〔文氏（彦博）节要本草图〕佚
自序曰。余尝以近世医工。虽处方有据。而用药不精。以至疗发寡效。盖古医药。率多自采。故桐君着采药
录。备花叶形色。别其是非真假。用之决无乖误。服之感得痊愈。而又择郡国地产之良。及春秋秀实之候。今则
不然。药肆不能尽识。但凭采送之人。医工鲜通本草。莫辨良苦之难。加之赝伪。遂以合和。以兹疗治。宜其寡
效。唐室之盛。置药园生本草图。欲悉知其形色气味。用药之精。其慎如此。嘉 初。余在政府。建言重定本草
图经。凡数年而成。例蒙赐本。然药品繁伙。尽形绘事。卷帙颇多。披阅匪易。因录其常用要切者。若干种。别
为图策。以便披检。简则易辨。人得有之。按图而验误真。用之于医。所益多矣。潞国公宽夫记。（文集）
朱子曰。文彦博字宽夫。汾州人。中进士第。事仁宗英宗神宗哲宗。位至丞相。除太尉。以太师致位。（名臣
言行录）
〔庞氏（安时）本草补遗〕佚
宋志本传曰。药有后出。古所未知。今不能辨。尝试有功。不可遗也。作本草补遗。
〔庄氏（季裕）本草节要〕书录解题三卷 佚
陈振孙曰。清源庄季裕撰。
〔崔氏（源）辨误〕艺文略一卷 佚
玉海曰。熙宁中。崔源撰辨误一卷。
〔寇氏（宗 ）本草衍义〕（读书后志作广义）艺文略二十卷（书录解题作十卷）存
自序曰。天地以生成为德。有生所甚重者身也。身以安乐为本。安乐所可致者，以保养为本。世之人必本其
本。则本必固，本既固。发病何由而生。夭横何由而至。此摄生之道。无逮于此。夫草木无知。独假灌溉。矧人
为万物之灵。岂不资以保养。然保养之义。具理万计。约而言之。其术有三。一养神，二惜气。三堤疾。忘情去
智。恬 虚无。离事全真。内外无寄。如是则神不内耗。境不外惑。真一不杂。则神自宁矣。此养神也。抱一元
之本根。固归精之真气。三焦定位。六贼忘形。识界既空。大同斯契。则气自定矣。此惜气也。饮食适时。温凉
合度。出处无犯于八邪。寤寐不可以勉强。则身自安矣。此堤疾也。三者甚易行。然人自以谓难行。而不肯行。
如此虽有长生之法。人罕敦尚。遂至永谢。是以疾病交攻。天和顿失。圣人悯之。故假以保救之术。辅以蠲 之
药。俾有识无识。咸臻寿域。所以国家编撰圣惠。校正素问。重定本草。别为图经。至于张仲景伤寒论。及千金
金匮外台之类。粲然列于书府。今复考拾天下医生。补以名职。分隶曹属。普救世人之疾苦。兹盖全圣至德之君。
合天地之至仁，接物浓生。大赉天下。故野无遗逸之药。世无不识之病。然本草二部。其间不得无惑。今则并考
诸家之说。参之实事。有未尽厥理者。衍之以臻其理。（如东壁土。倒流水。冬灰之类。）隐避不断者。伸之以
见其情。（如水自菊下。过而水香。鼹鼠溺精。坠地而生子。）文简脱误者。证之以明其义。（如
玉泉石蜜之类。）避讳而易名者。原之以存其名。（如山药。避本朝讳。及唐避代宗讳。）使是非归一。治疗有
源。检用之际。晓然无惑。是以搜求访缉者。十有余年。采拾众善。诊疗疾苦。和合收蓄之功。率皆周尽。矧疾
为圣人所谨。无常不可以为医。岂容易言哉。宗 常谓。疾病所可凭者医也。医可据者方也。方可恃者药也。苟
知病之虚实。方之可否。若不能达药性之良毒。辨方宜之早晚。真伪相乱。新陈相错。则曷由去道人陈宿之蛊。
生张果骈洁之齿。此书之意。于是乎作。今则编次成书。谨根据二经类例。分门条析。仍衍序例为三卷。内有名
未用。及意义已尽者。更不编入。其神农本经。名医别录。唐本先附今附。新补新定之目。缘本经已着。目录内
更不声说。依旧作二十卷。及目录一卷。目之曰本草衍义。若博爱卫生之士。志意或同。则更为诠修。以称圣朝
好生之德。时政和六年丙申岁记。
赵希弁曰。本草广义二十卷。上皇朝寇宗 编。以本草二部。着撰之人。或执用己私。失于商榷。并考诸家
之说。参之事实。核其情理。证其脱误。以成其书。
陈振孙曰。本草衍义十卷。通直郎寇宗 撰。援引辨证。颇可观采。
李时珍曰。本草衍义。宋政和中。医官通直郎寇宗 撰。以补注及图经二书。参考事实。核其情理。援引辨
证。发明良多。东垣丹溪诸公。亦尊信之。但以兰花为兰草。卷丹为百合。是其误也。书凡三卷。平阳张魏卿以
其说。分附各条之下。合为一书。
〔朱氏（震亨）本草衍义补遗〕一卷 存
方广曰。丹溪本草衍义补遗。虽另成一书。然陕板蜀板
闽板丹溪心法咸载之。程用光重订丹溪心法。而徽板乃削去之。反不为美。今仍取载书首。使人获见丹溪用药之
旨也。（心法附余）
李时珍曰。此书盖因寇氏衍义之义。而推衍之。近二百种。多所发明。但兰草之为兰花。胡粉之为锡粉。未
免泥于旧说。而以诸药分发五行。失之牵强耳。
〔郑氏（樵）本草成书〕二十四卷 佚
郑樵曰。仲尼之道。传之者不得其传。而最能惑人者。莫甚于春秋诗耳。故欲传诗。以诗之难。可以意度明
者。在于鸟兽草木之名也。故先撰本草成书。其曰成书者。为自旧注外陶弘景名医别录。而附成之。乃为之注释。
最为明白。自景 以来。诸家补注。纷然无纪。樵于是集二十家本草。及诸方书所补治之功。及诸物名之所言。
异名同状，同名异状之实。乃一一纂附。其经文为之注释。凡草经诸儒异录。备于一家书。故曰成书。曰经有三
品。合三百六十五种。以法天三百六十五度。日星经纬。以成一岁也。弘景以为未备。乃取名医别录。以应岁
之数而两之。樵又别扩诸家。以应成岁而三之。自纂成书外。其隐微之物。留之不足取。去之犹可惜也。纂三百
八十八种。曰外类。（夹 遗稿寄方礼部书）
又曰。本草成书。五策。计二十四卷。外类一策。五卷。
