发热之初，寒热往来，咳嗽喷嚏，鼻塞声重，且流清涕，其症与伤寒无异；但麻症则眼
胞略肿，目泪汪洋，面浮腮赤，恶心干呕，此为异耳。若见此症，必是麻疹。须宜谨风寒，
节饮食，避厌秽，戒荤酒，忌辛热，用药表散，使肌肤通畅，腠理开张，或身有微汗，则邪
从汗解，而毒则易出耳。热至三日麻当出矣，一日出三遍，三日出九遍，至六日间当出尽矣
。及出至足，头面将收，收靥之处其热即退。疹子渐次收下，热亦渐次而退。至八九日麻始
收齐，而热乃退尽矣。若发不出者固危，出不尽者亦险，出而旋收者更险，治之其可缓乎！
或热或退而无他症者轻，头面不出者轻，出透三日而后渐收者轻，红活润泽头面匀净而
多者轻。红紫惨暗干焦不润者重，移热大肠变痢者重。黑暗干枯一出即没者难治，鼻青粪黑
者难治，鼻扇口张目无神光者难治，胸高气喘心前扇动者难治。
一眼白赤色，声哑唇肿，心烦口渴，腰腹疼痛，口鼻出血，人事不清，大小便秘，狂乱
不宁，舌苔黄黑，口气腥臭，此名闭症。毒滞于中而不得出，将作内攻，最危候也。急以清
毒解表汤主之。若疹能出可救，疹不能出难救。方用升麻、防风、荆芥、麻黄、连翘、牛蒡
、桔梗、石膏、知母、黄芩、黄连、蝉蜕、麦冬、甘草，水煎服。
一麻症鼻出血者毒重，口出血者毒尤重，口鼻血出不必止住，血出则热毒解散矣。初起
手足心如火热者毒亦重。初起失于清解，则热蕴于胃，口鼻腥臭，必生牙疳。毒入大肠，则
成痼痢。发表太过，元气损伤则成疳积。若或失治于前，则必贻患于后，虽明初发之轻重，
宜顾后来之生死，虽谓麻也只详于前，而可不思其后乎。
一感风热而出麻者，俗谓飘麻，此皮肤小恙，不致伤人，只散风清热而即愈矣。
一小儿初生，弥月之内而出麻者，俗谓胎麻，可不药而愈。
发热初期，出现寒热往来、咳嗽喷嚏、鼻塞声音沉重且流清涕等症状，这些表现与伤寒无异；但麻疹患者则眼睑略微肿胀，眼泪汪汪，面部浮肿腮部发红，恶心干呕，这才是两者的区别。如果见到这些症状，必定是麻疹。应当注意防风防寒，节制饮食，避开污秽之气，戒除荤腥和酒类，忌食辛辣温热食物，用药进行解表发散，使肌肤通畅，腠理开张，或者身体有微微出汗，那么邪气就会随汗而解，毒邪也就容易透发出来。发热到第三天麻疹应当发出，第一天出三遍，第三天出九遍，到第六天之间应当出尽。等到疹子发到足部，头面部的疹子开始收敛，收敛之处热度随即消退。疹子逐渐收回，热度也渐渐消退。到了第八九天麻疹才完全收齐，热度才完全退尽。如果发不出来固然危险，发不彻底也有风险，发出来又马上收回的更危险，治疗岂能迟缓！
或者热度时高时低而没有其他严重症状的病情较轻，头面部不出疹的病情较轻，疹子透出三天后逐渐收敛的病情较轻，疹色红活润泽、分布均匀且数量多的病情较轻。疹色红紫惨暗、干燥焦枯不润泽的病情重，热邪移入大肠变成痢疾的病情重。疹色黑暗干枯、一出即隐没的难治，鼻翼青色、大便黑色的难治，鼻翼扇动、张口呼吸、眼神无光的难治，胸部高耸、气喘、心前区搏动明显的难治。
一眼白呈赤色，声音嘶哑嘴唇肿胀，心烦口渴，腰腹疼痛，口鼻出血，神志不清，大小便闭塞，狂乱不安，舌苔黄黑，口气腥臭，这叫做闭症。毒邪阻滞于体内无法透出，即将内攻脏腑，是最危险的证候。急用清热解毒解表汤主治。如果疹子能透发出来还可以救治，疹子不能透发出来就难以救治。方剂组成：升麻、防风、荆芥、麻黄、连翘、牛蒡子、桔梗、石膏、知母、黄芩、黄连、蝉蜕、麦冬、甘草，水煎服。
麻疹患者出现鼻出血的，说明毒邪较重；口出血的，毒邪尤其重。口鼻出血不必强行止住，血出则热毒随之解散。初起时手足心像火烧一样热的，毒邪也重。初起时失于清热解毒，则热邪蕴结在胃，口鼻腥臭，必然生牙疳（牙龈溃烂）。毒邪进入大肠，则形成久痢。发表太过，损伤元气则形成疳积。如果在前期失治，必然会在后期留下祸患，虽然明确了初发的轻重，应该顾及后来的生死，既然论述麻疹如此详细于前期，难道可以不思考后期的后果吗？
At the initial stage of fever, there is alternating chills and fever (Han Re Wang Lai), coughing, sneezing, nasal congestion with heavy voice, and clear runny nose; these symptoms are indistinguishable from Taiyang disease (Taiyang Bing, a syndrome caused by pathogenic factors attacking the Taiyang meridian). However, in measles, the eyelids are slightly swollen, eyes are watery, face is puffy with red cheeks, nausea and dry heaving occur; this is the difference. If these symptoms are seen, it must be measles. One must strictly avoid wind and cold, regulate diet, avoid foul odors, abstain from meat and alcohol, and avoid pungent and hot foods. Medication should be used to release the exterior (Biao San), making the skin smooth and pores open. If there is slight sweating, the pathogenic factor will be resolved through sweat, and the toxin will be easily expelled. By the third day of fever, the rash should appear. On the first day, it appears three times; on the third day, nine times; by the sixth day, it should be fully erupted. When the rash reaches the feet and the head/face begins to recede, the heat subsides at the sites of recession. As the rash gradually recedes, the heat also gradually subsides. By the eighth or ninth day, the measles completely recede, and the heat fully dissipates. If it fails to erupt, it is critical; if it does not erupt completely, it is dangerous; if it erupts and then immediately recedes, it is even more dangerous. How can treatment be delayed!
