性寒无毒。又曰。微温有小毒。又曰。温无毒。如陈皮则曰。留白者。补胃和中。去白者。消痰泄气。又曰。益
气健胃。香附子则曰。消宽食中。又曰。益气理胃。似此之类。难以枚举。如木通非通草。石脂指作空青。本二
物而指为一物。俾后学何所据哉。余则取诸书。参互订正。名曰药性要略。非敢为明者道。但亦可资后学处方之
一助云尔。嘉靖己巳季冬望后。歙北丰阳七潭郑宁书。
〔沈氏（好问）本草类要〕未见
按上见于浙江通志。
〔许氏（希周）药性粗评〕医藏目录四卷 存
自序略曰。人不可以不知医。而药不可以不明性。秦火之前。岐伯彭缓以神医名。秦火之后。李华张吴以明
医名者。病赖于医。识其原也。医资于药。洞其性也。故药性之作。有本草。有图经。有拾遗。又有四声。有开
宝之详定。又有嘉 之添注。历汉魏唐宋。如隐居东垣诸公。汲汲于此者。谓非有所重而然耶。我先君完斋翁自
少知医。远近时或赖之。及举进士第官大理。乃一疾误于庸医。至今为憾。逮希周继儒业。业儒之暇亦尚轩岐。
后举于乡。嘉靖戊戌上春官不第。归于舟中。取诸家本草玩之。深以浩瀚不可记忆为病。然既不得其详。复不得
其略。亦自负也。于是杂举众药。意味相对者。属之以词。各以所长。着其用焉。 为骈丽。以便诵读。凡一帙。
题曰药性粗评。夫一药而该群用。独取其长。绩之略也。药品溢于一千。而所收五百余条。录之略也。所采有时
月。而岁功隐。所产有州郡。而道地微。推
举之略也。曰草木。而不类其大乔。曰玉石。而不类其轻重。曰禽虫。而不别其水陆。有贵贱。而不别其上下。
检点之略也。谓之粗评固宜。既成。至辛丑北上。中途以不及返舟中。自谓粗评之作。终以一二略者为遗恨。于
是复取诸家本草玩之。详其所生所产。与其功用。各注其条下。而每寓以绪论。又略载其单方。庶几为成书焉。
既成。厘为四卷。而粗评之名不易。自以一得之愚。或有裨于初学也。不惜寡昧。出与四方共之。我朝以医术名
者。曰丹溪先生。彼学人由药性以习脉候。观会通以达病机。期周官之十全。等孙武子之百胜。不待得之三折肱
也。又岂但丹溪之徒而已哉。
〔赵氏（星南）上医本草〕四卷 未见
〔贺氏（岳）药性准绳〕未见
海盐县志曰。贺岳字汝瞻。初因母病。尽购岐黄书诵之。且从四方国手讲究。遂精其术。病者圭勺沾口即奏
功。群邑藩臬。皆延致之。加以宾礼。所着明医会要。医经大旨。诊脉家宝。药性准绳诸书。业医者宗之。
〔俞氏（汝言）本草摘要〕未见
按上见于浙江通志经籍部。
〔薛氏（己）本草约言〕四卷 存
自序曰。夫人凭车而历垣道。登舟而泛安澜。情与境俱适。逮至临大行孟门。瞿塘滟 。则靡不惕然惊。而
又辐脱焉。辔委焉。橹折而帆破焉。则其呼号必倍。而垂援也必力。何也。安危异也。故古先圣人。惟稷教稼。
惟契明伦。而神农氏独于洪荒以前。举凡若草若木。若虫鱼玉石之类。无不备尝而昭示之。宁舍教养。而为此不
急之务哉。诚旷观天下。业已茹毛饮血。老死不相往来。一切经纶。徐听之异
日。而独是风者寒者。暑者湿者。与夫喜怒忧思悲惊恐者。氓之蚩蚩。何所不有。须臾之间。生死判焉。而得不
力为垂援。其如此呼号望救者何哉。故医之道。倍急于教导。而功亦与稷契等。昔人称山中相业。良不诬也。自
是陶弘景而后。增补非一。有所谓唐本蜀本。计一十六家。而言亦弥广。余生也晚。幸秘笈无不发之藏。故余得
游息其间。积有年所。时就本草中。辑其日用不可缺者。分为二种。且别以类志约也。韦编几绝。丹黄斑驳不复
识。因思神农生人之泽。昭垂万祀。而全本浩汗难竟。则斯帙也。其径捷。其功逸。其神不劳。寓目之余。条分