宋史本传略曰。郑樵字渔仲。兴化军莆田人。好着书。不为文章。自负不下刘向扬雄。居夹 山。谢绝人事。
久之乃游名山大川。搜奇访古。遇藏书家。必借留读尽乃去。赵鼎张浚而下皆器之。初为经旨。礼乐。文本。天
文。地理。虫鱼草木。方书之学。皆有论辨。绍兴十九年上之。诏藏秘府。樵归益励所学。从者二百余人。以侍
讲王纶贺允中荐。
得召对。因言班固以来历代为史之非。帝曰。闻卿名久矣。敷陈古学。自成一家。何相见之晚耶。授右 功郎。
礼兵部架阁。以御史叶义问劾之。改监潭州南岳庙。给札归抄所着通志书成，入为枢密院编修官。寻兼摄检诸房
文本。请修金正隆官制。比附中国秩序。因求入秘书省。翻阅书籍。未几。又坐言者寝其事。金人之犯边也。樵
言岁星分在宋。金主将自毙。后果然。高宗幸建康。命以通志进。会病卒。年五十九。学人称夹 先生。樵好为
考证伦类之学。成书虽多。大抵博学而寡要。平生甘枯淡。乐施与。独切切于仕进。识者以是少之。
〔本草外类〕五卷 佚
〔刘氏（信甫）新编类要图注本草〕四十二卷 存
题词曰。本草之书。最为备急。世不可阙。旧有神农图经证类。板皆漫灭。大则浩博而难阂，小则疏略而
不备。图相雕刻而不真，舛误者多，今将是书。鼎新刊行。方以类聚。物以群分。附入衍义。草木虫鱼。图相真
楷。药性畏恶。炮炙制度。标列纲领。了然在目。易于检阅。色色详具。三复参校。并无毫发之差。庶用户无
疑。岂曰小补哉。伏幸详鉴。
按刘信甫着有活人事证方。盖嘉定中人也。信甫编是书后。就证类本草中。附以寇氏衍义者。有金平水张
存惠魏卿所刊政和本草。每卷题标下。有己酉添加衍义六字。己酉为宋理宗淳 九年。金亡已十有六年。然存惠
之书。于政和原文。无所节略。信甫之书，则颇加芟汰。二书体裁自异。又有元山医普明真济大师赐紫僧惠昌校
正类编图经集注衍义本草。其卷数板式。一与信甫之书相同。故张本序跋。则既录出于前卷中。慧昌之本。仅附
记其目于此。朱锡鬯曝书亭集。有大观证类本草跋。称以寇氏衍义。附于各条之下。虽于义无损。然非
唐氏之旧。毋亦类于睹皋禽而续凫之颈者欤。
〔宝庆本草〕文渊阁书目。一部一册。完全。（ 竹堂书目作六卷）未见
〔陈氏（衍）宝庆本草折衷〕内阁书目五册不全 未见
张萱等曰。宋绍定间陈衍着。
〔许氏（国祯）至元增修本草〕未见
王圻曰。至元增修本草。世祖至元二十一年。命翰林承旨撒里蛮翰林集贤大学士许国祯。集诸路医学教授增
修。
元史本传曰。许国祯。字进之。绛州曲沃人也。祖济金绛州节度使。父日严荣州节度判官。皆业医。国祯博
通经史。尤精医术。金乱。避地嵩州永军县。河南平。归寓太原。世祖在潜邸。国祯以医征。至翰海留守。掌医
药。庄圣太后有疾。国祯治之。刻期而愈。乃张宴赐坐。太后时年五十三。遂以白金铤如年数赐之。伯撒王妃病
目。治者针误损其明。世祖怒。欲坐以死罪。国祯从容谏曰。罪固当死。然原其情。乃恐怖失次所致。即诛之。
后谁敢复进。世祖意解。且奖之曰。国祯之直。可作谏官。宗王昔班屡请以国祯隶帐下。世祖重韪其请。将遣之。
辞曰。国祯蒙恩拔擢。誓尽心以报。不敢易所事。乃不果遣。世祖过饮马潼。得足疾。国祯进药。味苦却不服。
国祯曰。古人有言。良药苦口利于病。忠言逆耳利于行。已而足疾再作。召国祯入视。世祖曰。不听汝言。果因
斯疾。对曰。良药苦口。既知之矣。忠言逆耳。愿留意焉。世祖大悦。以七宝马鞍赐之。宪宗三年癸丑。从征云
南。机密皆得参与。朝夕未曾离左右。或在告。帝辄为之不悦。九年己未。世祖帅师围鄂州。宋人数百族。诸将
欲坑之。国祯力请止。诛其凶暴。余皆获免。及师
还。招降民数十万口。疲饥颠仆者满道。国祯白。发蔡州军储粮赈之。全活甚众。世祖即位。录前劳。授荣禄大
夫。提点太医院事。赐金符。至元三年。改授金虎符。十二年。迁礼部尚书。国祯尝上疏言。慎财赋。禁服色。
明法律。严武备。设谏官。均卫兵。建学校。立朝仪。事多施行。凡所荐引。皆知名士。士亦归重之。帝与近臣
言及勋旧大臣。因谓国祯曰。朕昔出征。同履艰难者。但卿数人在尔。遂拜集贤大学士。高级光禄大夫。每进见。
帝呼为许光禄而不名。由是内外诸王大臣。皆以许光禄呼之。升翰林集贤大学士。卒。年七十六。
〔李氏（时珍）本草纲目〕国史经籍志五十二卷 存
李时珍曰。本草纲目。明楚府奉祠敕封文林郎蓬溪知县蕲州李时珍东璧撰。搜辑百氏。访采四方。始于嘉靖
壬子。终于万历戊寅。稿凡三易。分为五十二卷。列为一十六部。部各分类。类凡六十。标名为纲。列事为目。
增药三百七十四种。方八千一百六十。
李建元进本草纲目疏曰。湖广黄州府儒学增广生员李建元谨奉为遵奉明例访书。进献本草。以备采择事。臣
伏读礼部仪制司勘合一款。恭请圣明敕儒臣开书局。纂修正史。移文中外。凡名家着述。有关国家典章。及纪君
臣事迹。他如天文乐律。医术方伎诸书。但成一家名言。可以垂于方来者。即访求解送。以备采入艺文志。如已
刻行者。即刷印一部送部。或其家自欲进献者听。奉此。臣故父时珍原任楚府奉祠。奉敕进封文林郎。四川蓬溪
知县。生平笃学。刻意纂修。曾着本草一部。甫及刻成。忽值数尽。撰有遗表。令臣代献。臣窃思之。父有遗命。
而子不遵。何以承先志。父
有遗书。而子不献。何以应朝命。矧今修史之时。又值书之会。臣不揣谫陋。不避斧钺。谨述故父遗表。臣父时
珍幼多羸疾。长成钝稚。耽嗜典籍。若啖蔗饴。考古证今。奋发缩摩。苦志辨疑。订误留心。纂述诸书。伏念本
草一书。关系颇重。误解群氏。谬误亦多。行年三十。力肆校雠。历岁七旬。功始成就。野人炙背食芥。尚欲献
