张子霞 先生讳廉。字通源。为我邑名贡士。天资高迈而性耽经史。旁及艺术。屡不得志于
名场
也。夫麻疹莫醇于金鉴。赵氏既集为汇补。而谢氏又有七十二症之书。则金鉴
之阐注。似可不作顾乃以简约烦琐变易之故。而必疏解而融贯之。并
先示以读书之法。先生盖有深意焉。乡里鲰生。以医师自命。凡疾病之临门者。无论症之平
险。每不肯以不知辞。而平日于岐黄家言。或未尽见。即见之而简约者不能扩充。烦琐者不
能审择。变易者。不能条贯。则仍即其平生耳食之谬说。卤莽灭裂而治之。而民命遂等于草
芥。阐注之作。所以教人读医书。固不第为麻科者言也。而麻科之精且详。卒非他书所能及
。顾是书向无硬板。郦子非 先生曾为校订。拟刻不果。往岁春夏。麻症多危。其侄孙蕙坡
在越。以霞 先生族侄辑园语及。遂从家邮致。与其尊甫紫庭叔耶 从弟重皋分参而登诸梨
枣。嘱予一言以志其巅末云。
道光二十有八年岁次戊申孟夏之月后学煦斋徐渐逵书于蠡城试寓
张子。诸暨老宿也。博通经史。工举业。善古文词。一时经其口授指书者。皆有名于时。掇
巍科而去者岁有之。所着书积高至三四尺许。皆明理学。辨是非。论治乱。有关身心性命天下
国家
之言。旁及艺术小数。无不曲通其旨。浦阳戴太史东珊先生。题其孝感里志。曰非张子之积
学有素。精心果力。其孰能是。赵子耀绪题其章氏季汉书评曰。张子惟熟于肃常郝经谢少连
之书。故知章氏之书为独善。然非有才学识三长。虽熟于三子之书。不能知其善。何能言其
所
以善。朱子得章氏而其义益彰。章氏得张子而其意始显。赵子思恭题其春秋说曰。六通四辟
之论。如万斛源泉。自天而下。飞沫溅衣。令人不敢逼视。文十年次于厥
貉以后。多右楚左晋。是先生独具手眼处。孝廉蒋子锦川题其文集曰。张子学宗新建。文学
老苏。皆能升堂而入其室。故其所言多可为世用。是数子皆知张子之深者。世人谓张子不幸
而穷故着书。不知不穷不足以着书。张子之不幸。后人之幸也。近年吾暨麻疹大剧。诸医
束
手。谢不治者。问之张子。应手而愈。人咸神之。请其秘方。张子曰。方无秘。方有秘。方之
所
以穷也。出其阐注御定医宗金鉴麻疹。授之曰。读其书。得其意。忘其言。庶几有豸乎。人
珍为
拱璧。恐积久残毁不传。即传。抄录不广。为惠有限。以余颇明岐黄。又为张子老友。嘱言
其本
末。付梓以公诸世。余览之废卷而叹曰。此张子之绪余也，乌足珍。虽然。绪余验则其诸书
之足为世用也益信。张子谓谁。水霞廉通源霞溪也。
道光二年十月同学弟寿椿怀玉书
张霞溪先生，名廉，字通源，是我县著名的贡生。他天资聪颖超群，性格酷爱经史典籍，同时也涉猎各种技艺。他在科举仕途上屡次失意。
麻疹方面的著作，没有比《医宗金鉴》更纯正的了。赵氏已经将其汇编补充，而谢氏又有《七十二症》一书。那么，《医宗金鉴》的阐注似乎可以不必作了。但是鉴于原文简约、繁琐、变易的特点，必须对其进行疏解并融会贯通，并且先展示读书的方法。先生这里面有着深意啊。
我乡里卑微的后学，以医师自居。凡是疾病找上门来的，无论病症是平稳还是险恶，总是不肯以“不知道”来推辞。然而平日里对于岐黄家的医学言论，有的未能全部见到；即使见到了，对于简约的内容不能加以扩充，对于繁琐的内容不能审慎选择，对于变易的内容不能条理贯通。于是仍然沿用平生道听途说的谬误说法，鲁莽草率地进行治疗，百姓的生命便等同于草芥。撰写《阐注》，是为了教导人们如何阅读医书，不仅仅是为了麻疹科医生而言。而且麻疹科的精妙详尽，终究不是其他书籍所能比及的。
这本书向来没有刻印成硬板书。郦非先生曾经进行校订，打算刻印但未果。往年春夏季节，麻疹病情多危重。他的侄孙蕙坡在越地，通过族侄辑园转达了霞溪先生的话语，于是从家中邮寄出来，由他的父亲紫庭叔父以及堂弟重皋共同参校，然后刊刻出版（登诸梨枣），嘱咐我说写几句话来记录事情的始末。
道光二十八年岁次戊申孟夏之月，后学煦斋徐渐逵在蠡城考场寓所书写。
张先生，是诸暨的老前辈。他博通经史，擅长八股文和古文辞赋。当时经他口头传授、指点书法的人，都在当时有名气。每年都有人考取高第功名离去。他所著的书籍堆积起来高达三四尺左右，都是关于明辨理学、辨别是非、论述治乱、关乎身心性命以及国家天下的言论，同时也旁及技艺和小道，无不透彻理解其宗旨。浦阳的戴太史东珊先生，为他的《孝感里志》题词说：“如果不是张先生平日积累学问深厚，精心果断有力，谁能做到这样呢？”赵耀绪先生为他的《章氏季汉书评》题词说：“张先生唯独熟悉肃常、郝经、谢少连的书，所以知道章氏的书是独善其身的。然而如果没有才、识、学三长，虽然熟悉这三人的书，也不能知道它好在哪里，怎么能说出它好的原因呢？朱子得到了章氏的书，其中的义理更加彰显；章氏的书得到了张先生的阐释，其中的意旨才开始显明。”赵思恭先生为他的《春秋说》题词说：“六通四辟的论述，像万斛泉水从天而下，飞溅的水沫打湿衣服，让人不敢直视。文公十年次于厥貉之后，大多尊楚贬晋，这是先生独具慧眼的地方。”孝廉蒋锦川先生为他的文集题词说：“张先生的学问尊崇新建（王阳明学派），文学效法老苏（苏轼），都能登堂入室。所以他所说的话大多可以被世人所用。”这几个人都是深知张先生的人。世人认为张先生不幸处于困顿境地所以才著书，却不知道不处于困顿境地不足以著书。张先生的不幸，是后人的幸运。