缕指。无不备具。所谓开卷一读。生气满堂者。其在斯乎。因命曰约言。公之海内。庶几案头箧际。可披可携。
一切苦卷帙之繁者。不至尘封简蠹矣乎。嗣是求之素问灵枢诸书。不可谓非登高行远之助云。不然。 在前。
风波在后。而弃尔辅舍尔楫。将车覆康庄。舟横野渡矣。冀其终逾绝险。转危为安也。有是理哉。今天下司农司
铎。盖不乏人。而神农一任。所系尤急。则翼斯人于不死。而因以仰赞稷契之功。端在是矣。毋曰非博观也忽之。
古吴薛己立斋甫题。
苏州府志曰。薛己字新甫。号立斋。性颖异。过目辄成诵。尤殚精方书。于医术无所不通。正德时。选为御
医。擢南京院判。嘉靖间进院使。所着有家居医录十六种。医家多遵守之。
〔程氏（伊芳）释药〕医藏目录四卷 未见
〔陈氏（嘉谟）本草蒙筌〕医藏目录十二卷 存
自序略曰。本草旧多有刻。如大观。则意重寡要。如集要。则词简不该。至于吾邑汪石山续集会编。喜其详
略相
因。工极精密矣。惜又杂采诸家。而讫无的取之论。均未足以语完书也。予时侨居郡城。适从游者日益进。思
欲厘正是书。以引来学。而求免三者之弊。乃取诸旧本。曾通而折衷之。先之气味升降。有毒无毒。次之地产优
劣。采早采迟。又次之诸经所行。七情所具。其制度其藏留。与夫治疗之宜。及诸各贤方书应验者。靡不殚述。
间亦旁掇旧文。窃附臆见。以扩未尽之旨。且虑其繁而不整也。为之砌辑章句。排偶声律。重者删。略者补。吻
者取。乖者遗。内附同种堪治者。并朱书。外续异名相类者。加圈别。首尾该贯。纤悉着明。其义增前。其文减
旧。俾读者易记。无龃龉之患。考者易寻。免琐属之劳。初学由此。日渐造夫精微。亦庶乎行远升高一助也。是
书也。创自嘉靖己未。凡五易稿。七阅岁而始成。题其篇曰本草蒙筌。以授诸弟子。佥曰。先生嘉惠后学之心盛
矣。岂惟以训二三子。须以公诸人人可也。固请寿诸梓。因述颠末。以识岁月云。嘉靖乙丑春二月吉旦。新安八
十翁月明陈嘉谟廷采序。
李时珍曰。本草蒙筌。书凡十二卷。祁门医士陈嘉谟撰。谟字廷采。嘉靖末。根据王氏集要。部次集成。每品
具气味产采。治疗方法。创成对语。以便记诵。间附己意于后。颇有发明。便于初学。名日蒙筌。诚称其实。
〔蔡氏（承植）本草蒙筌撮要〕医藏目录一卷 未见
〔方氏（谷）本草集要〕明史十二卷 未见
〔姚氏（能）药性辨疑〕未见
浙江通志曰。姚能字懋良。号静山。海盐人。善谈论。好吟诗。精于医理。着伤寒家秘心法。小儿正蒙。药
性辨疑诸书。
〔李氏（ ）汤液本草〕未见
按上见松江府志艺文部。
〔李氏（中）本草辨正〕三卷 未见
〔黄氏（渊）本草考证〕二卷 未见
〔严氏（萃）药性赋〕未见
按上三种。见于浙江通志经籍部。
〔冯氏（淑沙）本草病因〕医藏目录一卷 未见
〔张氏（梓）药性类明〕（通行本。作药证类明。）医藏目录二卷 存
〔吴氏（维贞）药性赋大全〕医藏目录十二卷 存
〔皇甫氏（嵩）本草发明〕医藏目录六卷 存
自序曰。医之为道。莫要于识药性。药性明。斯能处方用药以印病。如尺度权衡以应物。而毫末不爽焉。医
道可明矣。本草一经。药品性味具备。补注训义亦详。诚济世之书也。第诸家辏集。各附见闻。其中治病之说。
类多繁衍。每一品药。该疗诸病。多者十数证。少者三四证。漫无专治监治之法。俾用药者。莫知取裁。是以近
世方家。务求简便。乃舍本经专读药性赋等歌括。托为东垣快捷方式之法。而不加察。狃于目前常用之药。于本经中
所载奇异药品。率莫之究。执此以疗病。未免略而弗详。局而弗备。往多缪误。殊戾经旨。至投剂无效。良由药
性不用。制用未当也。嵩承祖父业。深为此虑。于是儒之暇。究心于医。搜辑方书。推本内经。爰及诸本草东垣