之天子。微臣采珠聚玉。敢不上之明君。昔炎皇辨百谷尝百草。而分别气味之良毒。轩辕师岐伯遵伯高。而剖析
经络之本标。遂有神农本草三卷。艺文录为医家一经。及汉末而李当之始加校修。至梁末而陶弘景益以注释。古
药三百六十五种。以应重卦。唐高宗命司空李 重修。长史苏恭表请。伏定增药一百一十四种。宋太祖命医官刘
翰详校。宋仁宗再诏补注。增药一百种。蜀医唐慎微合为证类。修补众本草五百种，自是人皆指为全书。医则目
为奥典。夷考其间。 瑕不少。有当析而混者。如葳蕤女萎二物。而并入一条。有当并而析者。如南星虎掌一物。
而分为二种。生姜薯蓣。菜也。而列草品。槟榔龙眼。果也。而列木部。八谷。生民之天也。不能明辨其种类。
三菘。日用之蔬也。罔克的别其名称。黑豆赤菽。大小同条。硝石芒硝。水火混注。以兰花为兰草。卷丹为百合。
【文彦博】《节要本草图》已佚。
自序中说：我曾经认为，近世的医生，虽然开方有依据，但用药不精细，导致治疗效果很少见效。大概古代的医药，大多由医者亲自采集，所以桐君撰写了《采药录》，详细记载了花、叶的形状和颜色，辨别其是非真假，使用它绝不会出差错，服用后能感到痊愈。并且选择各郡国出产的优质药材，以及春秋季节草木茂盛成熟的时节（采摘）。现在却不是这样，药店的人不能完全识别药材，只凭借采办送药的人（的口述），医生很少通晓本草学，难以辨别药材的好坏优劣。再加上假冒伪劣的药材混入其中，于是用来配伍合剂，以此进行治疗，效果少是很自然的。唐代盛世时，设置药园生绘制《本草图》，想要完全了解药材的形状、颜色和气味，用药如此精细谨慎。嘉祐初年，我在朝廷任职，建议重新修订《本草图经》，经过几年才完成，按惯例被赐予底本。然而药品繁多，全部描绘形状绘制图像，卷册很多，翻阅不容易。因此摘录其中常用且关键的若干种药材，另外编成图册，以便于查阅。简单则容易辨认，人们能够拥有它，按照图谱来验证真伪，用于医疗，益处很多了。潞国公宽夫（文彦博）记。（出自文集）
朱熹说：文彦博字宽夫，汾州人。考中进士。侍奉仁宗、英宗、神宗、哲宗四位皇帝，官位达到丞相，被授予太尉，以太师身份退休。（出自《名臣言行录》）
【庞安时】《本草补遗》已佚。
《宋史·庞安时传》记载：药物有后来出现的，是古代所不知道的，现在不能辨识，尝试使用如果有功效，不可遗漏。于是撰写《本草补遗》。
【庄季裕】《本草节要》三卷，见《书录解题》，已佚。
陈振孙说：由清源人庄季裕撰写。
【崔源】《辨误》一卷，见《艺文略》，已佚。
《玉海》记载：熙宁年间，崔源撰写《辨误》一卷。
【寇宗奭】《本草衍义》二十卷（《读书后志》作广义），见《艺文略》二十卷（《书录解题》作十卷），现存。
自序中说：天地以生成万物为德行，生命中最看重的是身体。身体以安乐为根本，安乐可以通过保养来达到。世人如果以保养为根本，那么根本必然稳固，根本既已稳固，发病从何而生？夭折横死从何而至？这是养生之道，没有比这更重要的了。草木无知，尚且需要灌溉，何况人是万物之灵，难道不需要依靠保养吗？然而保养的意义，道理万千，简而言之，方法有三条：一是养神，二是惜气，三是堤防疾病（预防疾病）。忘却情感去除智巧，心境恬淡虚无，远离世事保全真性，内外无所寄托。像这样精神就不会在内消耗，外境不会迷惑内心，纯真专一不混杂，精神自然安宁。这就是养神。抱守元一的根本，固守归精的真气，三焦定位，六贼忘形，识界既然空寂，与大道契合，那么气自然安定。这就是惜气。饮食适时，温凉适度，起居不触犯八邪，睡眠不可以勉强，那么身体自然安康。这就是堤防疾病。这三条很容易实行，然而人们自己认为难行而不肯实行。像这样虽然有长生的方法，人们很少推崇崇尚，以至于永远凋谢。因此疾病交相攻击，天和之气顿时丧失。圣人怜悯世人，所以借助保养救助的方法，辅以祛除疾病的药物，使有知识的人和没知识的人，都能达到长寿的境界。所以国家编纂《圣惠方》，校正《素问》，重新审定《本草》，另外编成《图经》。至于张仲景的《伤寒论》，以及《千金方》、《金匮要略》、《外台秘要》之类，灿烂地陈列在皇家藏书阁中。现在又考察搜集天下医生的见解，补充以著名职位，分别隶属各曹属官，普遍拯救世人的疾苦。这大概是具有至高德行的君主，符合天地的至仁之心，接触事物浓厚于生命，广泛赏赐天下。所以荒野中没有被遗漏的药物，世上没有不被认识的疾病。然而《本草》两部著作，其中难免有疑惑不解之处。现在则综合考证各家学说，参考实际事实，有未能穷尽事理的，加以推演以达到其理（如东壁土、倒流水、冬灰之类）。隐晦避讳不断绝的，伸张以显露其情状（如水从菊花下流过而水变香、鼹鼠尿液滴落地上而生出小鼹鼠等）。文字简略脱漏错误的，考证以阐明其意义（如玉泉、石蜜之类）。因避讳而改名的，追溯本源以保存原名（如山药，避本朝讳，以及唐代避代宗讳）。使是非归于统一，治疗有源头，检查使用时，明白无误没有疑惑。因此搜求访查缉录，花了十多年时间，采集众人的善言，诊疗疾苦，调和收集储存的功劳，都很周全详尽。况且疾病是圣人谨慎对待的，无常的道理不可以作为医学的依据，岂能轻易谈论呢？寇宗奭常说，疾病可以凭借的是医生，医生可以依据的是方剂，方剂可以依靠的是药物。如果知道病的虚实，方剂的可行与否，如果不能通达药性的良毒，辨别方剂适宜的早晚，真伪相乱，新旧交错，那么怎么能去除道士陈宿体内的蛊毒，让张果老骈连的牙齿变得洁白呢？这本书的意思，就在此处产生。现在则编排次序成书，严格根据《神农本草经》和《名医别录》的分类体例，分门别类条理分析，仍然将序例扩展为三卷。内有名称存在但未使用的，以及意义已经穷尽的，不再编入。其中《神农本经》、《名医别录》、唐本先附今附、新补新定的条目，因为在本经中已有记载，目录内不再声张说明，依旧分为二十卷，加上目录一卷。命名为《本草衍义》。如果是博爱卫生的人士，志向意趣相同，则再加以修饰修订，以符合圣朝好生的美德。时政和六年丙申岁记。
