王应麟曰。皇 简要济众方五卷。皇 中。仁宗谓辅臣曰。外无善医。其令太医。简圣惠方之要者。颁下诸
道。仍敕长吏拯济。令医官使周应编。三年颁行。
按弟坚曰。是书。陈晃二氏。并不着录。惟唐慎微刘完素书引之。而朝鲜国医方类聚。载脏腑一类。其方出
圣惠者。仅薏苡散。酸
枣人丸。 砂丸三方。余皆彼书所无。不知何故也。平胃散一方。世为出局方。不知其本于是书。自余诸方。亦
多可资用者矣。
〔司马氏（光）医问〕宋志七卷（苏轼司马温公行状。作七篇。） 佚
〔葛氏（怀敏）神效备急单方〕宋志一卷 佚
东都事略曰。葛怀敏始以父荫。授西头供奉官。怀敏通时事。善希合。故多荐其才者。尝为益州路提点刑
狱。知隰莫保雄沧滁六州。陕西用兵。为泾原秦凤经略安抚副使。元昊寇镇戎军。贼引兵伪遁。怀敏遂率诸将趣
定州。环庆路都监刘贺以蕃兵五千。与贼战不胜而溃。怀敏入保定川砦。泾原钤辖曹英又败于砦之东北隅。怀敏
所部人奔骇。怀敏为众所拥。几蹂践死。舆至壅城乃苏。贼遂围城。怀敏与诸将谋。赴镇戎军。贼断其归路。与
诸将遇贼。遂长驱。直抵渭州。初怀敏之除 延也。范仲淹言其怯懦不知兵。遂徙泾原。卒败事。奏至。赠镇西
军节度使。谥曰忠隐。
〔文氏（彦博）药准〕宋志一卷 佚
自序曰。余尝苦头眩。治之多方。弥岁不解。会国医龚世昌诊脉问状。乃云。鬲有寒痰。久之使然。非它
苦也。授余香芎散。并其方。服未半剂而愈。遂不复发。余既神其效。又观其立方有法。不与常类。方用九物。
物别为之解。凡药性之温寒。味之甘辛。并其主疗。略具于下。虽简而备。使观之者有据。服之无疑。无疑有效。
犹夫任人。各知其才之所长。用无疑。事罔不济。乃知古之良医。治病必考于本草而立方。方药既精。厥疾必瘳。
班固云。经方者。本草石之寒温。原疾病之深浅。陶隐居云。道经载扁鹊数法。其用药犹是本草家意。张仲景最
为众方之祖。悉根据本草。近世庸医。鲜通本草。求其方药之验。固亦难矣。余嘉龚医之
方。专用本草之意。因采仲景并外台。千金及诸家经验方。共若干。辄加注传于门内。以备处疗。谓之药准。以
其根据本草立方。则用之有准云。（文集）
陈振孙曰。药准一卷，潞公文彦博宽夫撰。所集方才四十首。以为根据本草而用药。则有准。故以此四十方。
为处方用药之准也。
〔孙氏（用和）传家秘宝方〕宋志五卷（读书后志。作十卷。书录解题。作三卷。）佚
赵希弁曰。孙尚秘宝十卷。上皇朝孙尚撰。吕惠卿帅边日。尚之子在属部。因取此书。刻板传于世。
陈振孙曰。孙氏传家秘宝方三卷。尚药奉御太医令孙用和集，其子殿中丞兆，父子皆以医名。自昭陵迄于熙
丰。无能出其右者。元丰八年。兆弟宰为阿东漕。属吕惠卿帅。并从宰得其书。序而刻之。兆自言为思邈之后。
晁氏读书志。作孙尚秘宝方。凡十卷。
邵伯温曰。仁宗初纳光献皇后。后有疾。国医不效。帝曰。后在家。用何人医。后曰。外家随叔父官河阳。有
疾服孙用和药辄效。寻召用和。服其药果验。自布衣。除尚药奉御。用和自此进用。用和本卫人。以避事客河阳。
善用张仲景法治伤寒。名闻天下。三子奇兆。皆登进士第。为朝官。亦善医。（邵氏闻见录）
〔刘氏（元宾）神巧万全方〕（旧讹作刘元宝）宋史十二卷 存
按是书辑在于医方类聚中。弟坚尝为录出。跋曰。上宋刘元宾子仪撰。其方药采之圣惠者。十居七八。多可
施用，其论说亦原本古人。间加己见，至如其举伤寒各治。辨中风诸证。最为赅备。颇有发明。奈何世久失传。
元明诸家。罕征引者。今检医方类聚中所载。按条掇
拾。虽未复旧观。然大要略具矣。仍谨根据类排纂。详加订正。从宋史原目。厘为十二卷云。
〔刘氏（彝）赣州正俗方〕宋史二卷 佚
宋史本传曰。刘彝。字执中。福州人。幼介特。居乡以行义称。从胡瑗学。瑗称其善治水。凡所立纲纪规式。
彝力居多。第进士。为邵武尉。调高邮簿。移朐山令。治簿书恤孤寡。作陂池教种艺。平赋役抑奸猾。凡所以惠
民者无不至。邑人纪其事。目曰治筑。熙宁初。为制置三司条例官属。以言新法非便罢。神宗择水官。以彝悉东
南水利。除都水丞。久雨汴涨。议开长城口。彝请但启扬桥斗门。水即退。为两浙转运判官。知虔州。俗尚巫鬼。
不事医药。彝者正俗方以训。斥淫巫三千七百家。使以医易业。俗遂变。加直史馆。知桂州。禁与交人互市。交
趾陷钦廉邕三州。坐贬均州团练副使。安置随州。父除名为民。编隶涪州。徙襄州。元 初。复以都水丞召还。
病卒于道。年七十。着七经中义百七十卷。明善集三十卷。居阳集三十卷。
陈振孙曰。正俗方一卷。知虔州长乐刘彝执中撰。以虔俗信巫无医药。集此方以教之。
〔沈氏（括）良方〕宋志十卷（读书后志。作十五卷。）佚
自序曰。予尝论治病有五难。辨疾。治病。饮药。处方。别药。此五也。今之视疾者。惟候气口六脉而已。
古之人视疾。必察其声音颜色。举动肤理。情性嗜好。问其所为。考其所行。已得其大半。而又遍诊人迎气口十
二动脉，疾发于五脏。则五色为之应。五声为之变。五味为之遍。十二脉为之动。求之如此其详。而然犹惧失之。
此辨疾之难一也。今之治疾者。以一二药。书其服饵之节授之而已。古以治疾
者。先知阴阳运历之变故，山林川泽之窍发。而又视其人。老少肥瘠。贵贱居养。性术好恶。忧喜劳逸。顺其所
宜。违其所不宜。或药或火。或刺或砭。或汤或液。矫易其故常。捭摩其性理。捣而索之。投几顺变。间不容发。
而又调其衣服。理其饮食。异其居处。因其情变。或治以天。或治以人。五运六气。冬寒夏暑。 雨电雹。鬼灵
厌蛊。甘苦寒温之节。后先胜复之用。此天理也。盛衰强弱。五脏异禀。循其所同。誉其所偏。不以此形彼。亦
不以一人例众人。此人事也。言不能传之于书。亦不能喻之于口。其精过于承蜩。其察甚于刻棘。目不舍色。耳