汤液丹溪药性等书。参阅考订。求其旨要。着为本草发明六卷。卷分列上下部。其间如某药专治某病。某药监某
药。以某药为君。某药佐之为引用。分专治监治之法。各有攸宜。于常用要用药品列在上部。更加详着。其稀用
奇品。列于下部者。亦发明之。以备参用。虽未敢云窥羲黄之奥。溯汤液之源。然经义略明。而临证用药处方者。
庶知旨要。不致泛泛无从矣。用是汇诸编以俟明者裁之。时万历戊寅夏。武林皇甫嵩述。
〔王氏（文洁）太乙仙制本草药性大全〕八卷 存
〔李氏（中立）本草原始〕医藏目录八卷 存
马应龙序曰。医虽方伎尔。然理微而道大。用广而功切。故称仁术焉。上古神农氏始尝百草而知药。轩辕氏
咨访岐伯伯高少俞而知脉。后世始有生生之术矣。夫人之五脏六腑。气脉周流。阴阳穴络。上按天道。下俾地
理。非冥心聚精。博考沉思。不能入其奥妙。而况粗浮之气。疏略之见。又何当焉。余幼善病。留心此技。二十
余年。仅得其梗概以自卫。宰杞时。得李中立氏。年幼而姿敏。多才艺。其医虽不敢即谓与古人方驾。而偏至之
能。有足取焉。所着有本草原始。夫本草者。医之肯綮也。之生而致死。之死而致生。所系在呼吸间。可弗慎乎。
李君核其名实。考其性味。辨其形容。定其施治。运新意于法度之中。标奇趣于寻常之外。皆手自书。而手自图
之。抑勤且工矣。书成遣人邸中。丐余一言以传。余以为昔人读尔雅不熟。为蟛蜞所误。考白泽不审。陷 囊于
亡然。则非有易牙之口。不能辨淄渑之水。非有师旷之聪。不能 劳薪之味。故古人不三折肱。不称良医。吾与
子固无所用其患矣。特以告夫来者。
朱彝尊高士李君塔铭曰。君先世曰尚衮。曰中立。皆举进士。尚衮未授官。中立为大理寺右评事。
〔贾氏（所学）药品化义〕十三卷 存
李延 序曰。古谓用药救生。用兵救乱。其事急。其义一也。故处方犹之五花八阵。而药者特其甲仗之属。
借以克敌。若甲仗朽钝。是以卒予敌也。更或长短异宜。先后倒
置。直可以不战而败。救乱云乎哉。则将以救生者。亦可以肃然惧惕然悟矣。着本草者。自神农以来。不下数十
家。多繁简失中。读者尝苦其不适于用。余甲申游禾中。偶得贾君九如所着药品化义。其为区别发明。诚一世之
指南。问其里人。有不闻其姓氏者。嗟乎。岂九如精技入神。世人不见贵重。故名没于州党。抑所号圣医者。学
不必如九如。而已足擅名。皆不得而知也。是书藏之笥中甚久。戊午客浙西。伏暑中曝书。复见九如本。如逢故
人。乃命儿子汉征。较正重梓问世。凡善读此书者。当处方之际。直令垒壁一新。岂独为九如重关生面也乎。
按是书。题曰赵郡李延 期叔着。朱彝尊高士李君塔铭。又有补撰药品化义之目。然据李序。则全出于贾氏
者也。
（该书）药性寒凉，无毒。又有的说法是：微温，有小毒。还有的说法是：温性，无毒。对于陈皮，则说：保留白瓤的，能补胃和中；去掉白瓤的，能消痰理气。又说：能益气健胃。对于香附子，则说：能消除脘腹胀满、消食导滞。又说：能益气理胃。像这样类似的记载，多得无法一一列举。比如木通被误认为是通草，石脂被当作空青。本是两种药物，却指认为一种药物，这让后学者依据什么呢？我则是选取各种书籍，互相参照订正，命名为《药性要略》。不敢向高明的人夸耀，只是也可以作为后学者处方时的一个参考罢了。嘉靖己巳年冬季望日之后，歙县北丰阳七潭郑宁书写。
〔沈氏（好问）《本草类要》〕未见
按：上述见于《浙江通志》。
〔许氏（希周）《药性粗评》〕医藏目录四卷 存