赵希弁说：《本草广义》二十卷，上皇朝寇宗奭编纂。因为《本草》两部著作，撰写的人，有的固执己见，失于商讨斟酌。于是综合考证各家学说，参考事实，核实情理，证明脱漏错误，从而完成此书。
陈振孙说：《本草衍义》十卷，通直郎寇宗奭撰写。援引辨证，颇为可观可取。
李时珍说：《本草衍义》，宋代政和年间，医官通直郎寇宗奭撰写。用以补充注释及《图经》两书，参考事实，核实情理，援引辨证，发明良多。东垣、丹溪诸位先生，也尊信它。只是把兰花当作兰草，卷丹当作百合，这是他的错误。全书共三卷，平阳人张魏卿把他的说法，分别附在各条之下，合为一书。
【朱震亨】《本草衍义补遗》一卷，现存。
方广说：丹溪的《本草衍义补遗》，虽然另成一书，但是陕西版、四川版、福建版的《丹溪心法》都载有它。程用光重新订正《丹溪心法》，而徽州版却把它删去了，反而不美。现在仍取载于书首，使人得以见到丹溪用药的宗旨。（出自《丹溪心法附余》）
李时珍说：这本书大概是沿袭寇氏《衍义》的意义，而推演发挥的。接近二百种药物，多有发明。只是把兰草当作兰花，胡粉当作锡粉，未免拘泥于旧说，而且把各种药物分发到五行中，失之牵强罢了。
【郑樵】《本草成书》二十四卷，已佚。
郑樵说：仲尼的道，传承的人没有得到真正的传承，而最能迷惑人的，莫过于《春秋》和《诗经》。所以想要传承《诗》，因为《诗》很难懂，可以用心意推测明白的地方，在于鸟兽草木的名称。所以先撰写《本草成书》。之所以叫“成书”，是因为在旧注之外，结合陶弘景的《名医别录》而附会成就它，于是为之注释，最为明白。自从景福以来，诸家补注，纷乱无章。郑樵于是集合二十家本草，以及各方书所补充治疗的功用，以及诸物名称所说的，异名同状、同名异状的实际情况，一一纂集附上。对经文进行注释。凡是草经诸儒的不同记录，完备于一家书中，所以叫“成书”。说经典有三品，合计三百六十五种，以效法天体三百六十五度，日星经纬，以构成一年。陶弘景认为不完备，于是取名《名医别录》，以应合岁数的两倍。郑樵又另外扩充诸家，以应合构成一年的三倍。除了纂成的书之外，那些隐微的事物，留着不足以取用，去掉又觉得可惜。纂集三百八十八种，称为“外类”。（出自《夹漈遗稿寄方礼部书》）
又说：《本草成书》，五策，计二十四卷。外类一策，五卷。
《宋史·郑樵传》大致记载：郑樵字渔仲，兴化军莆田人。喜欢著书，不写文章，自负才华不下刘向、扬雄。居住在夹漈山，谢绝人事往来。很久之后才游历名山大川，搜求奇闻访问古迹，遇到藏书家，一定借来读尽才离开。赵鼎、张浚以下的人都器重他。起初撰写《经旨》，关于礼乐、文本、天文、地理、虫鱼草木、方书之学，都有论辩。绍兴十九年进呈，诏令收藏于秘府。郑樵回去更加激励所学，追随者二百多人。因为侍讲王纶、贺允中的推荐，得到皇帝召见应对。于是陈述班固以来历代修史的弊端。皇帝说：“听说你的大名很久了，阐述古学，自成一家，为何相见这么晚呢？”授予右迪功郎，礼兵部架阁库职务。因为御史叶义问弹劾他，改任监潭州南岳庙。给予纸张让他回去抄写所著的《通志》，书成后，入朝担任枢密院编修官。不久兼任检诸房文本。请求修撰金正隆官制，比照中原秩序。于是请求进入秘书省，翻阅书籍。不久，又因为言官的意见搁置此事。金人侵犯边境时，郑樵说岁星分野在宋，金主将自毙，后果然如此。高宗驾幸建康，命令进献《通志》。恰逢生病去世，享年五十九岁。学者称他为夹漈先生。郑樵喜欢做考证伦类的学问，成书虽然多，大体博学而寡要，平生甘于枯淡，乐于施舍，唯独急切于仕途进取，有见识的人因此轻视他。
《本草外类》五卷，已佚。
【刘信甫】《新编类要图注本草》四十二卷，现存。
题词说：本草之书，最为备急之用，世间不可缺漏。旧有《神农图经证类》，板片都已磨灭模糊。大的方面浩博而难以理解，小的方面疏略而不完备。图谱雕刻不真实，舛误很多。现在是将这本书，重新刊行。方剂以类聚集，药物以群区分。附录进入《衍义》，草木虫鱼，图谱真实楷书，药性畏恶，炮炙制度，标列纲领，了然在目，易于检阅。样样详细具备，反复参校，并无丝毫差错。希望使用者没有疑惑，岂能说只是小补呢？恳请详加审阅。
按：刘信甫著有《活人事证方》，大概是嘉定年间的人。刘信甫编写这本书后，就在《证类本草》中，附录寇氏《衍义》的内容，有金平水张存惠魏卿所刊刻的政和本草，每卷标题下，有“己酉添加衍义”六个字。己酉年是宋理宗淳祐九年，金朝灭亡已经十六年了。然而张存惠的书，对于政和原文，没有节略；刘信甫的书，则颇加删减。两书的体裁自然不同。又有元代山医普明真济大师赐紫僧惠昌校正的《类编图经集注衍义本草》，其卷数板式，一律与刘信甫的书相同。所以张本的序跋，既然收录在前卷中，慧昌的本子，仅附记其目于此。朱彝尊《曝书亭集》中有《大观证类本草跋》，称以寇氏《衍义》附于各条之下，虽然在义理上没有损害，但这不是唐代原本的旧貌，莫非类似于看到皋禽而给野鸭续颈那样画蛇添足吗？
《宝庆本草》，《文渊阁书目》记载一部一册，完整。（《竹堂书目》作六卷）未见。
【陈衍】《宝庆本草折衷》，内阁书目五册不全，未见。