近年来我们诸暨麻疹大流行，各位医生束手无策，谢绝不治。有人去问张先生，他出手就能治愈。人们都把他视为神人，请求他的秘方。张先生说：“方子没有秘密，方子有秘密。方子的穷尽之处，在于出示《阐注御定医宗金鉴麻疹》给他，告诉他：‘读那本书，领会它的意思，忘掉它的言辞，大概就有希望了吧。’”人们珍视它如同拱璧，担心时间久了残毁失传。即使流传，抄录也不广泛，带来的恩惠有限。因为我颇通岐黄医术，又是张先生的老友，嘱咐我讲述事情的本末，付梓印刷以公之于世。我看完后放下书卷感叹道：“这只是张先生的余绪罢了，哪里值得珍视呢？尽管如此，余绪既然有效，那么他那些著作足以被世人所用的事实就更加可信了。”张先生是谁？就是水霞、廉、通源、霞溪啊。
道光二年十月，同学弟寿椿怀玉书写。
Mr. Zhang Xiaxi, whose given name was Lian and courtesy name Tongyuan, was a distinguished Gongsheng (a scholar who passed the provincial examination) from our county. He possessed superior natural intelligence and a nature deeply devoted to the Classics and History, extending also to various arts and skills. However, he experienced repeated frustration in the official career arena.
Regarding measles, no work is more orthodox than the *Yizong Jinjian* (Imperial Collection of Medical Formulas). Although Mr. Zhao had already compiled and supplemented it, and Mr. Xie had written the book on "Seventy-Two Syndromes," an annotation for the *Jinjian* seemed unnecessary. Nevertheless, due to the characteristics of being concise, cumbersome, and variable in the original text, it was necessary to elucidate and integrate them, and first to demonstrate methods for reading books. The Master had profound intentions here.
I, a humble junior from this village, styled myself as a physician. Whenever diseases came to my door, regardless of whether the syndrome was mild or critical, I was unwilling to decline by saying "I do not know." However, regarding the medical theories of Qihuang (the Yellow Emperor and Shennong), sometimes I had not seen all of them; even if I had seen them, I could not expand upon the concise contents, could not carefully select from the cumbersome contents, and could not organize the variable contents. Thus, I still relied on erroneous hearsay accumulated over my life, treating patients recklessly and crudely, causing people's lives to be treated like grass and mustard seeds. The creation of this *Annotation* is intended to teach people how to read medical books, not merely speaking for those specializing in measles. Moreover, the precision and detail of the measles specialty are ultimately beyond the reach of other books.