自序大致说：人不可以不懂医学，而药物不可以不明白其性质。秦火之前，岐伯、彭铿以神医闻名；秦火之后，李华、张吴以明医闻名。疾病依赖医生，是因为要认识疾病的本源；医生依靠药物，是因为要透彻药物的性质。所以关于药性的著作，有《本草》，有《图经》，有《拾遗》，又有《四声》，有加宝朝的详定，又有嘉泰朝的添注。历经汉、魏、唐、宋，像隐居先生、东垣先生各位公卿，急切致力于此，难道不是有所重视才这样的吗？我的先父完斋翁从小懂医，远近的人有时依赖他。等到考中进士，担任大理寺官职时，却因为一次疾病被庸医误治，至今成为遗憾。等到希周继承儒业，在从事儒学的闲暇之余也崇尚黄帝、岐伯的医术。后来在乡试中举，嘉靖戊戌年春天参加礼部考试未中，回到船上，取出各家本草书研读，深深觉得内容浩瀚难以记忆是个毛病。然而既然得不到其中的详细，也得不到其中的简略，这也是一种自负啊。于是杂举众多药物，将意味相对的药物，用词赋的形式连接起来，各自发挥所长，注明其用途。写成骈文丽句，以便诵读。共成一册，题名为《药性粗评》。一种药物包含多种用途，只取其长处，这是记录的简略。药品超过一千种，而收录五百多条，这是记录的简略。所采集的有季节月份，但岁功隐没；产地有州郡，但道地药材的特征微弱，这是推举的简略。称为草木，但不分类其大小乔木；称为玉石，但不分类其轻重；称为禽虫，但不分别其水陆生活习性；有贵贱之分，但不分别其上下等级，这是检点的简略。称之为“粗评”确实适宜。成书后，到辛丑年北上，中途因为来不及返回船上，自认为《粗评》之作，最终因一二处简略而成为遗恨。于是再次取出各家本草书研读，详细说明其生长产地及其功用，在各条目下加注，并且每篇附上绪论，又简要记载其单方，差不多算是一部完整的书了。既成书，分为四卷，而“粗评”的名字不改，自认为一得之愚见，或许对初学者有帮助。不惜浅陋，拿出来与四方人士共同分享。本朝以医术闻名的，是丹溪先生。那些学人通过药性来学习脉候，观察会通以通达病机，期望达到周官所说的十全十美，等同于孙武子的百战百胜，不需要经过多次折肱（比喻经验丰富）就能做到。这哪里仅仅是丹溪的门徒而已呢？
〔赵氏（星南）《上医本草》〕四卷 未见
〔贺氏（岳）《药性准绳》〕未见
《海盐县志》说：贺岳字汝瞻。起初因为母亲生病，购尽岐黄之书诵读，并且向四方国手请教研究，于是精通医术。病人只要沾口即见效验，全县的藩司、臬司官员都聘请他，并以宾客之礼相待。所著《明医会要》、《医经大旨》、《诊脉家宝》、《药性准绳》等书，从事医学的人尊崇它。
〔俞氏（汝言）《本草摘要》〕未见
按：上述见于《浙江通志》经籍部。
〔薛氏（己）《本草约言》〕四卷 存
自序说：人凭借车子翻越城墙道路，登上船只在安澜的水面上泛舟，心情与环境都舒适。等到面临大的行程、孟门山、瞿塘滟滪堆时，无不惊恐警惕，而且车辐脱落，缰绳委地，船桨折断，帆篷破裂，那么呼号求救必定加倍，垂援拉救必定用力。为什么呢？安危不同啊。所以古先圣人，只有后稷教稼穑，只有契阐明伦理，而神农氏独自在洪荒以前，凡是有草有木，有虫鱼玉石之类，没有不亲自尝试并昭示众人的。难道舍弃教养，而做这种不急迫的事务吗？诚然纵观天下，人们已经茹毛饮血，老死不相往来，一切经纶大业，慢慢听任于异日，而唯独那风、寒、暑、湿，以及喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊，百姓愚昧无知，何者没有？片刻之间，生死就判定了，怎么能不极力为之垂援，像那样呼号望救一样呢？所以医学之道，比教导更急迫，而功效也与后稷、契相等。古人称颂山中宰相（陶弘景）的功业，确实不虚假。从此陶弘景以后，增补的不止一家，有所谓唐本、蜀本，共计十六家，言论也更加广泛。