不舍声。手不释脉，独惧其差也。舍药遂去。而希其十全。不其难哉。此治疾之难二也。古之饮药者。煮炼有节。
饮啜有宜。药有可以久煮者。不可以久煮者。有宜炽火。有宜温火者。此煮炼之节也。宜温宜寒。或缓或速。或
乘饮食喜怒。而饮食喜怒为用者。有违饮食喜怒，而饮食喜怒为敌者。此饮啜之宜也。而水泉有美恶。操药之人
有勤惰。如此而责药之不效者，非药之罪也。此服药之难三也，药之单用为易知。药之复用为难知。世之处方
者，以一药为不足。又以众药益之。殊不知药之有相使者。相反者。有相合而性易者。方书虽有使佐畏恶之性。
而古人所未言。人情所不测者。庸可尽哉。如酒于人，有饮之逾石而不乱者。有濡吻则颠眩者。漆之于人。有终
日搏漉而无害者。有触之则疮烂者。焉知药之于人。无似此之异者。此禀赋之异也，南人食猪鱼以生。北人食猪
鱼以病。此风气之异也。水银得硫黄而赤如丹。得矾石而白如雪。人之欲酸者。无过于醋矣。以醋为未足。又益
之以橙。二酸相济。宜其甚酸而反甘。巴豆善利也。以巴豆之利为未足。而又益之以大
黄。则其利反折。蟹与柿。尝食之而无害也。二物相遇。不旋踵而呕。此色为易见。味为易知。而呕利为大变。
故人人知之。至于相合而知。他脏致他疾者。庸可易知耶。如乳石之忌参术。触者多死。至于五石散。则皆用参
术。此古人处方之妙。而世或未喻也。此处方之难四也。医诚艺也。方诚善也。用之中节也。而药或非良。奈何
哉。橘过江而为枳。麦得滋而为蛾。鸡逾岭而黑。 鹆逾岭而白。月亏而蚌蛤消。露下而蚊喙坼。此形器之易知
者也。性岂独不然乎。予观越人艺茶畦稻。一沟一陇之异。远不能数步。则色味顿殊。况药之所生。秦越燕楚之
相远。而又有山泽膏瘠燥湿之异禀。岂能物物尽其所宜。又素问说阳明在天。则花实戕气。少阳在泉。则金石失
理。如此之论。采掇者固未尝晰也。抑又取之有早晚。藏之有焙KT 。风雨燥湿。动有槁暴。今之处药。或有恶
火者。必日之而后咀。然安知采藏之家。不常烘煜哉。又不能必。此辨药之难五也。此五者大概而已。其微至于
言不能宣。其详至于书不能载。岂庸庸之人。而可以易言医哉。予治方最久。有方之良者。辄为疏之。世之为方
者。称其治效。常喜过实。千金肘后之类。尤多溢言。使人不复信。予所谓良方者。必目睹其验。始着于篇。
闻不预也。然人之疾。如向所谓五难者。方岂能必良哉。一睹其验。即谓之良。殆不异乎刻舟以求遗剑者。予所
以详着其状于方尾。疾有相似者。庶几偶值云尔。篇无次序。随得随注。随以与人。拯道贵速。故不暇完也。沈
括序。
东都事略曰。沈括。字存中。吴兴人也。博览古今。于书无所不通。举进士。为扬州司理参军。编校昭文馆
书籍。熙宁间。除太子中允。为检正中书刑房公事。迁集贤校理。
察访两浙农田水利。迁太常丞。同修起居注。边吏报北虏将入寇。亟遣中贵人。取两河民车。以为战备。民大惊
扰。自宰执以下。言不便者墙进。俱不省。一日括持笔立御坐侧。神宗顾曰。卿知籍车之事乎。括曰。未知车将
何用。神宗曰。北虏以多马取胜。唯车可以当之。括曰。胡之来。民父子坟墓田庐。皆当弃去。复暇恤车乎。朝
廷姑籍其数。而未取何伤。神宗曰。卿言有理。何论者之纷纷也。括曰。车战之利。见于历世。巫臣教吴子以车
战。遂伯中国。李靖用偏箱鹿角车。以擒颉利。臣但未知一事。古人所谓轻车者。兵车也。五御折旋。利于轻速。
今之民间辎车。重大椎朴。以牛挽之。日不能行三十里。少蒙雨雪。则跬步不进。故俗谓之太平车。或可施于无
事之日。恐兵间不可用耳。神宗益喜曰。无人如此语朕者。当更思之。明日。遂罢籍民车。执政问括曰。君以何
术。而立谈罢此事。上甚多太平车之说也。括曰。圣主可以理夺。不可以言争。若车可用。其敢以为非。未几以
上正言知制诰。察访河北西路。出使辽国使。还以淮浙灾伤。为体量安抚使。权三司使，迁翰林学士。括诣宰相
吴充陈说免役事。谓可变法令。轻役依旧轮差。御史蔡确论括非其职。而遽请变法。括亦待罪求去。确复言括诡
求罢免。有诏食供职。臣切惑焉。且括谓役法可变。何不言之于检正察访之日。而言之于翰林学士之时。不言之
于陛下。而言之于执政。原括之意。但欲根据附大臣。巧为身谋而已。遂罢以集贤院学士知宣州。复龙图阁待制。
召还知审官院。复以言者罢。知青州。寻知延州。王师大举伐西夏。种谔帅师入银夏州。而不能有。明年。括请
城永乐。命徐禧李舜举计议边事。李稷主粮饷。遂城永乐。距银州五十里。米脂五
十里。城成。赐名银州寨。既而贼二十万。重围永乐城。攻益急。城陷。于是汉番官二百三十人。兵万二千三百
人。皆没焉。禧舜举稷死之。神宗以括始议。责为均州团练副使。随州安置。徙秀州。复光禄卿。分司南京。
以卒。括尝上熙宁奉元历。编修天下郡国图。着述颇多。有春秋机括。笔谈。行于世。
赵希弁曰。沈存中良方十五卷。上皇朝沈括存中撰。存中博学通医术。故类其经验方。成此书。用者多验。
或以苏子瞻论医药杂说附之。
〔灵苑方〕宋志二十卷 佚
赵希弁曰。灵苑方二十卷。上皇朝沈括存中编。本朝士人。如高若讷林亿孙奇庞安常。皆以善医名世。而存
中尤善方书。此中所载。多可用。
刘 曰。灵苑方。本方不载所作人姓名。
〔苏沈良方〕宋志十五卷注曰。沈括苏轼所着。（书录解题，作十卷。）存
赵希弁曰。苏沈良方十五卷。上皇朝沈括通医学。尝集得效方成一书。后人附益以苏轼医药杂说。故曰苏沈。
陈振孙曰。苏沈良方十卷。苏者。东坡。沈。即存中也。不知何人所录。其间辨鸡舌香一段言。灵苑所辨。
犹有未尽者。馆阁书目。别有沈氏良方十卷。苏沈良方十五卷。而无灵苑方。
刘桂曰。苏沈良方十卷。前有永嘉道士林灵素序。余家有宋刻本。窃意灵素在二公文集中。或杂记。或笔谈