张萱等说：宋代绍定年间陈衍撰写。
【许国祯】《至元增修本草》，未见。
王圻说：《至元增修本草》，世祖至元二十一年，命令翰林承旨撒里蛮、翰林集贤大学士许国祯，召集各路医学教授增修。
《元史·许国祯传》记载：许国祯，字进之，绛州曲沃人。祖父许济曾任金绛州节度使，父亲许日严曾任荣州节度判官，都以医术为业。许国祯博通经史，尤其精通医术。金朝动乱，避难到嵩州永军县。河南平定后，归寓太原。世祖在潜邸时，许国祯以医生身份被征召。历任翰海留守，掌管医药。庄圣太后有病，许国祯治疗她，限期而愈。于是设宴赐坐。太后当时五十三岁，于是赐给他五十三个白金铤。伯撒王妃患眼病，治疗者针刺失误损伤视力，世祖愤怒，想判处死罪。许国祯从容劝谏说：“罪过固然应当处死，然而推究其情由，是因为恐惧失去次序所致。如果立即诛杀，以后谁还敢再进言治病？”世祖怒气消解，并且奖赏他说：“许国祯的直率，可以担任谏官。”宗王昔班多次请求将许国祯编入自己的帐下，世祖很赞许这个请求，将要派遣他。许国祯推辞说：“许国祯蒙受恩惠提拔，发誓尽心报答，不敢改变所侍奉的主君。”于是最终没有派遣。世祖经过饮马潼，得足疾，许国祯进药，味道苦涩却不肯服用。许国祯说：“古人有话说，良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。”不久足疾再次发作，召许国祯入宫诊视。世祖说：“不听你的话，果然因为这个病。”许国祯回答说：“良药苦口，我已经知道了，忠言逆耳，希望您留意。”世祖非常高兴，赐给他七宝马鞍。宪宗三年癸丑年，跟随征讨云南，机密事务都得以参与，朝夕未曾离开左右。有时请假，皇帝就为此不高兴。九年己未年，世祖率领军队包围鄂州，宋朝几百族人，诸将想要活埋他们，许国祯极力请求停止，只诛杀凶暴的人，其余都获得免死。等到军队返回，招降百姓数十万口，疲惫饥饿跌倒在路上的人到处都是。许国祯禀报，打开蔡州军储粮仓赈济他们，保全活下来的人很多。世祖即位，记录以前的功劳，授予荣禄大夫，提点太医院事，赐金符。至元三年，改授金虎符。十二年，升迁礼部尚书。许国祯曾上疏说，谨慎财政赋税，禁止僭越服色，明确法律，严格武备，设立谏官，均衡卫兵，建立学校，确立朝仪，事情大多施行。凡是他推荐的引荐的人，都是知名人士，士人也归附尊重他。皇帝与近臣谈到勋旧大臣，于是对许国祯说：“我从前出征，共同经历艰难险阻的，只有你几个人罢了。”于是拜授集贤大学士，高级光禄大夫。每次进见，皇帝称呼他为许光禄而不直呼其名。因此内外诸王大臣，都称呼他为许光禄。升任翰林集贤大学士。去世，享年七十六岁。
【李时珍】《本草纲目》五十二卷，见《国史经籍志》，现存。
李时珍说：《本草纲目》，明代楚王府奉祠敕封文林郎蓬溪知县蕲州李时珍东璧撰写。搜辑百家学说，访采四方见闻，始于嘉靖壬子年，终于万历戊寅年。稿本总共修改三次，分为五十二卷，列为一十六部，每部各自分类，类共有六十个。标名为纲，列事为目。增加药物三百七十四种，方剂八千一百六十首。
李建元进《本草纲目》疏说：湖广黄州府儒学增广生员李建元恭敬地遵奉明例访书，进献本草，以备采择之事。臣恭读礼部仪制司勘合一款，恭敬地请求圣明的皇帝敕令儒臣开设书局，纂修正史，移文中外。凡是名家著作，有关国家典章，以及记载君臣事迹，其他如天文乐律，医术方伎诸书，只要成为一家名言，可以流传后世的，就访求解送，以备采入艺文志。如果已经刻印发行的，就刷印一部送部。或者其家属自己想进献的听凭处理。奉此命令。臣故父李时珍原任楚府奉祠，奉敕进封文林郎，四川蓬溪知县。生平笃学，刻意纂修。曾著有一部本草，刚刚刻成，忽然遇到寿命终结。撰有遗表，命令臣代为进献。臣私下思考，父亲有遗命，儿子不遵从，凭什么继承先父的意志？父亲有遗书，儿子不进献，凭什么响应朝廷的命令？况且现在是修史之时，又正值书籍汇聚的机会。臣不自量力，不避斧钺之灾，谨述故父遗表。臣父李时珍幼年多病虚弱，长成后迟钝稚嫩，沉迷嗜好典籍，就像吃甘蔗饴糖一样。考古证今，奋发磨砺，苦心志辨疑，订正错误留心。纂述诸书。伏念本草一书，关系颇重，误解百家，谬误也很多。行走三十岁，尽力校对雠校。历经七十岁，功夫才成就。野人晒背吃芥菜，还想献给天子，微臣采集珍珠积聚玉石，敢不上献给圣明的君主？从前炎帝辨别百谷品尝百草，而分别气味的好坏毒性；轩辕黄帝师从岐伯遵循伯高，而剖析经络的本末。于是有《神农本草》三卷，《艺文志》列为医家一经。到了汉代末年，李当之开始加以校修。到了梁朝末年，陶弘景增加注释。古药三百六十五种，以应合重卦。唐高宗命令司空李勣重修，长史苏恭上表请求，伏定增加药物一百一十四种。宋太祖命令医官刘翰详细校勘。宋仁宗再次诏令补注，增加药物一百种。蜀医唐慎微合为《证类本草》，修补众本草五百种，从此人人都指它为全书，医家则目为奥典。仔细考察其中，瑕疵不少。有应当分析却混淆的，如葳蕤、女萎两种药物，却并入一条。有应当合并却分析的，如南星、虎掌一种药物，却分为二种。生姜、薯蓣，是蔬菜，却列在草品中。槟榔、龙眼，是果实，却列在木部。八谷，是百姓的天命，不能明确辨别其种类。三菘，是日常食用的蔬菜，无法确切区别其名称。黑豆、赤菽，大小同列一条。硝石、芒硝，水火混注。把兰花当作兰草，卷丹当作百合。
[Wen Yanbo] *Jieyao Bencao Tu* (Selected Illustrations of Materia Medica) is lost.