我生得晚，幸好秘笈无不发掘收藏，所以我得以游息其间，积累多年。时常从《本草》中辑录日常生活中不可缺少的药物，分为两类，并且分别以类别志录，力求简约。韦编三绝，丹黄斑驳不再识别。想到神农养育人类的恩泽，昭垂万代，而全本浩繁难以穷尽，那么这一册书，路径快捷，功效省力，精神不劳损。翻阅之余，条理分明，无一不备具。所谓开卷一读，生气满堂，大概就在这里吧。因此命名为《约言》，公布于海内，希望案头箱边，可以披阅携带，一切苦于卷帙繁多的人，不至于让书尘封虫蛀了。此后求之于《素问》、《灵枢》诸书，不可以说是登高行远的帮助。不然的话，危险在前，风波在后，而抛弃你的辅助工具，舍弃你的船桨，将会使车翻覆在康庄大道上，舟横渡在野外渡口，希望最终越过绝险，转危为安，有这样的道理吗？如今天下掌管农业和教育的官员，大概不乏其人，而神农的职责，关系尤其急迫，那么救助这些人免于死亡，从而仰赞后稷、契的功绩，关键就在这里了。不要说因为不广博观看而忽视它。古吴薛己立斋甫题。
《苏州府志》说：薛己字新甫，号立斋。性格聪颖特异，过目辄能背诵，尤其专心于方书，对于医术无所不通。正德年间，选为御医，提拔为南京院判。嘉靖年间进升为院使。所著有《家居医录》十六种，医家多遵守它。
〔程氏（伊芳）《释药》〕医藏目录四卷 未见
〔陈氏（嘉谟）《本草蒙筌》〕医藏目录十二卷 存
自序大致说：《本草》旧刻本很多，如《大观》，则意重而寡要；如《集要》，则词简而不该备。至于我们县的汪石山续集会编，喜欢其详略相因，工极精密了，可惜又杂采诸家，而没有确切的取舍理论，都不足以称为完书。我当时侨居郡城，恰好跟随求学的人日益增多，想要厘定校正这本书，以引来后学，从而避免这三种弊端。于是取各种旧本，曾经通读而折衷之。先讲气味升降，有毒无毒，其次讲地产优劣，采早采迟，再次讲诸经所行，七情所具。其炮制制度，其贮藏留置，以及治疗的适宜，和各贤人方书中应验的，无不详尽叙述。偶尔旁征旧文，私下附上自己的见解，以扩充未尽的宗旨。并且担心它繁杂而不整齐，为之砌辑章句，排偶声律，重的删减，略的补充，吻合的取用，乖谬的遗弃。内部附有同种可治疗的，并用朱笔书写。外部续加异名相似的，加圈区别。首尾连贯，纤悉着明。其义增加于前，其文减少于旧，使读者容易记忆，无龃龉之患；考证者容易寻找，免琐碎连属之劳。初学者由此，日渐造乎精微，也差不多是行远升高的一助。这本书，创始于嘉靖己未年，凡五次改稿，七年才完成。题其篇名为《本草蒙筌》，授予弟子们。众人都说：“先生嘉惠后学的心意盛大了。”岂只是用来训导二三子，必须把它公之于人人皆可。坚决请求刻印，因此陈述始末，以记录岁月。嘉靖乙丑年春二月吉日，新安八十翁月明陈嘉谟廷采序。
李时珍说：《本草蒙筌》，书共十二卷，祁门医士陈嘉谟撰。谟字廷采，嘉靖末年，根据王氏《集要》，部次集成。每品具备气味产地采收，治疗方法，创成对语，以便记诵。偶尔附上自己的意见在后面，颇有发明，便于初学者。名叫《蒙筌》，确实名副其实。
〔蔡氏（承植）《本草蒙筌撮要》〕医藏目录一卷 未见
〔方氏（谷）《本草集要》〕明史十二卷 未见
〔姚氏（能）《药性辨疑》〕未见
《浙江通志》说：姚能字懋良，号静山，海盐人。善于谈论，喜好吟诗，精通医理，著有《伤寒家秘心法》、《小儿正蒙》、《药性辨疑》等书。
〔李氏（ ）《汤液本草》〕未见
按：上述见于《松江府志》艺文部。
〔李氏（中）《本草辨正》〕三卷 未见
〔黄氏（渊）《本草考证》〕二卷 未见
〔严氏（萃）《药性赋》〕未见