等书。钞出汇成一编。附托二公之盛名。以行其方耳。李东垣谓苏沈良方。犹唐宋类诗。何也。盖言不能诗者之
集诗。犹不知
方者之集方也。一诗之不善。止不过费纸而已。不致误人。一方之不善。则其祸有不可胜言者矣。噫。后之集方
书者。尚慎之哉。（读医说）
四库全书提要曰。苏沈良方八卷。宋沈括所集方书。而后人又以苏轼之说附之者也。考宋史艺文志。有括灵
苑方二十卷。良方十卷。而别出苏沈良方十五卷。注云。沈括苏轼所着。陈振孙书录解题。有苏沈良方十卷。而
王应麟说：《简要济众方》五卷。皇祐年间，宋仁宗对辅佐大臣说：“民间没有好的医生，命令太医局从《圣惠方》中精选重要的方剂，颁布到各道，并下令地方长官进行救助救济。”由医官周应负责编纂，三年后颁行。
按：弟弟沈坚说：这本书，陈振孙和晁公武两位学者都没有著录。只有唐慎微和刘完素的书中引用了它。而朝鲜国的《医方类聚》，记载了脏腑一类，其中出自《圣惠方》的，仅有薏苡散、酸枣仁丸、硇砂丸三方，其余都是这本书里没有的。不知道是什么缘故。平胃散一方，世人认为是官方局方，不知道它的本源在于这本书。除此之外其他方剂，也有很多可供使用的。
〔司马氏（光）医问〕宋代史志记载七卷（苏轼写的《司马温公行状》中作七篇。）已佚
〔葛氏（怀敏）神效备急单方〕宋代史志记载一卷 已佚
《东都事略》说：葛怀敏起初凭借父亲的荫庇，被授予西头供奉官。葛怀敏通晓时事，善于迎合上级，所以很多人推荐他的才能。他曾担任益州路提点刑狱，管理隰、莫、保、雄、沧、滁六个州。陕西用兵时，任泾原秦凤经略安抚副使。元昊侵犯镇戎军，敌人率领军队假装逃跑，葛怀敏于是率领各位将领赶往定州。环庆路都监刘贺率领五千蕃兵与敌人作战，不胜而溃败。葛怀敏进入保定川寨，泾原钤辖曹英又在寨子的东北角战败。葛怀敏所部人马奔逃惊骇，葛怀敏被众人簇拥，几乎被践踏致死，抬到壅城后才苏醒。敌人于是包围城池。葛怀敏与各位将领谋划，前往镇戎军，敌人切断了他们的归路。葛怀敏与诸将在途中遭遇敌人，于是长驱直入，一直抵达渭州。当初葛怀敏被任命为延州知州时，范仲淹说他怯懦不懂兵法，于是调任泾原，最终导致失败。奏章送到朝廷，追赠他为镇西军节度使，谥号为忠隐。
〔文氏（彦博）药准〕宋代史志记载一卷 已佚
自序说：我曾经苦于头晕目眩，治疗的方法很多，过了一年也没有痊愈。恰逢国医龚世昌诊脉询问病情，他说：“膈间有寒痰，久而久之形成的，不是其他痛苦。”给我开了香芎散，并把方子给我。服用不到半剂就好了，从此不再复发。我既惊叹其疗效神奇，又观察他组方有法度，不同于寻常类别。方子用了九味药，每味药分别加以解释。凡是药性的温寒，味道的甘辛，以及主治功效，大致列在下面。虽然简略但完备，让观看的人有据可依，服用的人没有疑虑。没有疑虑就能见效，就像用人一样，各自知道他的长处，使用时无疑虑，事情就没有不成功的。由此可知古代的良医，治病一定考证《本草》来组方。方药既然精当，疾病必定痊愈。班固说：“经方，是考察药物石药的寒温，推究疾病的深浅。”陶隐居说：“道教经典记载扁鹊的多种方法，其用药还是遵循《本草》家的意旨。”张仲景是最众多的方剂的祖师，完全依据《本草》。近世的庸医，很少精通《本草》，寻求方药的有效验证，本来也很难了。我嘉许龚医生的方子，专门运用《本草》的意旨，因此采集张仲景以及《外台秘要》、《千金方》及各家经验方，共若干首，就在门内加注流传，以备处方治疗之用，称为《药准》，因为它根据《本草》组方，所以使用有准则。（文集）
陈振孙说：《药准》一卷，潞国公文彦博字宽夫撰写。所收集的方剂才四十首，认为根据《本草》来用药，就有准则，所以把这四十个方子，作为处方用药的准则。
〔孙氏（用和）传家秘宝方〕宋代史志记载五卷（《读书后志》作十卷，《书录解题》作三卷。）已佚
赵希弁说：孙尚《秘宝》十卷。上皇朝孙尚撰写。吕惠卿在边境统帅期间，孙尚的儿子在其属下部门，于是取这本书，刻板流传于世。
陈振孙说：孙氏《传家秘宝方》三卷。尚药奉御太医令孙用和集编，他的儿子殿中丞孙兆，父子都以医术闻名。从昭陵（宋仁宗墓）直到熙丰年间，没有人能超过他们。元丰八年，孙兆的弟弟孙宰任阿东漕运使，隶属吕惠卿统帅，一并从孙宰那里得到这本书，作序并刻印。孙兆自称是孙思邈的后代。晁氏《读书志》作《孙尚秘宝方》，共十卷。
邵伯温说：仁宗刚迎娶光献皇后时，皇后有病，国医治疗无效。皇帝说：“皇后在家时，用什么人医治？”皇后说：“外家随叔父在河阳做官，有病服用孙用和的药就有效。”随即召见孙用和，服用他的药果然灵验。孙用和从平民身份，被提拔为尚药奉御。孙用和从此受到重用。孙用和本地卫人，因为避事客居河阳。擅长用张仲景的方法治疗伤寒，名声传遍天下。三个儿子孙奇、孙兆，都考中进士，成为朝廷官员，也擅长医术。（《邵氏闻见录》）
〔刘氏（元宾）神巧万全方〕（旧时讹误作刘元宝）宋代史书十二卷 现存
按：这本书辑录于《医方类聚》中。沈坚曾经抄录出来，写跋说：上宋刘元宾字子仪撰写。其中的方药采自《圣惠方》的，占十分之七八，大多可以施用，其论述也原本古人，偶尔加上自己的见解，至于像他列举伤寒的各种治疗，辨别中风的各种证候，最为完备，颇有发明之处。奈何年代久远失传，元明两代的各家，很少征引。现在检查《医方类聚》中所记载的，按条目搜集整理，虽然没有恢复旧貌，但大略具备。仍谨慎地根据类别编排纂修，详细加以订正，依照《宋史》原来的目录，分为十二卷。
〔刘氏（彝）赣州正俗方〕宋代史书二卷 已佚