In his preface, he said: I have observed that physicians in recent times, although their prescriptions are based on evidence, use medicines imprecisely, resulting in few therapeutic effects. Generally, ancient medical practitioners often collected herbs themselves. Therefore, Tong Jun wrote the *Caoyao Lu* (Record of Herb Collection), detailing the shapes and colors of flowers and leaves to distinguish authenticity and quality. Using such herbs ensures no errors, and patients feel recovered after taking them. Furthermore, one should select high-quality local products from various commanderies and states, and harvest them during the auspicious seasons of spring and autumn when plants are flourishing and mature. This is no longer the case today. Shopkeepers cannot fully identify medicinal materials, relying solely on the collectors' reports. Physicians rarely master the *Bencao* (Materia Medica), making it difficult to distinguish good from bad. Coupled with counterfeit and fake substances mixed into preparations, treatments yield few results, which is natural. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, a botanical garden was established to create *Bencao Tu* (Illustrations of Materia Medica), aiming to thoroughly understand the shape, color, and odor of drugs, demonstrating such precision and caution in medication. In the early Jiayou era, while serving in the government, I proposed revising the *Bencao Tujing* (Illustrated Canon of Materia Medica). It took several years to complete, and by custom, I was granted a copy. However, due to the vast number of drugs, illustrating every shape and form resulted in numerous volumes, making consultation difficult. Thus, I excerpted the commonly used and essential species, compiling them into a separate illustrated manual for easier reference. Simplicity facilitates identification, allowing people to possess it; verifying authenticity against the images greatly benefits medical practice. Recorded by Duke of Lu, Kuanfu (Wen Yanbo). (From Collected Works)
Zhu Xi stated: Wen Yanbo, courtesy name Kuanfu, was from Fenzhou. He passed the imperial examinations and served Emperors Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, and Zhezong, rising to the position of Chancellor. He was conferred the title of Grand Commandant (Taiwei) and retired as Grand Tutor (Taishi). (From *Records of Words and Deeds of Famous Ministers*)
[Pang Anshi] *Bencao Buyi* (Supplemental Additions to Materia Medica) is lost.
According to the biography in the *Song Shi* (History of Song): Medicines may emerge later, unknown to antiquity and indistinguishable today. If trials prove effective, they should not be omitted. Thus, he composed the *Bencao Buyi*.
[Zhuang Jiyu] *Bencao Jieyao* (Essentials of Materia Medica), 3 volumes, recorded in *Shulu Jieti*, is lost.
Chen Zhensun stated: Authored by Zhuang Jiyu of Qingyuan.
[Cui Yuan] *Bianwu* (Clarification of Errors), 1 volume, recorded in *Yiweng Lue*, is lost.
*Yu Hai* records: During the Xining era, Cui Yuan authored *Bianwu*, 1 volume.
[Kou Zongshi] *Bencao Yanyi* (Expanded Meaning of Materia Medica), 20 volumes (recorded as *Guangyi* in *Dushu Houzhi*), recorded in *Yiweng Lue* (20 volumes) or *Shulu Jieti* (10 volumes), extant.
In his preface, he said: Heaven and Earth possess the virtue of generation and creation. Among living things, the body is most valued. The body's foundation is peace and health, which can be achieved through preservation and nourishment. If people take preservation as their foundation, the foundation becomes solid. If the foundation is solid, how can disease arise? How can premature death occur? This is the way of preserving life, nothing surpasses it. Plants and trees are senseless yet require irrigation; how much more so for humans, the spirit of all things, who rely on preservation? The principles of preservation are myriad, but essentially there are three methods: first, nourishing the Spirit (Shen); second, conserving Qi (Vital Energy); third, damming diseases (prevention). Forgetting emotions and discarding artificial wisdom, maintaining tranquility and emptiness, separating from worldly affairs to preserve true nature, with no internal or external attachments—thus the Spirit does not deplete internally nor confuse externally. When purity remains undisturbed, the Spirit naturally calms. This is nourishing the Spirit. Embracing the root of the One, consolidating the true Qi that returns to essence, fixing the Sanjiao (Triple Burner), forgetting the forms of the Six Thieves (sensory desires), emptying the realm of consciousness, and merging with the Great Unity—thus Qi stabilizes. This is conserving Qi. Eating at appropriate times, regulating warmth and coolness, avoiding the Eight Evils (pathogenic factors) in daily activities, and sleeping without force—thus the body remains safe. This is preventing disease. These three are easy to practice, yet people consider them difficult and refuse to do so. Even with methods for longevity, few adhere to them, leading to eternal decline. Consequently, diseases attack mutually, and Heavenly Harmony is lost. The Sages pitied this, thus employing preservation and rescue techniques, assisted by dispelling medicines, so that both the knowledgeable and ignorant may reach the realm of longevity. Hence, the state compiled the *Shenghui Fang* (Holy Grace Formulas), corrected the *Suwen* (Basic Questions), revised the *Bencao*, and created the *Tujing*. Works like Zhang Zhongjing’s *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage), *Qianjin Yaofang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold), *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), and *Waitai Miyao* (Secret Essentials of the Outer Cabinet) are brilliantly preserved in the imperial library. Now, we examine and collect insights from physicians nationwide, appointing distinguished officials to oversee them, universally saving people from suffering. This reflects the supreme virtue of the Sage Emperor, aligning with Heaven and Earth’s utmost benevolence, valuing life deeply, and bestowing gifts upon the world. Thus, no medicinal herb is left in the wild, and no disease goes unrecognized. However, among the two editions of *Bencao*, doubts inevitably exist. We now cross-reference various schools of thought and verify with facts. Where reasoning is incomplete, we expand to clarify principles (e.g., Dongbi Tu [Earth from East Wall], Daoliushui [Flowing Water], Donghui [Winter Ash]). Where meanings are obscure or hidden, we elucidate to reveal their nature (e.g., water flowing under chrysanthemum becoming fragrant, musk deer urine dropping to earth generating offspring). Where text is brief, missing, or erroneous, we corroborate to clarify meaning (e.g., Yuquan [Jade Spring], Shimii [Rock Honey]). Where names were changed due to taboos, we trace origins to restore original names (e.g., Shanyao [Chinese Yam], avoiding the taboo of the current dynasty and Emperor Daizong of Tang). This unifies right and wrong, providing a source for treatment, ensuring clarity and doubt-free usage. Therefore, searching and collecting took over ten years, gathering merits from many sources, diagnosing illnesses, and harmonizing storage efforts comprehensively. Since diseases are treated with caution by Sages, and impermanence cannot serve as medical basis, how can this be discussed lightly? Kou Zongshi often said: What disease relies on is the physician; what the physician relies on is the formula; what the formula relies on is the drug. If one knows the deficiency or excess of the disease and the validity of the formula, but fails to understand the toxicity or efficacy of drugs or the timing appropriateness of formulas, mixing true with false and new with old, how can one remove the gu poison of Daoist Chen Su or whiten the fused teeth of Zhang Guolao? The intent of this book lies here. Now organized into a book, strictly following the categories of the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer’s Materia Medica) and *Mingyi Bielu* (Record of Famous Physicians), classified and analyzed. The preface and examples are expanded into three volumes. Items with names but no usage, or meanings already exhausted, are excluded. Entries from *Shennong Bencao Jing*, *Mingyi Bielu*, Tang additions, new supplements, and new definitions are not repeated in the目录 (Table of Contents) as they are already noted in the main text. The work remains twenty volumes plus one volume of directory, titled *Bencao Yanyi*. For those devoted to universal love and health preservation, if their intentions align, further revisions may be made to honor the Sage Dynasty’s reverence for life. Recorded in the Bing Shen year of Zhenghe Era.