按：上述三种，见于《浙江通志》经籍部。
〔冯氏（淑沙）《本草病因》〕医藏目录一卷 未见
〔张氏（梓）《药性类明》〕（通行本，作《药证类明》。）医藏目录二卷 存
〔吴氏（维贞）《药性赋大全》〕医藏目录十二卷 存
〔皇甫氏（嵩）《本草发明》〕医藏目录六卷 存
自序说：医学之道，没有比认识药性更重要的了。药性明了，才能处方用药以印证病情，如同尺度权衡以应对事物，而毫厘不差。医道就可以明白了。《本草》一经，药品性味具备，补注训义也详细，确实是济世之书。只是各家汇集，各附见闻，其中治病之说，大多繁衍。每一味药，治疗多种疾病，多的十几证，少的三四证，漫无专门治疗和监制的方法，使得用药的人，不知道如何取舍。因此近代方家，务求简便，于是舍弃本经专门读《药性赋》等歌诀，托名为东垣快捷方式之法，而不加考察，拘泥于目前常用的药物，对于本经中所载奇异药品，大都不去探究。执此来疗病，未免疏略而不详细，局限而不完备，以往多有谬误，违背经旨。至于投药无效，确实是由于药性不用，制用不当造成的。嵩继承祖父学业，深深为此忧虑。于是在儒学之余，潜心于医，搜辑方书，推本《内经》，以及诸本草、东垣《汤液》、丹溪《药性》等书，参阅考订，寻求其旨要，著成《本草发明》六卷。卷分列上部下部。其中如某药专治某病，某药监制某药，以某药为君，某药佐使之引用，分专治监制的方法，各有适宜。对于常用要用药品列在上部，更加详细注明。其稀用奇品，列于下部的，也加以发明，以备参用。虽然不敢说窥探羲黄之奥妙，追溯汤液之源，然而经义略微明了，而临证用药处方的人，大概知道旨要，不至于泛泛无从。因此汇诸编以待高明者裁断。时万历戊寅夏，武林皇甫嵩述。
〔王氏（文洁）《太乙仙制本草药性大全》〕八卷 存
〔李氏（中立）《本草原始》〕医藏目录八卷 存
马应龙序说：医学虽然是方技，然而理微而道大，用广而功切。所以称为仁术。上古神农氏开始尝百草而知药，轩辕氏咨询岐伯、伯高、少俞而知脉。后世才有生生之术。人的五脏六腑，气脉周流，阴阳穴络，上按天道，下俾地理，不是冥心聚精，博考沉思，不能进入其奥妙。何况粗浮之气，疏略之见，又怎么当得起呢？我小时候善于生病，留心此技，二十多年，仅得其梗概以自卫。宰杞时，得到李中立氏，年幼而姿敏，多才艺。其医虽然不敢立即说与古人方驾，而偏至之能，有值得取法的。所著有《本草原始》。夫《本草》，是医的关键所在。使之生而死，使之死而生，所系在呼吸之间，可以不慎重吗？李君核实其名实，考其性味，辨其形容，定其施治，运新意于法度之中，标奇趣于寻常之外，都是亲手书写，而亲手绘图，可谓勤劳且精工了。书成派人送到京城，乞求我写一言以流传。我认为昔人读《尔雅》不熟，被蟛蜞所误；考《白泽》不审，陷入囊于亡然（典故，指识物不明），那么没有易牙的口，不能辨别淄渑之水；没有师旷的聪，不能辨别劳薪之味。所以古人不到三次折肱，不称良医。我与子本来没有什么可担忧的。特以此告知后来者。
朱彝尊《高士李君塔铭》说：君的先世叫尚衮，叫中立，都考中进士。尚衮未授官，中立为大理寺右评事。
〔贾氏（所学）《药品化义》〕十三卷 存
李延序说：古话说用药救生，用兵救乱，其事急，其义一也。所以处方犹如五花八阵，而药是其甲仗之类。借以克敌，如果甲仗朽钝，是以卒予敌也。或者长短异宜，先后倒置，直可以不战而败，救乱云乎哉。那么将以救生者，也可以肃然惧惕然悟矣。著《本草》者，自神农以来，不下数十家，多繁简失中，读者常苦其不适于用。余甲申年游禾中，偶然得到贾君九如所著《药品化义》。其为区别发明，诚一世之指南。问其里人，有不闻其姓氏者。嗟乎！岂九如精技入神，世人不见贵重，故名没于州党？抑所号圣医者，学不必如九如，而已足擅名，皆不得而知也。是书藏之笥中甚久，戊午年客浙西，伏暑中曝书，复见九如本，如逢故人，乃命儿子汉征，较正重梓问世。凡善读此书者，当处方之际，直令垒壁一新，岂独为九如重关生面也乎。
(It is) cold in nature and non-toxic. Another view states: slightly warm, with slight toxicity. Yet another view states: warm in nature, non-toxic. Regarding Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), it is said that retaining the white pith tonifies the stomach and harmonizes the middle jiao, while removing the white pith resolves phlegm and directs qi downward. It is also stated to benefit qi and strengthen the stomach. Regarding Xiangfu Zi (Cyperus Rhizome), it is said to relieve abdominal distension and promote digestion. It is also stated to benefit qi and regulate the stomach. There are such similar records that they cannot be enumerated one by one. For instance, Mutong (Akebia Stem) is mistaken for Tongcao (Tetrapanacis Medulla), and Shizhi (Kaolinite) is taken as Kongqing (Azurite). Although these are two distinct substances, they are identified as one, leaving future students without a basis for reference. I have selected various texts, cross-referenced and corrected them, naming this work *Yaoxing Yaolüe* (Essentials of Drug Properties). I dare not present this to experts, but it may serve as a reference for future practitioners when prescribing. Written by Zheng Ning of Qitan, Fengyang North, Shexian, after the full moon of the winter season in the Jisi year of the Jiajing reign.
