世间多有用黄连拭口者，不知黄连大苦大寒，能损胃气。小儿初脱母胎，全赖后天脾胃
强健，岂可即以苦劣之味相犯。他日变呕变泻，不乳腹痛，长病惊劳，皆由此起。陈文中曰
∶小儿初生，便服朱砂、轻粉、白蜜、黄连，本欲下胎毒，不知此皆伤脾败阳之药，轻粉损
心，朱砂损神，儿实者服之软弱，弱者服之易伤，反致变生诸害，不可不察，真至言也。
小儿初生，两乳必有饼子，须时常揉撮，捏去乳汁，以散为度，否则肿硬成毒。如初生
洗浴时，即将两乳头各捏一把，便无此患。
小儿初生，肌肤未实，腠理未密，宜用旧絮护其背。不可太暖，致令出汗，使表虚易受
外邪。
小儿双盈月后，若遇晴和天气，令乳母抱儿数见天日，则血气刚强，肌肉致密，可耐风
露。若浓衣暖被，藏于重帏密室，则筋骨软脆，不任风寒，多易致病。所以贫儿坚劲无疾，
富儿柔脆多灾，譬诸草木方生，以物覆盖紧密，不令见风日雨露，则萎黄柔弱矣。
小儿衣裳被衲，日晒日收，不宜在外过夜。书云∶天上有飞星恶鸟，不可干犯，小儿染
着戾气，生无辜疾，啼叫不绝，须即换下所着衣服，醋炭烘之，太阳 之。
小儿肠胃细嫩如葱，乳哺不宜过饱。陈氏所谓∶耐三分寒，吃七分饱，频揉肚，少洗澡
，要背暖肚暖，头凉心胸凉。皆至论也。又须令乳母预慎七情、浓味、炙爆，则乳汁宁净，
儿不致疾。
小儿乳哺须要得法。乳者奶也、哺者食也。乳后不可便与食，哺后不可便与乳，乳食相
连，难以克化，大者成癖疳，小者泄痢腹疼。
凡乳儿先须 去宿乳少许，然后与儿吮之。乳亦不可过饱，饱则溢而成呕吐。若乳来
多，急取出，馁后再乳，夏月不去热乳，冬月不去寒乳，令儿泻痢，不可不慎。
凡乳母卧寐，母当以臂枕之，令儿头与乳相平。母欲睡着时，即夺其乳，恐其不知饱足
，亦致呕吐。若父母交合之间，儿卧于侧，或惊醒啼起，不可即与乳吮，盖气乳未定，恐致
杀儿也。
小儿饮食有任意偏好者，无不致病。所谓爽口味多终作疾也。极宜慎之。尝见王隐君曰
∶余幼时酷嗜甘饴，忽一日，见饴中有蚯蚓伸头而出，自此不敢食饴。至长、始知长上为之
。此可为节戒之妙法。
小儿始生，肌肤未实，宜单衣不宜暖衣，暖则筋骨软弱，易发疮疡。宜旧絮不宜新棉，
新则汗出表虚，易受寒邪。宜见地气，宜见风日，不见地气、风日，则肌肤柔软，易得损伤
。尝见富贵之家，重茵叠被，日在怀抱中，虽数岁亦未能行。而田舍小儿，终日暴露，或饥
或寒，绝无他病。譬如草木生于深山峻谷及大泽中，容易合抱，至园圃奇材异卉，纵加培拥
，多有秀而不实者，岂贵贱之理有异哉。
《小儿精要》云∶初生小儿不得用油腻手包裹，春忌覆顶裹足，夏忌饮冷食冰，冬忌炙
衣被。要得小儿安，常带几分饥与寒，真至言也。
小儿肠胃脆窄，若稠粘、干硬、酸咸、辛辣之物及一切鱼肉、水果、湿面、烧炙、煨炒
、煎爆，俱是发热难化之食，皆宜禁绝。乳妇无知，畏其啼哭，无所不与，积成痼疾，虽悔
何及！语云∶惜儿须惜食，记之，记之！《养子真诀》云∶吃热莫吃冷，吃软莫吃硬，吃少
莫
世间许多人有用黄连擦拭婴儿口腔的做法，却不知道黄连味极苦且性大寒，会损伤胃气。小儿刚刚脱离母体，完全依赖后天脾胃的强健，怎么可以用这种苦涩劣质的味道去触犯它。日后出现呕吐、腹泻、不吃奶、腹痛，以及长大后患病、惊悸、虚劳等症状，都是由此引起的。陈文中说：小儿刚出生，就服用朱砂、轻粉、白蜜、黄连，本意是想排出胎毒，却不知道这些都是损伤脾脏、败坏阳气的药物。轻粉损伤心脏，朱砂损伤神志，体质强壮的孩子服用后会变得软弱，体质虚弱的孩子服用后容易受伤，反而导致产生各种危害，不能不仔细考察，这真是至理名言。
小儿刚出生时，两个乳房部位必然有“饼子”（指因受母体激素影响导致的乳腺肿大），必须经常揉搓，挤出乳汁，以消散为度，否则就会肿胀变硬形成毒疮。如果在给新生儿洗澡时，就将两个乳头各捏一把，就不会有这个祸患。
小儿刚出生时，肌肤尚未结实，腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）尚未致密，应该用旧棉絮保护背部。不可以太暖，致使出汗，使体表虚弱容易受到外邪侵袭。
小儿满月以后，如果遇到晴朗温和的天气，让乳母抱着孩子多见见太阳，那么血气就会刚强，肌肉就会致密，能够耐受风露。如果穿着厚衣服盖着暖被子，藏在多层帷幔的密室里，那么筋骨就会软脆，承受不了风寒，很容易生病。所以贫苦人家的孩子坚强少病，富贵人家的孩子柔脆多灾，就像草木刚生长出来，如果用东西紧密覆盖，不让它们见到风日雨露，那么就会萎黄柔弱。