Zhao Xibian stated: *Bencao Guangyi* (Broad Meaning of Materia Medica), 20 volumes, compiled by Kou Zongshi of the Shang Dynasty (Song Dynasty). Since authors of the two *Bencao* editions sometimes acted on personal bias without sufficient deliberation, he cross-referenced various theories, verified facts, checked logic, and corrected errors to complete this work.
Chen Zhensun stated: *Bencao Yanyi*, 10 volumes, written by Kou Zongshi, Tongzhilang. The citations and dialectical analysis are quite valuable.
Li Shizhen stated: *Bencao Yanyi*, written by Kou Zongshi, Tongzhilang and Imperial Physician, during the Zhenghe era of Song. It supplements the *Zhuzhu* (Annotations) and *Tujing* (Illustrated Canon), referencing facts, verifying logic, and citing dialectics, offering many insights. Doctors like Dongyuan and Danxi also respected it. However, he mistakenly identified Lan Hua (Orchid) as Lancao (Agastache) and Juandan (Lily) as Baihe (Lily Bulb). The book consists of three volumes. Zhang Weiqing of Pingyang attached Kou’s comments to relevant entries, combining them into one book.
[Zhu Zhenheng] *Bencao Yanyi Buyi* (Supplemental Additions to Expanded Meaning of Materia Medica), 1 volume, extant.
Fang Guang stated: Danxi’s *Bencao Yanyi Buyi*, though a separate work, is included in the Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Fujian editions of *Danxi Xinfa* (Core Methods of Danxi). Cheng Yongguang’s revised *Danxi Xinfa* deleted it, which is unfortunate. We retain it at the beginning of the book so readers can see Danxi’s principles of medication. (From *Danxi Xinfa Fuyu*)
Li Shizhen stated: This book likely derives its meaning from Kou’s *Yanyi* and expands upon it. It covers nearly two hundred items with many innovations. However, identifying Lancao as Orchid and Hufen (Lead Powder) as Tin Powder shows adherence to old views. Distributing drugs among the Five Elements is forced.
[Zheng Qiao] *Bencao Chengshu* (Completed Book of Materia Medica), 24 volumes, is lost.
Zheng Qiao stated: The Way of Confucius has been transmitted poorly, and few confuse people more than the *Spring and Autumn Annals* and the *Book of Songs*. To transmit the *Songs*, whose difficulty lies in understanding the names of birds, beasts, plants, and trees, I first compiled *Bencao Chengshu*. It is called "Completed" because, beyond old annotations, I integrated Tao Hongjing’s *Mingyi Bielu*. My annotations are clear. Since the Jingfu era, various supplemental annotations have been chaotic. I collected twenty families of *Bencao* and supplementary treatments from various texts, recording actual cases of different names with same appearances and same names with different appearances. I annotated the classic texts. All differing records of herbal classics are gathered in this single work, hence "Completed." The classics contain three grades, totaling 365 species, corresponding to the 365 degrees of heaven, sun, moon, and stars forming a year. Tao Hongjing found this insufficient, adding *Mingyi Bielu* to double the count. I further expanded various sources to triple the count. Besides the compiled book, obscure items are kept as "External Categories" (Wailei), totaling 388 species, deemed too valuable to discard but insufficient for the main text. (From *Clipped Stream Remnants Letter to Minister of Rites*)
He also said: *Bencao Chengshu* comprises five sections, 24 volumes. External Category is one section, 5 volumes.
The *Song Shi* biography briefly states: Zheng Qiao, courtesy name Yuzhong, was from Putian, Xinghua Army. He loved writing but avoided literary composition, boasting talent comparable to Liu Xiang and Yang Xiong. He lived in Clipped Stream Mountain, shunning social interactions. Later, he traveled famous mountains and rivers, seeking wonders and visiting ancient sites, borrowing books from collectors until read thoroughly. Officials like Zhao Ding and Zhang Jun esteemed him. Initially, he wrote *Jingzhi* (Principles of Classics) covering rites, music, texts, astronomy, geography, insects, fish, plants, and medical texts. Presented in the 19th year of Shaoxing, ordered stored in the Secret Library. Zheng Qiao returned home to study harder, attracting over 200 followers. Recommended by Wang Lun and He Yunzhong, he was summoned for an audience. He criticized historians since Ban Gu. The Emperor said, "I have heard your name long. Your exposition of ancient learning forms a unique school. Why meet you so late?" Appointed Right Di Gong Lang, then Clerk in the Ministry of Rites and Military. Impeached by Censor Ye Yiwen, transferred to supervise Nanyue Temple in Tanzhou. Given paper to copy his *Tongzhi* (Comprehensive History). Upon completion, entered court as Compiler in the Bureau of Military Affairs. Concurrently handled texts. Requested to compile Jin Zhenglong official regulations, modeling them on Central Plains order. Requested access to the Secretariat to read books. Soon suspended due to censors’ objections. When Jin invaded, he predicted Jupiter’s position indicated Song’s victory and Jin’s ruler would die, which came true. When Gaozong visited Jiankang, he ordered the presentation of *Tongzhi*. He died of illness at 59. Scholars called him Mr. Clipped Stream. Zheng Qiao specialized in textual criticism and classification. Though prolific, his works were broad but lacked focus. He lived simply, gave generously, but was eager for official promotion, which led some to disdain him.
*Bencao Wailei* (External Categories of Materia Medica), 5 volumes, is lost.
[Liu Xinfu] *Xinbian Leyao Tuzhu Bencao* (Newly Compiled Classified Illustrated Annotations of Materia Medica), 42 volumes, extant.
Preface states: Materia Medica is crucial for emergencies and indispensable. Old editions like *Shennong Tujing Zhenglei* are worn out. Large editions are too vast and hard to grasp; small editions are sparse and incomplete. Illustrations are inaccurate with many errors. This book is newly printed. Formulas are grouped by category, drugs by type. *Yanyi* (Expanded Meaning) is appended. Plants, animals, and minerals are illustrated accurately in regular script. Drug properties, incompatibilities, and processing methods are listed clearly for easy reference. Detailed and accurate after multiple checks, leaving no room for doubt. Is this not a significant supplement? Please review carefully.