This book had never been printed on hard woodblocks. Mr. Li Fei had previously proofread it with the intention of printing it, but it did not come to fruition. In previous years, during spring and summer, many cases of measles were critical. His nephew Hui Po, while in Yue, conveyed words from his clan cousin Jiyuan regarding Mr. Xia. Thus, the manuscript was sent from home via postal service. It was jointly reviewed by his father, Uncle Ziting, and his younger brother Chonggao, and then published (printed on pear and jujube woodblocks). They requested me to write a few words to record the beginning and end of this matter.
In the first month of the year Wushen (1848), Xu Jiankui, a junior learner, wrote this at his lodging in the examination hall of Licity.
Master Zhang was a senior figure in Zhuji. He was well-versed in the Classics and History, skilled in the eight-legged essay and classical prose. Those who received his oral instruction and calligraphy guidance at that time all became famous. Every year, some would achieve high ranks in the imperial examinations and depart. His collected writings piled up to a height of three or four chi, all discussing the clarification of Neo-Confucianism, the distinction between right and wrong, the discussion of order and chaos, and matters concerning physical and mental life as well as the state and nation. He also extended to minor arts and skills, thoroughly understanding their purports. Dai Dongshan, a Taishi (Grand Secretary) from Puyang, inscribed his *Ganxiao Village Chronicle*, saying: "If Master Zhang did not have a solid accumulation of learning and careful, resolute effort, who could accomplish this?" Zhao Yaoxu inscribed his *Commentary on Zhang's Book of the Late Han Dynasty*, saying: "Master Zhang was only familiar with the works of Suchang, Hao Jing, and Xie Shaolian, therefore he knew that Zhang's book was uniquely excellent. However, without the three virtues of talent, insight, and learning, even if familiar with these three men's books, one could not know why they are good, nor could one explain why they are good. When Zhu Xi obtained Zhang's book, its principles became more manifest; when Zhang's book obtained Master Zhang's commentary, its meaning began to appear." Si Gong inscribed his *Explanation of the Spring and Autumn Annals*, saying: "The discussions on comprehensive penetration and open-mindedness flow down from heaven like a spring containing ten thousand hu of water, splashing droplets onto clothes, making people dare not look directly. After the event at Juehe in the tenth year of Duke Wen, there is a tendency to favor Chu and oppose Jin; this is where the Master possesses unique vision." Jiang Jinchuan, a Xiaolian (filial and incorrupt candidate), inscribed his literary collection, saying: "Master Zhang's learning follows the Xinjian school (Wang Yangming's philosophy), and his literature emulates Old Su (Su Shi); both allow him to enter the inner chambers of mastery. Therefore, what he says can mostly be used by the world." These several individuals deeply understood Master Zhang. People say that Master Zhang was unfortunate in his poverty, which led him to write books; they do not know that without such misfortune, writing books would not be sufficient. Master Zhang's misfortune is the fortune of later generations.
In recent years, measles erupted severely in our Zhuji. Various physicians held back their hands [were helpless], refusing to treat. When asked about this, Master Zhang cured them upon contact. People regarded him as divine and requested his secret prescriptions. Master Zhang said: "Prescriptions have no secrets, yet prescriptions have secrets. The limit of prescriptions lies in presenting the *Annotated Imperial Collection of Medical Formulas on Measles* to them, instructing them: 'Read the book, grasp its intent, forget its words, and perhaps there will be hope.' People treasured it like an arch-shaped jade bi, fearing that over time it would decay and not be transmitted. Even if transmitted, copying was not widespread, limiting the benefit. Since I am quite knowledgeable in Qihuang medicine and am an old friend of Master Zhang, he instructed me to recount the origins and details, to be printed and made public to the world. Upon reading it, I put down the scroll and sighed: 'This is merely the surplus of Master Zhang's work; how could it be precious? Nevertheless, since the surplus is effective, it further confirms that his other works are indeed useful to the world.' Who is Master Zhang? It is Shuixia, Lian, Tongyuan, Xiaxi."
Written in the tenth month of the second year of Daoguang (1822) by fellow student Shouchun Huaiyu.