《宋史》本传说：刘彝，字执中，福州人。幼年性格耿介独特，在乡里以品行义气著称。跟随胡瑗学习，胡瑗称赞他善于治理水利。凡是他制定的纲纪规制，刘彝出力最多。考中进士，担任邵武尉，调任高邮簿，移任朐山令。处理公文，体恤孤寡，修建池塘教百姓种植，公平赋役，抑制奸猾，所有惠民的措施没有不到的。县里的人记录他的事迹，命名为《治筑》。熙宁初年，任制置三司条例官属，因进言新法不便而被罢免。神宗选拔水利官员，因为刘彝通晓东南水利，任命为都水丞。久雨汴水上涨，议论开凿长城口，刘彝请求只开启扬桥斗门，水就退去。任两浙转运判官，知虔州。当地风俗崇尚巫鬼，不从事医药。刘彝编写《正俗方》来训导，斥责淫祀的巫师三千七百家，让他们改行从医，风俗于是改变。加直史馆衔，知桂州。禁止与交趾人互市。交趾攻陷钦、廉、邕三个州，刘彝因此获罪贬为均州团练副使，安置在随州。父亲被除名为民，编管涪州，迁徙襄州。元祐初年，重新以都水丞的身份召回，在途中病卒，享年七十岁。著有《七经中义》一百七十卷，《明善集》三十卷，《居阳集》三十卷。
陈振孙说：《正俗方》一卷，知虔州长乐人刘彝字执中撰写。因为虔州风俗迷信巫术而没有医药，收集这些方子来教导百姓。
〔沈氏（括）良方〕宋代史志记载十卷（《读书后志》作十五卷。）已佚
自序说：我曾经论述治病有五大难点：辨疾、治病、饮药、处方、别药。这就是五点。现在的医生看病，只观察寸口六脉而已。古代的人看病，一定要观察病人的声音颜色，举动肌肤纹理，性情嗜好，询问他所做的事，考察他的行为，已经掌握了大半情况。然后又遍诊人迎、气口等十二动脉，疾病发于五脏，则五色为之相应，五声为之变化，五味为之遍应，十二脉为之跳动。如此详尽地探求，还担心有失误。这是辨疾的第一个难点。现在的治病者，只用一两种药，写下服用的节律交给病人罢了。古代治病的人，先知道阴阳运历的变化，山林川泽的气机发动，又观察病人的老少肥瘦，贵贱起居修养，性格喜好厌恶，忧愁欢喜劳逸，顺应适宜的，违背不适宜的。或者用药，或者用火，或者针刺，或者砭石，或者汤剂，或者液剂，矫正改变旧的常规，疏导调理人的性理，捣碎探寻病因，投合机宜顺应变化，间隙不容毛发。然后又调整衣服，整理饮食，改变居住环境，根据情志变化。或者治以天时，或者治以人事。五运六气，冬寒夏暑，风雨雷电冰雹，鬼神厌蛊，甘苦寒温的节律，先后胜复的运用。这是天理。盛衰强弱，五脏禀赋不同，遵循共同点，赞誉偏颇处，不以此形况彼，也不以一个人类推众人。这是人事。言语不能传达给书本，也不能比喻在口头。其精细超过承蜩（粘蝉），其明察甚于刻棘（雕刻荆棘）。眼睛不舍弃面色，耳朵不舍弃声音，手不离开脉搏，唯独害怕差错。舍弃药物就去追求十全十美，难道不难吗？这是治病的第二个难点。古代服药的人，煮炼有节律，饮用啜食有适宜的时候。药有可以久煮的，有不适合久煮的；有适宜猛火的，有适宜温火的。这是煮炼的节律。适宜温服还是寒服，或者缓慢或者快速，或者趁着饮食喜怒而利用饮食喜怒发挥作用，或者违背饮食喜怒，而饮食喜怒成为敌对因素。这是饮用啜食的适宜。而水源有美丑，抓药的人有勤惰。像这样却要求药不失效，不是药的过错。这是服药的第三个难点。药单独使用容易知晓，药配合使用难以知晓。世上开处方的人，认为一味药不足，又用多种药增加。殊不知药有相使的，有相反的，有相合而性质改变的。方书虽然有使、佐、畏、恶的性质，但古人所未言，人情所不能测度的，怎么能够穷尽呢？比如酒对人，有人喝了一石以上而不乱的，有人沾唇就头晕目眩的。漆对人，有人整天接触搅拌而无害的，有人碰到就疮烂的。怎知药对人，没有类似这种差异的呢？这是禀赋的差异。南方人吃猪鱼能生存，北方人吃猪鱼会生病。这是风气的差异。水银得硫黄而红得像丹砂，得矾石而白得像雪。人想吃的酸的，没有比醋更甚的了。以为醋还不够，又加上橙子。两种酸相济，应该很酸反而变甘。巴豆善于泻下，以为巴豆的泻下不够，又加上大黄，那么它的泻下反而减弱。蟹与柿子，曾经吃过无害，两物相遇，不一会儿就呕吐。这是颜色容易看见，味道容易知晓，而呕吐腹泻是大变。所以人人都知道。至于相合而知，其他脏致其他病，怎么容易知晓呢？比如乳石的禁忌参术，触犯的多数死亡，至于五石散，却都用参术。这是古人处方的妙处，世人或许不明白。这是处方的第四个难点。医确实是技艺，方确实是好方，使用中节律，但药可能不好，怎么办呢？橘树过了江变成枳，麦子遇到湿气变成蛾，鸡越过岭变黑，鸲鹆越过岭变白。月亮亏缺时蚌蛤消亡，露水下降时蚊喙开裂。这是形体器物的容易知晓的。性质难道独独不是这样吗？我看越地人种茶畦稻，一条沟一条垄的差异，远不过数步，那么颜色和味道立刻不同。何况药的生长，秦越燕楚相距遥远，又有山泽肥沃贫瘠干燥湿润的不同禀赋，怎么能样样都适宜？又《素问》说明阳明在天，则花果损伤人气；少阳在泉，则金石失去条理。这样的论述，采摘者固然未曾阐明。又取药有早晚，藏药有烘焙，风雨燥湿，动不动就干枯暴烈。现在的制药，有的厌恶火，必须日晒然后切碎。然而怎知采收藏药的人，不经常烘烤呢？又不能保证。这是辨别药物的第五个难点。这五点只是大概。其微妙以至于言语不能表达，其详细以至于书本不能记载。岂是平庸之人，可以轻易谈论医学的吗？我治疗方剂最久，有好的方子，就疏列出来。世上开方的人，称颂治疗效果，常常喜欢夸大。《千金方》、《肘后备急方》之类，尤其多有溢美之词，使人不再相信。我所称的良方，一定是亲眼目睹其验证，才写在篇中。传闻的不预先收录。然而人的疾病，像刚才所说的五大难点，方子怎能保证一定良效呢？一旦看到验证，就称之为良方，这差不多等于刻舟求剑。所以我详细记录症状在方子后面，疾病有相似的，也许偶然符合罢了。篇章没有次序，随得随注，随时给人。拯救之道贵在迅速，所以没空完善。沈括序。