Note: Liu Xinfu authored *Huoshiren Zhengfang* and was active around the Jiading era. After compiling this book, he appended Kou’s *Yanyi* to the *Zhenglei Bencao*. The Zhenghe edition published by Zhang Cunhui of Jin Ping Shui includes "Added Yanyi in Jiyou Year" on each volume. Jiyou corresponds to the 9th year of Chunyou era of Emperor Lizong of Song, 16 years after Jin’s fall. Zhang’s edition retains the original Zhenghe text without omission; Liu’s edition is heavily edited. Their styles differ. Another version, corrected by Monk Huichang (Master Puming Zhenji of Yuan Shan), matches Liu’s format. Huichang’s version is only noted here. Zhu Yizun’s *Puxuan Ting Ji* contains a postscript on *Daguan Zhenglei Bencao*, noting that appending Kou’s *Yanyi* to entries, while harmless to meaning, deviates from Tang originals, akin to lengthening a duck’s neck—a futile alteration.
*Baoqing Bencao*, recorded in *Wenyuan Ge Mulu* as one volume, complete. (*Zhutang Mulu* lists 6 volumes). Not seen.
[Chen Yan] *Baoqing Bencao Zhezhong* (Abridged Essence of Baoqing Materia Medica), incomplete 5 volumes in Imperial Library, not seen.
Zhang Xuan et al. stated: Written by Chen Yan during the Shaoding era of Song.
[Xu Guozhen] *Zhiyuan Zengxiu Bencao* (Revised Materia Medica of Zhiyuan), not seen.
Wang Qi stated: In the 21st year of Zhiyuan, Emperor Shizu ordered Hanlin Academician Sariman and University Scholar Xu Guozhen to convene medical professors from various routes for revision.
*Yuan Shi* biography states: Xu Guozhen, courtesy name Jinzhi, was from Quwo, Jiangzhou. His grandfather Xu Ji was Jiedushi of Jinjiangzhou; father Xu Riyuan was Judge of Rongzhou Jiedushi. Both practiced medicine. Xu Guozhen was well-versed in classics and history, especially skilled in medicine. Fleeing Jin chaos, he hid in Yongjun County, Songzhou. After Henan pacified, he settled in Taiyuan. When Emperor Shizu was in his private residence, Xu was recruited as a physician. He served as Governor of Hanhai, managing medicine. He cured Empress Dowager Zhuangsheng within a set time. A banquet was held, and she gifted him 53 silver ingots corresponding to her age of 53. When Princess Bosha suffered eye damage from acupuncture error, Emperor Shizu wanted to execute the doctor. Xu advised, "Death is deserved, but the cause was fear-induced error. Executing him deters future healers." The Emperor relented, praising Xu’s honesty suitable for a censor. Prince Xiban requested Xu join his household; Xu declined, pledging loyalty to the Emperor. When Emperor Shizu developed foot pain and refused bitter medicine, Xu quoted, "Good medicine tastes bitter; loyal words offend the ear." When the pain recurred, Xu reminded the Emperor, who rewarded him with a seven-horse saddle. In the 3rd year of Xianzong (Gui Chou), he accompanied the campaign to Yunnan, participating in secrets. In the 9th year (Ji Wei), during the siege of Ezhou, he saved hundreds of Song civilians from massacre, sparing all but the violent. He distributed grain from Caizhou to feed tens of thousands of surrendered refugees. Upon Emperor Shizu’s accession, he was rewarded with Rank of Ronglu Dafu, Director of Imperial Hospital, and Gold Badge. Promoted to Gold Tiger Tallon in Zhiyuan 3rd year, Minister of Rites in 12th year. He submitted memorials on fiscal prudence, sumptuary laws, legal clarity, military readiness, censorship, balanced guards, education, and court rituals, many implemented. He recommended notable scholars. Emperor Shizu praised him as a companion in hardship, appointing him University Scholar of Jixian and High-ranking Guanglu Dafu. Addressed as "Xu Guanglu," he rose to Hanlin Jixian University Scholar. Died at 76.
[Li Shizhen] *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica), 52 volumes, recorded in *Guoshi Jingzhi*, extant.
Li Shizhen stated: *Bencao Gangmu* was written by Li Shizhen, Dongbi, of Qizhou, Pengxi County, Fengci Official of Chu Prefecture, Ming Dynasty. Collecting from hundreds of sources and four corners, started in Jiasheng Renzi year, finished in Wanli Wuyin year. Revised three times. Divided into 52 volumes, 16 parts, 60 categories. Named "Gang" (Outline) and listed events as "Mu" (Items). Added 374 drugs and 8,160 formulas.
Li Jianyuan’s Memorial Presenting *Bencao Gangmu*: Student Li Jianyuan of Huangzhou Academy, Huguang Province, respectfully presents this Materia Medica per imperial edict to search for books. I read the Ministry of Rites’ document requesting scholars to compile official histories and collect notable works on state rituals, emperor-minister deeds, astronomy, music, and medicine that form unique schools and deserve posterity. Printed books should be sent; family submissions are permitted. My late father, Li Shizhen, former Fengci Official and Magistrate of Pengxi, dedicated his life to scholarship and compilation. He completed a *Bencao* just before printing, but died suddenly, leaving a memorial for me to present. As a son, I must obey his will and respond to the court. Now, during history compilation, presenting this book is timely. My father was frail in youth, slow to develop, but devoured books like sweets. He researched past and present, corrected errors, and compiled texts. Recognizing the importance of *Bencao* and its many errors, he spent thirty years proofreading and seventy years completing the work. Even a common farmer offers roasted back and mustard to the Emperor; how dare I, collecting pearls and jade, withhold this from the Sage Ruler? Ancient Shennong tasted herbs to distinguish flavors and toxins; Yellow Emperor studied with Qibo and Bogao to map meridians. Thus arose *Shennong Bencao*, a medical classic. Li Dang revised it in late Han; Tao Hongjing annotated it in late Liang. The 365 ancient drugs matched the hexagrams. Tang Gaozong ordered Li Ji and Su Gong to add 114 drugs. Song Taizu ordered Liu Han to check; Song Renzong ordered supplements adding 100 drugs. Tang Shenwei’s *Zhenglei Bencao* synthesized 500 drugs, becoming the standard. Yet flaws exist: confusing distinct drugs like Weirui and Nuwei; splitting one drug like Nanxing and Huzhang; listing vegetables like Shengjiang and Shuyu as herbs; listing fruits like Binglang and Longyan as trees; failing to classify the Eight Grains; misidentifying Three Song vegetables; grouping Black Bean and Red Soybean; mixing Nixiao and Mangxiao; mistaking Orchid for Agastache; and Lily for Volcano Lily.