If the fever fluctuates without other severe symptoms, the condition is mild. If the head and face do not show the rash, the condition is mild. If the rash is fully erupted for three days before gradually receding, the condition is mild. If the rash is bright red, lively, moist, evenly distributed on the face, and abundant, the condition is mild. If the rash is dark red/purple, dull, dry, scorched, and unmoistened, the condition is severe. If heat transfers to the Large Intestine causing dysentery, the condition is severe. If the rash is dark/black, dry, and vanishes immediately upon appearing, it is difficult to treat. If the nose is blue and stool is black, it is difficult to treat. If there is nasal flaring, mouth breathing, and lack of spirit in the eyes, it is difficult to treat. If the chest is high and distended with panting and precordial pulsation, it is difficult to treat.
If the whites of the eyes are red, voice is hoarse, lips are swollen, heart is vexed and thirsty, waist and abdomen hurt, bleeding occurs from mouth and nose, consciousness is unclear, urination and defecation are blocked, restlessness and mania occur, tongue coating is yellow/black, and breath is fishy/foul, this is called Bi Syndrome (Closed Syndrome). Toxin is stagnant inside and cannot exit, about to attack the interior organs; this is the most critical prognosis. Urgently use Qing Du Jie Biao Tang (Clear Toxin Release Exterior Decoction) as the main formula. If the rash can erupt, it is salvageable; if it cannot erupt, it is unsalvageable. Formula: Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Spica), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba), Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Chan Tui (Cicadae Periostracum), Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). Decoct in water and take orally.
Measles patients with epistaxis have heavy toxin; those with oral bleeding have even heavier toxin. Bleeding from mouth and nose need not be stopped forcibly; blood loss allows heat and toxin to disperse. If palms and soles feel like burning fire at the onset, the toxin is also heavy. If early clearing and resolving are neglected, heat accumulates in the Stomach, causing foul breath from mouth/nose, inevitably leading to Ya Gan (dental gangrene/gum ulceration). Toxin entering the Large Intestine leads to chronic dysentery. Over-releasing the exterior damages Yuan Qi (Primary Qi), leading to Gan Ji (infantile malnutrition/digestive disorder). Neglect in the early stage inevitably causes trouble later. Although one clarifies the severity at onset, one must consider survival later. Since measles are detailed regarding the early stage, how can one ignore the aftermath?
When measles are triggered by Wind-Heat, commonly called Piao Ma (Floating Measles), this is a minor skin ailment that does not endanger life; simply dispersing wind and clearing heat leads to recovery.
When an infant develops measles within the first month after birth, commonly called Tai Ma (Fetal Measles), it can heal without medication.