小儿的衣裳被褥，要日晒夜收，不宜在外面过夜。书上说：天上有飞星恶鸟，不可冒犯，小儿沾染了戾气，生出无辜的疾病，啼哭不止，必须立即换下所穿的衣服，用醋和炭火烘烤，再用太阳晒。
小儿肠胃细嫩像葱一样，哺乳喂养不宜过饱。陈氏所说的：耐三分寒，吃七分饱，经常揉肚子，少洗澡，要背暖肚暖，头凉心胸凉。都是至理名言。还必须让乳母预先谨慎对待七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）、浓味（味道厚重的食物）、炙爆（油炸烧烤的食物），这样乳汁才能清净，孩子才不会生病。
小儿哺乳喂养必须讲究方法。乳是奶，哺是食。喂奶后不可以立刻给食物，喂食后不可以立刻喂奶，乳食相连，难以消化，大的会成为癖积疳疾，小的会导致泄泻痢疾腹痛。
凡是哺乳婴儿，必须先挤掉少许宿乳，然后才让孩子吮吸。乳汁也不可以喂得过饱，饱了就会溢出导致呕吐。如果乳汁来势很急，要赶紧取出来，等缓下来后再喂，夏天不去除热乳，冬天不去除寒乳，会导致孩子泄泻痢疾，不可不谨慎。
凡是乳母睡觉时，母亲应当用手臂垫托，让孩子头部与乳房持平。母亲想要睡着时，就要把乳头拿出来，恐怕孩子不知道吃饱，也会导致呕吐。如果父母行房事时，孩子在旁边躺着，或者惊醒啼哭起来，不可以立刻给孩子喂奶吮吸，因为此时气乳未定，恐怕会导致孩子死亡。
小儿饮食如果有任意偏好的，没有不致病的。所谓爽口美味的东西多了终究会生病。非常需要谨慎。曾经见到王隐君说：我小时候酷嗜甜食，忽然有一天，看见糖里有蚯蚓伸头出来，从此不敢吃糖。等到长大，才知道是长辈故意做的。这可以作为节制戒除嗜好的一种巧妙方法。
小儿刚出生，肌肤尚未结实，宜穿单衣不宜穿暖衣，穿暖了筋骨就会软弱，容易发疮疡。宜用旧棉絮不宜用新棉花，新棉花会导致出汗表虚，容易受寒邪。宜接触地气，宜见风日，不见地气、风日，那么肌肤柔软，容易得损伤。曾经见到富贵人家，铺垫厚重，整天抱在怀里，即使几岁了还不能行走。而田舍间的小儿，整天暴露在外，有时饥饿有时寒冷，却绝无其他疾病。譬如草木生长在深山峻谷和大泽中，容易长到合抱粗，到了园圃里的奇材异卉，纵然加以培拥，多有开花不结果的，难道贵贱的道理有差异吗？
《小儿精要》说：初生小儿不能用油腻的手包裹，春天忌讳覆盖头顶包裹脚，夏天忌讳喝冷饮吃冰，冬天忌讳烤热的衣被。要想小儿平安，常带几分饥与寒，真是至理名言。
小儿肠胃脆窄，如果稠粘、干硬、酸咸、辛辣的食物以及一切鱼肉、水果、湿面、烧炙、煨炒、煎爆，都是发热难消化的食物，都应该禁止绝食。乳妇无知，怕孩子啼哭，什么都给，积成顽固疾病，虽然后悔又有什么用呢！俗话说：爱惜孩子就要爱惜他的饮食，记住，记住！《养子真诀》说：吃热的不吃冷的，吃软的不吃硬的，吃少的不要……
Many people in the world use Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) to wipe the mouth, not knowing that Huanglian is extremely bitter and greatly cold, which can damage Stomach Qi. A newborn infant, having just left the maternal womb, relies entirely on the strength of the acquired Post-Heaven Spleen and Stomach; how can one offend it with such a bitter and inferior taste? Vomiting, diarrhea, refusal to nurse, abdominal pain later in life, as well as prolonged illness, convulsions, and consumptive fatigue, all arise from this. Chen Wenzhong said: When a child is first born, administering Zhusha (Cinnabar), Qingfen (Calomel), white honey, and Huanglian aims to purge fetal toxins, but these are actually medicines that injure the Spleen and deplete Yang. Qingfen damages the Heart, Zhusha damages the Spirit; if administered to a robust child, they become weak, and if given to a frail child, they are easily injured, thereby causing various harms. This must be carefully examined; it is truly a profound truth.
When a newborn is first born, there will inevitably be "cake-like" swellings (gynecomastia due to maternal hormones) on both breasts. These must be frequently massaged and squeezed to express milk until they dissipate; otherwise, they will swell, harden, and become toxic sores. If, during the initial bathing of the newborn, each nipple is squeezed once, this trouble can be avoided.
A newborn's skin and flesh are not yet solid, and the Couli (pores and interstices) are not yet dense. Old cotton wadding should be used to protect the back. One should not keep them too warm to the point of sweating, which would make the exterior deficient and susceptible to external pathogenic factors.
After two months of age, if the weather is clear and mild, the wet nurse should hold the child to expose them to sunlight. Then the Blood and Qi will become strong, muscles dense, and able to withstand wind and dew. If dressed in thick clothes and covered with warm quilts, hidden in multi-layered curtains and sealed rooms, the bones and sinews will become soft and brittle, unable to endure wind and cold, making them prone to disease. Thus, poor children are tough and free from illness, while rich children are fragile and prone to disaster. It is like plants newly sprouted; if covered tightly by objects so as not to see wind, sun, or rain, they will become yellow, withered, and weak.