《东都事略》说：沈括，字存中，吴兴人。博览古今，对于书籍无所不通。考中进士，任扬州司理参军，编校昭文馆书籍。熙宁年间，任太子中允，检正中书刑房公事，升迁集贤校理。
察访两浙农田水利，升迁太常丞，同修起居注。边防官吏报告北虏将要入侵，急忙派遣宦官，征调两河百姓的车辆，作为战备。百姓大惊扰乱。从宰相执政以下，说不方便的言论如墙般涌进，都不予理会。一天沈括拿着笔站在皇帝座位旁边，神宗看他说：“你知道登记车辆的事吗？”沈括说：“不知道车将用来做什么。”神宗说：“北虏靠多马取胜，只有车可以抵挡。”沈括说：“胡人来犯，百姓父子坟墓田庐都要抛弃，哪有空闲顾及车呢？”朝廷姑且登记数量，而未取用有什么妨害？”神宗说：“你的话有理，为什么论者纷纷扰扰？”沈括说：“车战的利益，见于历代。巫臣教吴子车战，于是称霸中原。李靖用偏箱鹿角车，擒获颉利。我只不知道一件事，古人所说的轻车，是兵车。驾驭折旋，利于轻便快速。现在的民间辎重车，重大笨拙，用牛拉，一天不能走三十里，稍微遇到雨雪，就寸步难行。所以俗称太平车，或许可以在无事之日使用，恐怕在战争期间不可用。”神宗更加高兴说：“没有人这样对我说。应当再思考。”第二天，就停止登记民车。执政问沈括说：“您用什么方法，片刻之间结束了这件事？皇上非常推崇太平车的说法。”沈括说：“圣主可以用道理说服，不可以用言辞争辩。如果车可用，我怎么敢认为不行。”不久以上正言知制诰，察访河北西路，出使辽国使者，回来因为淮浙灾伤，任体量安抚使。代理三司使，升迁翰林学士。沈括拜见宰相吴充陈述免役事，认为可以改变法令，减轻徭役依旧轮差。御史蔡确指责沈括非其职而遽请变法。沈括也待罪请求离去。蔡确又说沈括诡求罢免，有诏令照常供职。臣对此感到困惑。况且沈括说役法可变，为何不在检正察访之日说，而在翰林学士之时说？不在陛下面前说，而在执政面前说？推究沈括的本意，只想依附大臣，巧妙为自己谋利罢了。于是罢免他以集贤院学士身份知宣州，复龙图阁待制，召回知审官院，又因言官弹劾罢免。知青州，不久知延州。王师大规模讨伐西夏，种谔率军进入银夏州，而不能占有。第二年，沈括请求修筑永乐城，命徐禧、李舜举计议边事，李稷主管粮饷。于是修筑永乐城，距离银州五十里，米脂五十里。城成，赐名银州寨。不久贼兵二十万，重重包围永乐城，攻击更加紧急。城陷落，于是汉番官员二百三十人，士兵一万二千三百人，都陷没了。徐禧、李舜举、李稷战死。神宗因为沈括起初提议，责备他为均州团练副使，安置在随州，迁徙秀州，复光禄卿，分司南京，最终去世。沈括曾献上熙宁奉元历，编修天下郡国图，著作颇多，有《春秋机括》、《笔谈》，流传于世。
赵希弁说：沈存中《良方》十五卷。上皇朝沈括字存中撰写。沈括博学通晓医术，所以分类他的经验方，成此书。使用者多有效验。或者把苏子瞻论医药杂说附在后面。
〔灵苑方〕宋代史志记载二十卷 已佚
赵希弁说：《灵苑方》二十卷。上皇朝沈括字存中编撰。本朝士人，如高若讷、林亿、孙奇、庞安常，都以善于医术闻名于世，而沈存中尤其擅长方书。此中所载，大多可用。
刘说什么：《灵苑方》，原本方书不记载作者姓名。
〔苏沈良方〕宋代史志十五卷注曰：沈括、苏轼所着。（《书录解题》作十卷。）现存
赵希弁说：《苏沈良方》十五卷。上皇朝沈括通晓医学，曾经收集得效方成一本书。后人附加苏轼医药杂说，所以叫苏沈。
陈振孙说：《苏沈良方》十卷。苏者是东坡，沈即存中也。不知道是谁记录的。其中辨别鸡舌香的一段言论，《灵苑方》所辨别的，还有未尽之处。馆阁书目，另有《沈氏良方》十卷，《苏沈良方》十五卷，而没有《灵苑方》。
刘桂说：《苏沈良方》十卷，前有永嘉道士林灵素序。我家有宋刻本。私下推测林灵素在二公文集中，或者杂记，或者《笔谈》等书，抄出汇编成一编，附托二公的盛名，来推行他的方子罢了。李东垣说《苏沈良方》，就像唐宋类诗，为什么呢？大概说不会作诗的人集合诗歌，就像不懂方剂的人集合方剂一样。一首诗不好，只不过浪费纸张而已，不至于误人。一方不好，那么祸患有不可胜言的。唉！后世集合方书的人，还要慎重啊！（《读医说》）
四库全书提要说：《苏沈良方》八卷，宋沈括所集方书，而后人又以苏轼之说附之者也。考《宋史艺文志》，有沈括《灵苑方》二十卷、《良方》十卷，而别出《苏沈良方》十五卷，注云：沈括、苏轼所着。陈振孙《书录解题》，有《苏沈良方》十卷，而
Wang Yinglin stated: "Jianyao Jizhong Fang" (Brief and Essential Formulas for Saving the Masses), five volumes, author unknown. Emperor Renzong of Song said to his ministers: "There are no good physicians among the common people. Order the Imperial Medical Bureau to select the essential formulas from Shenghui Fang (Holy Benefit Formula) and distribute them to various circuits. Command local governors to assist in relief efforts. Physician Zhou Ying compiled it, and it was promulgated after three years."
