is indeed an excellent method (referencing chapters "Ge 7" and "Ge 8").
A woman experienced severe abdominal cramping three days after childbirth, with her abdomen distended like a drum and lochia (postpartum discharge) obstructed. Typically, postpartum pain is located in the lower abdomen; however, the abnormal severe cramping in the large abdomen indicates this is not a typical postpartum disease. The pulse was surging, rapid, and forceful, confirming the presence of Sha syndrome. She was first given a cup of human urine to drink, after which she slightly recovered. Poisonous blood was released via acupuncture, and the pain subsided slightly. The formula "Si Liu Fang" was administered, resulting in the resolution of Sha and the patency of lochia.
Another woman, several days postpartum, had suffered excessive blood loss. Suddenly, she presented with severe alternating chills and fever, extreme distension, and oppression, appearing critically ill. Her pulse was excessively surging and large. Considering that the evil blood had been exhausted, such a pulse was inappropriate. Examination revealed two red and purple Sha veins. After releasing blood from these veins, the pulse ceased to be surging and large. Additionally, over ten acupuncture points on her fingers and arms were needled. Four doses of "Ge Qi Fang" cured her.
A puerpera on the sixth day postpartum suffered from generalized body pain, alternating chills and fever resembling malaria, and extreme lethargy and oppression. Her pulses in all six positions showed intermittent stops, and her fingernails appeared black. Seven needles were inserted into her fingers, and one needle at the sublingual area released dark purple-black blood. Her symptoms alleviated slightly. Four doses of "Ge Ba Fang" resulted in complete recovery.
In infants, sudden phlegm obstruction causing急促 breathing (Qi Ji), inability to speak, upward rolling of the eyes, convulsions, and distension are often mistakenly treated as infantile convulsion (Jing Feng) without success. One must quickly check for Sha veins and release blood. If Sha spots appear on the forehead, fire cupping (Huo Ba) should be applied urgently to first resolve the Sha. Only then should infantile convulsion be treated using "Tu Wu Fang". Adhering strictly to the treatment of infantile convulsion will inevitably lead to death.