Children's clothes and bedding should be sun-dried daily and collected at night; they should not be left outside overnight. Books state: Do not offend the flying stars and evil birds in the sky. If a child contracts pestilential Qi and develops innocent diseases, crying incessantly, the worn clothes must be immediately removed, baked with vinegar and charcoal, and then exposed to the sun.
A child's intestines and stomach are tender like green onions; breastfeeding and feeding should not be excessive. As Mr. Chen said: Endure a little cold, eat only seven-tenths full, frequently rub the belly, bathe less, keep the back and belly warm, and the head and chest cool. These are all profound truths. Furthermore, the wet nurse must prudently avoid the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Pensiveness, Sadness, Fear, Fright), heavy flavors, and fried/roasted foods, so that the breast milk remains pure and the child does not fall ill.
Infant feeding requires proper method. "Ru" refers to milk, "Bu" refers to food. After nursing, one should not immediately give food; after feeding, one should not immediately nurse. Continuous intake of milk and food makes digestion difficult, leading to accumulations and malnutrition syndromes in older infants, or diarrhea, dysentery, and abdominal pain in younger ones.
Before nursing, a small amount of retained milk should be expressed, and then the child may suck. Milk should not be fed to excess, as overfilling causes overflow and vomiting. If the milk flow is too rapid, it should be extracted quickly, and feeding resumed when it slows down. In summer, failing to remove hot milk, and in winter, failing to remove cold milk, will cause diarrhea and dysentery; caution is essential.
When the wet nurse sleeps, she should support her arm so that the child's head is level with the breast. When the mother feels sleepy, she should withdraw the nipple, lest the child fail to recognize satiety, also leading to vomiting. If parents engage in intercourse while the child lies nearby, or if the child wakes up startled and cries, one must not immediately offer the breast for sucking. At this time, the Qi and milk are unsettled, which may endanger the child's life.
Children who have arbitrary dietary preferences will inevitably fall ill. It is said that overly palatable foods ultimately cause disease. Extreme caution is required. Wang Yinjun once said: "In my youth, I had a strong craving for sweet maltose. One day, I saw an earthworm sticking its head out of the maltose, and since then, I dared not eat it. Growing up, I realized this was done by my elders. This serves as a wonderful method for restraint."
Newborns have unsolidified skin and flesh; single-layer clothing is preferable to warm clothing. Warmth leads to soft bones and sinews and predisposes to sores and ulcers. Old cotton wadding is preferable to new cotton. New cotton induces sweating and exterior deficiency, making one susceptible to cold pathogens. Exposure to ground Qi and wind/sunlight is beneficial. Lack thereof results in soft skin prone to injury. I have seen wealthy families using thick mats and quilts, holding children in their arms all day, so that even at several years old, the children cannot walk. In contrast, rural children exposed to the elements all day, sometimes hungry or cold, suffer no other illnesses. It is like trees growing in deep mountains and large marshes, which easily grow to trunk thickness, whereas exotic plants in gardens, despite cultivation, often flower without fruit. Is there really a difference in the principles of nobility and baseness?
The *Xiao'er Jingyao* states: Do not wrap a newborn with oily hands. In spring, avoid covering the head and wrapping the feet; in summer, avoid cold drinks and ice; in winter, avoid heated clothing and bedding. To ensure a child's peace, let them retain a degree of hunger and cold; this is truly a profound truth.
Children's intestines and stomachs are fragile and narrow. Thick, sticky, dry, hard, sour, salty, spicy foods, as well as all meat, fish, fruits, wet dough, roasted, simmered, stir-fried, pan-fried, and deep-fried items, are all heat-producing and hard-to-digest foods that should be strictly prohibited. Ignorant wet nurses, fearing the child's crying, give everything, accumulating chronic diseases. What good is regret then! The saying goes: To cherish a child is to cherish their diet. Remember, remember! The *Yangzi Zhenjue* states: Eat hot, not cold; eat soft, not hard; eat less, not...