Note: My brother Shen Jian said: This book is not recorded by Chen Zhen Sun or Chao Gong Wu. It is only cited in the works of Tang Shenwei and Liu Wusu. In the Korean text Yifang Leiju (Compendium of Medical Formulas), under the category of Zang-Fu organs, only three formulas originating from Shenghui Fang are listed: Yiyi San (Coix Seed Powder), Suanzaoren Wan (Sour Jujube Seed Pill), and Naosha Wan (Ammonium Chloride Pill). The rest are absent from that book. I do not know the reason. Pingwei San (Peaceful Stomach Powder) is widely regarded as an official bureau formula, but its origin lies in this book. Besides, many other formulas are also useful.
[Simaguoshi's Yiwen (Medical Questions)] Recorded in Song Dynasty bibliographies as seven volumes (Su Shi's Xingshuang of Sima Wen Gong records it as seven chapters.) Extant status: Lost.
[Ge Shi's Shenxiao Beiji Danfang (Divine Efficacy Emergency Single Formulas)] Recorded in Song Dynasty bibliographies as one volume. Extant status: Lost.
Dongdu Shilue states: Ge Huamin initially received the title of West Head Court Attendant due to his father's merit. He was knowledgeable about current affairs and adept at flattering superiors, which led to many recommending his talents. He served as the Judicial Intendant of Yizhou Circuit and administered six prefectures: Xi, Mo, Bao, Xiong, Cang, and Chu. During the military campaigns in Shaanxi, he served as Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Jingyuan and Qinpheng. When Yuanhao invaded Zhenrong Army, the enemy feigned retreat. Ge Huamin led his generals to Dingzhou. Liu He, Military Supervisor of Huanqing Road, led five thousand barbarian troops into battle but was defeated and scattered. Ge Huamin entered Baodingchuan Fortress. Cao Ying, Inspector of Jingyuan, was also defeated at the northeast corner of the fortress. Ge Huamin's troops panicked and fled. Surrounded by his men, Ge Huamin nearly trampled to death and revived only after being carried to Yongcheng. The enemy then besieged the city. Ge Huamin and his generals planned to march to Zhenrong Army, but the enemy cut off their retreat. Encountering the enemy again, they advanced straight to Weizhou. Initially, when Fan Zhongyan learned of Ge Huamin's appointment to Yanzhou, he criticized him as cowardly and lacking military knowledge, leading to his transfer to Jingyuan, which ultimately resulted in failure. Upon receiving the report, the court posthumously awarded him the title of Military Commissioner of Zhenxi Army and the posthumous name Zhongyin (Loyal and Hidden).
[Wen Shi's Yaozhun (Medicine Standards)] Recorded in Song Dynasty bibliographies as one volume. Extant status: Lost.
Preface: "I once suffered from dizziness. Despite various treatments, it persisted for a year without resolution. A national physician, Gong Shichang, examined my pulse and asked about my condition, stating: 'There is cold phlegm in the diaphragm, which has accumulated over time; it is not caused by other ailments.' He prescribed Xiangxiong San (Atractylodes and Ligusticum Powder) along with the formula. After taking less than half a dose, I recovered completely, and the condition never recurred. I marveled at its efficacy and observed that his prescription methods were distinct from ordinary practices. The formula used nine herbs, each explained individually. The warming or cooling properties, sweet or pungent tastes, and therapeutic indications of all herbs are briefly detailed below. Though concise yet comprehensive, it provides evidence for users and ensures confidence in administration. With confidence comes efficacy, much like employing people based on their strengths. Thus, ancient excellent physicians always consulted Bencao (Materia Medica) before prescribing. If the formula and drugs are precise, the disease will surely be cured. Ban Gu said: 'Prescriptions examine the cold and warm nature of herbs and stones, tracing the depth of diseases.' Tao Hongjing said: 'Daoist classics record Bian Que's methods, where drug usage follows the intent of Bencao scholars.' Zhang Zhongjing is the ancestor of most prescriptions, entirely based on Bencao. Modern mediocre physicians rarely understand Bencao, making it difficult to find verified effective formulas. I admired Dr. Gong's approach, which strictly adhered to Bencao principles. Therefore, I collected formulas from Zhang Zhongjing, Waitai Miyao (Secret Essentials of the Eastern Capital), Qianjin Fang (Thousand Gold Formulas), and other experienced sources, adding annotations for internal circulation to aid treatment. I named it Yaozhun (Standards of Medicine) because it relies on Bencao for prescription standards." (Collected Works)
Chen Zhen Sun stated: "Yaozhun," one volume, written by Wen Yanbo, Duke of Lu (courtesy name Kuanfu). It contains only forty formulas. He believed that relying on Bencao for medication provides standards, hence these forty formulas serve as the benchmark for prescribing.
[Sun Shi's Chuanjia Mibao Fang (Family Secret Treasure Formulas)] Recorded in Song Dynasty bibliographies as five volumes (Dushu Houzhi records ten volumes; Shulu Tiejie records three volumes.) Extant status: Lost.
Zhao Xibian said: Sun Shang's "Mibao," ten volumes, written by Sun Shang of the Upper Imperial Dynasty. When Lü Huiqing commanded the border regions, Sun Shang's son was under his jurisdiction. He obtained this book and had it woodblock printed for dissemination.
Chen Zhen Sun said: "Sun Shi Chuanjia Mibao Fang," three volumes, compiled by Sun Yonghe, Director of Imperial Medicines and Grand Medical Officer. His son, Sun Zhao, Palace Attendant, were both famous for their medical skills. From the reign of Emperor Renzong (Zhaoling) through the Xining and Fengde eras, no one surpassed them. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Sun Zhao's younger brother, Sun Zai, served as the Transport Commissioner of Adong under Lü Huiqing. Following Sun Zai, they acquired the book, wrote a preface, and published it. Sun Zhao claimed descent from Sun Simiao. Chao's Dushu Zhi lists it as "Sun Shang Mibao Fang," ten volumes.
Shao Bowen said: When Emperor Renzong first married Empress Guangxian, she fell ill. National physicians failed to cure her. The Emperor asked, "Who treated the Empress at home?" She replied, "My family followed my uncle to Heyang. Illnesses were cured by Sun Yonghe's medicine." Sun Yonghe was summoned, and his medicine proved effective. He was promoted from a commoner to Director of Imperial Medicines. Sun Yonghe was originally from Wei, residing in Heyang to avoid trouble. He excelled in treating Cold Damage (Shanghan) using Zhang Zhongjing's methods, gaining fame nationwide. His three sons, Sun Qi and Sun Zhao, passed the imperial examinations and became officials, also skilled in medicine. (Shaoshi Wenjian Lu)
[Liu Shi's Shenqiao Wanquan Fang (Divine Skill Complete Safety Formulas)] (Formerly erroneously attributed to Liu Yuanbao) Recorded in History of Song as twelve volumes. Extant status: Preserved.
Note: This book is excerpted in Yifang Leiju. Shen Jian previously transcribed it and wrote a postscript: "Compiled by Liu Yuanbin (courtesy name Ziyi) of the Song Dynasty. Its formulas and drugs are largely derived from Shenghui Fang, accounting for seventy to eighty percent, and are mostly applicable. Its discussions originate from ancient texts, occasionally supplemented by personal insights. Its enumeration of Shanghan treatments and differentiation of Zhongfeng (Wind Stroke) syndromes is particularly comprehensive and insightful. Regrettably, it has been lost over time and rarely cited by Yuan and Ming scholars. Now, checking the entries in Yifang Leiju, I have collected and organized them by category. Although not fully restored to its original state, the main points are preserved. Carefully arranged and corrected according to categories, and divided into twelve volumes following the original catalog of the History of Song."
[Liu Shi's Ganzhou Zhengsu Fang (Ganzhou Correcting Customs Formulas)] Recorded in History of Song as two volumes. Extant status: Lost.
History of Song biography states: Liu Yi, courtesy name Zhizhong, was from Fuzhou. Of upright character since childhood, he was known for righteousness in his hometown. He studied under Hu Yuan, who praised his expertise in water management. Liu Yi contributed significantly to establishing regulations and systems. He passed the imperial examination, served as Sheriff of Shaowu, then Clerk of Gaoyou, and Magistrate of Qushan. He managed documents, cared for the orphaned and widowed, constructed ponds for agriculture, regulated taxes and corvée, suppressed corruption, and implemented all possible measures to benefit the people. Locals recorded his deeds as "Zhi Zhu" (Governance and Construction). In the early Xining era, he served as an official under the Sancai Tiaoli Office but was dismissed for criticizing the new laws. Emperor Shenzong selected him as a water official due to his knowledge of southeastern water conservancy, appointing him Vice Director of Waterways. During prolonged rain causing the Bian River to rise, officials debated opening the Changcheng Kou. Liu Yi suggested opening only the Yangqiao Sluice, which successfully lowered the water level. He served as Judge of the Liangzhe Transport Commission and Prefect of Qianzhou. Local customs favored witchcraft and ghosts, neglecting medicine. Liu Yi compiled Zhengsu Fang to educate the people, banned 3,700 families of shamans, and encouraged them to practice medicine instead, transforming the customs. He was granted the title Direct Scholar of the Histories, served as Prefect of Guizhou, and prohibited trade with Jiaozhi. When Jiaozhi captured Qinzhou, Lianzhou, and Yongzhou, Liu Yi was demoted to Deputy Brigade Commander of Junzhou and exiled to Suizhou. His father was stripped of his title and made a commoner, and Liu Yi was confined to Fuzhou, later moved to Xiangzhou. In the early Yuanyou era, he was recalled as Vice Director of Waterways but died on the way at age seventy. He authored "Qijing Zhongyi" (Meanings within the Seven Classics), 170 volumes; "Mingshan Ji" (Collection of Bright Virtues), 30 volumes; and "Juyang Ji" (Collection of Dwelling in Yang), 30 volumes.
Chen Zhen Sun said: "Zhengsu Fang," one volume, written by Liu Yi (courtesy name Zhizhong) of Changle, Prefect of Qianzhou. Because Qianzhou customs relied on witchcraft and lacked medicine, he collected these formulas to teach them.
[Shen Shi's Liangfang (Good Formulas)] Recorded in Song Dynasty bibliographies as ten volumes (Dushu Houzhi records fifteen volumes.) Extant status: Lost.
Preface: "I have discussed five difficulties in treating diseases: distinguishing the disease, treating the disease, administering medicine, prescribing, and identifying drugs. These are the five aspects. Current physicians diagnose solely by palpating the radial pulse. Ancient physicians observed voice, complexion, movements, skin texture, temperament, and preferences, inquired about daily activities, and investigated behavior, grasping more than half the diagnosis. They further examined twelve arterial pulses. Diseases originating in the Zang-Fu organs manifest in five colors, five sounds, five flavors, and twelve pulses. Such detailed inquiry still risks error. This is the first difficulty: distinguishing the disease. Current practitioners prescribe one or two herbs with dosage instructions. Ancient practitioners understood changes in Yin-Yang cycles and environmental qi, observed patients' age, physique, social status, lifestyle, temperament, emotions, and labor, adapting treatments accordingly—using herbs, fire, acupuncture, bian stones, decoctions, or liquids—to correct imbalances and regulate physiology, acting swiftly and precisely. They adjusted clothing, diet, and environment according to emotional and physiological changes, utilizing heavenly principles (Five Movements and Six Qi, seasonal variations, weather phenomena, spiritual influences) and human factors (individual constitution, organ differences). These nuances cannot be fully captured in books or speech; they require acute observation surpassing even expert cicada catchers. Relying solely on herbs to achieve perfection is extremely difficult. This is the second difficulty: treating the disease. Ancient patients followed strict boiling and drinking protocols. Herbs varied in boiling duration and heat intensity. Administration timing related to meals and emotions. Water quality and pharmacist diligence affected outcomes. Blaming ineffective results on the herb is unjust. This is the third difficulty: administering medicine. Single herbs are easy to understand; complex combinations are difficult. Practitioners often add multiple herbs, unaware of synergistic, antagonistic, or transformative interactions. While texts list assisting, opposing, and incompatible properties, unspoken human variables remain unpredictable. For example, some drink large amounts of wine without intoxication, while others become dizzy after a sip. Some handle lacquer safely, others develop severe rashes. Similarly, herbal reactions vary by individual constitution. Southerners eat pork and fish safely, northers may fall ill. Mercury turns red with sulfur and white with alum. Sour cravings exceed vinegar, yet adding orange makes it sweet. Cathartic herbs like Croton combined with Rhubarb may reduce purgative effects. Crab and persimmon are safe alone but cause vomiting together. Visible colors and tastes are known, but hidden interactions causing severe reactions are hard to predict. For instance, Milkstone contraindicates Ginseng and Atractylodes, yet Five-Stone Powder uses them. This illustrates the subtlety of ancient prescriptions. This is the fourth difficulty: prescribing. Medicine is an art, and good formulas exist, but poor quality drugs undermine efficacy. Oranges change flavor crossing rivers; wheat breeds moths; chickens darken crossing mountains; starlings whiten crossing ridges; moon phases affect clams; dew cracks mosquito proboscises. Material properties change similarly. Herbal growth varies by region (Qin, Yue, Yan, Chu) and terrain (mountains, marshes, fertility, moisture). Can every herb reach its ideal potential? Suwen states Yangming affects flowers/fruits damaging qi; Shaoyang affects minerals losing order. Such theories are often unclear to collectors. Harvesting times, drying methods, and storage conditions affect quality. Some herbs fear fire and must be sun-dried before processing, but collectors may roast them excessively. Ensuring quality is the fifth difficulty: identifying drugs. These five points are general; details defy expression and documentation. Can mediocrity grasp medicine? Having long studied formulas, I record verified ones. Practitioners often exaggerate efficacy, especially in Qianjin Fang and Zhoubi Houhou, losing credibility. My 'Good Formulas' include only personally witnessed successes, excluding hearsay. Given the five difficulties, can any formula guarantee success? Calling a formula 'good' upon one success is akin to marking a boat to find a lost sword. I detail symptoms after each formula for reference in similar cases. Arranged randomly as acquired, given away quickly to save lives,无暇 to perfect structure. Shen Kuo Preface.
Dongdu Shilue states: Shen Kuo, courtesy name Cunchong, was from Wuxing. Erudite in history and literature, proficient in all books. Passed the imperial examination, served as Judicial Administrator of Yangzhou, and edited books at the Zhaowen Library. During the Xining era, appointed Central Gentleman of the Crown Prince, Inspector of the Secretariat Penal Affairs, and Researcher of the Collection of Excellence.
He inspected agricultural water conservancy in Liangzhe, promoted to Director of Imperial Sacrifices, and Co-Editor of Veritable Records. Border officials reported impending invasion by the Northern Barbarians. The court urgently requisitioned civilian carts for war preparations, causing panic. Ministers protested, but Emperor Shenzong ignored them. One day, Shen Kuo stood beside the throne with a brush. The Emperor asked, "Do you know about cart registration?" Shen Kuo replied, "I do not know their intended use." The Emperor said, "The North relies on cavalry; carts can counter them." Shen Kuo argued, "If invaders come, civilians will flee with graves and homes, caring little for carts. Registering numbers without confiscation causes no harm." The Emperor agreed, asking why critics complained. Shen Kuo explained, "Cart warfare has historical precedent. Wu Zixu taught Wu state chariot tactics, leading to hegemony. Li Jing used shielded carts to capture Elie. I question one point: ancient light carts were military vehicles, agile and fast. Current civilian supply carts are heavy, slow, pulled by oxen, covering less than thirty li daily, and immobile in rain/snow. Known as 'Peace Carts,' suitable only for peacetime, not war." The Emperor delighted, saying, "No one has spoken thus to me. I shall reconsider." The next day, cart registration was canceled. Ministers asked how he ended the debate so quickly, noting the Emperor favored Peace Carts. Shen Kuo replied, "A sage ruler is persuaded by reason, not argument. If carts were useful, I would not oppose them." Later, he served as Remonstrator and Compiler of Edicts, inspected Hebei West Road, and envoy to Liao. Returning due to disasters in Huai-Zhe, he acted as Relief Commissioner, acting Director of Finance, and Hanlin Academician. Shen Kuo met Chancellor Wu Chong to discuss abolishing the Corvée System, suggesting modifications to lighten burdens. Censor Cai Que accused him of overstepping authority to push reforms. Shen Kuo requested dismissal. Cai Que accused him of deceitfully seeking removal. An edict ordered him to continue duty. The author notes confusion: Why propose reform late, as Hanlin Academician, rather than earlier as Inspector? Shen Kuo's motive seemed to align with powerful ministers for self-preservation. He was dismissed as Academician of the Collection of Excellence and Prefect of Xuanzhou, later reinstated as Preceptor of Dragon Pavilion, recalled to head the Bureau of Officials, and dismissed again due to criticism. He served as Prefect of Qingzhou and Yanzhou. During the major campaign against Western Xia, General Zhong E entered Yin-Xia but failed to hold it. Next year, Shen Kuo proposed building Yongle City, fifty li from Yinzhou and Milizhi. Xu Xi, Li Shunjing, and Li Ji managed construction and logistics. Upon completion, named Yinzhou Camp. Twenty thousand enemies besieged the city. It fell, killing 230 officials and 12,300 soldiers. Xu Xi, Li Shunjing, and Li Ji died. Blamed for initial advice, Shen Kuo was demoted to Deputy Brigade Commander of Junzhou, exiled to Suizhou, then Xiuzhou. He held the title Honorary Director of Ceremonies, managing Nanjing affairs, until his death. Shen Kuo presented the Xining Fengyuan Calendar, compiled regional maps, and authored many works, including Chunqiu Jikuobi and Bitan (Brush Talks), which remain in circulation.
Zhao Xibian said: Shen Cunchong's "Liangfang," fifteen volumes, written by Shen Kuo of the Upper Imperial Dynasty. Shen Kuo was博学 (erudite) and skilled in medicine, compiling his effective formulas into this book. Users found it highly effective. Sometimes Su Shi's "Miscellaneous Sayings on Medicine" was appended.
[Lingyuan Fang] Recorded in Song Dynasty bibliographies as twenty volumes. Extant status: Lost.
Zhao Xibian said: "Lingyuan Fang," twenty volumes, compiled by Shen Kuo Cunchong of the Upper Imperial Dynasty. Contemporary scholars like Gao Ruone, Lin Yi, Sun Qi, and Pang Anchang were renowned for medicine, but Shen Kuo excelled in formularies. Most formulas herein are usable.
Liu [Name missing] said: "Lingyuan Fang" does not record the author's name in the original text.
[Su Shen Liangfang (Su and Shen's Good Formulas)] Recorded in Song Dynasty bibliographies as fifteen volumes. Note: Authored by Shen Kuo and Su Shi. (Shulu Tiejie records ten volumes.) Extant status: Preserved.
Zhao Xibian said: "Su Shen Liangfang," fifteen volumes, Upper Imperial Dynasty. Shen Kuo understood medicine and collected effective formulas. Later generations added Su Shi's medical essays, hence the name "Su Shen."
Chen Zhen Sun said: "Su Shen Liangfang," ten volumes. 'Su' refers to Dongpo (Su Shi); 'Shen' refers to Cunchong (Shen Kuo). Authorship unknown. The section analyzing Jishe Xiang (Clove-like spice) notes Lingyuan's analysis was incomplete. "Guange Shumu" lists "Shen Shi Liangfang" ten volumes and "Su Shen Liangfang" fifteen volumes, but omits "Lingyuan Fang."
Liu Gui said: "Su Shen Liangfang," ten volumes, preceded by a preface by Daoist Lin Lingsu of Yongjia. I possess a Song edition. I suspect Lin Lingsu extracted content from the collected works or "Bitan" of Su and Shen, compiled it, and attached it to their fame to disseminate his formulas. Li Dongyuan compared "Su Shen Liangfang" to Tang-Song poetry anthologies: just as non-poets compile poems, those unfamiliar with formulas compile them. A bad poem wastes paper; a bad formula causes harm. Future compilers should be cautious. (Du Yi Shuo)
Siku Quanshu Summary states: "Su Shen Liangfang," eight volumes, collected by Shen Kuo of the Song Dynasty, with Su Shi's theories appended. Examining the "Song Shi Yiwenzhi," there are Shen Kuo's "Lingyuan Fang" (20 vols) and "Liangfang" (10 vols), separately listing "Su Shen Liangfang" (15 vols) noted as authored by Shen Kuo and Su Shi. Chen Zhen Sun's "Shulu Tiejie" lists "Su Shen Liangfang" ten volumes, while