[Shen Hao-wen's *Bencao Lei Yao* (Classified Essentials of Materia Medica)] Not seen.
Note: The above is recorded in the *Zhejiang Tongzhi* (General Gazetteer of Zhejiang).
[Xu Xizhou's *Yaoxing Cuping* (Rough Evaluation of Drug Properties)] *Yicang Mulù* (Catalogue of Medical Treasures), 4 volumes. Extant.
The preface roughly states: One cannot be without knowledge of medicine, and drugs cannot be without understanding their properties. Before the burning of books in the Qin dynasty, Qibo and Peng Huan were famous as divine physicians; after the burning, Li Hua and Zhang Wu were famous as enlightened physicians. Diseases rely on physicians because one must understand their origins; physicians rely on drugs because one must penetrate their natures. Therefore, works on drug properties include *Bencao* (Materia Medica), *Tujing* (Illustrated Classics), *Shiyi* (Supplementary Records), *Sisheng* (Four Tones), the detailed determinations of the Kaibao era, and the additions of the Jiatai era. Spanning Han, Wei, Tang, and Song dynasties, figures such as the Recluse Master (Chen Yilong) and Dongyuan Master (Li Gao) eagerly devoted themselves to this. Is it not because they valued it highly? My late father, Wozhai, knew medicine from a young age, and people from near and far relied on him. When he passed the imperial examinations and served as an official in the Court of Judicature and Revision, he was once misdiagnosed by a mediocre physician due to an illness, which remains a regret to this day. When Xizhou succeeded in Confucian studies, he also studied the arts of Huangdi and Qibo in his leisure. Later, he passed the provincial examination but failed the metropolitan examination in the spring of the Wuxu year of Jiajing. Returning to his boat, he studied various Bencao texts, deeply troubled by their vastness and difficulty to memorize. However, lacking both detail and summary, this was also a form of arrogance. Thus, he gathered various drugs, paired those with contrasting meanings, connected them with poetic verses, highlighted their strengths, and noted their uses. He composed parallel prose to facilitate recitation. The entire volume is titled *Yaoxing Cuping*. To cover multiple uses of a single drug by focusing on its primary strength is a simplification. With over a thousand drug types but only five hundred entries recorded, this is a simplification. Recording seasonal months obscures annual efficacy; recording production regions obscures authentic geographical origins. This is a simplification in selection. Classifying plants and stones without distinguishing size or weight, birds and insects without distinguishing aquatic or terrestrial habits, and precious items without distinguishing hierarchy, represents a simplification in organization. Calling it a "Rough Evaluation" is indeed appropriate. Upon completion, during his journey north in the Xin-chou year, he realized he had left the boat too early and felt regret over the omissions. He thus re-examined various Bencao texts, detailing growth, origin, and functions, adding notes to each entry, including introductory essays, and briefly recording simple prescriptions, aiming to create a complete book. The final work was divided into four volumes, retaining the name *Cuping*, believing that even humble insights might aid beginners. He generously shared it with scholars everywhere. In our dynasty, Danxi Xiansheng is renowned for medical skill. Scholars learn pulse diagnosis through drug properties, observe interactions to understand disease mechanisms, aiming for the perfection described in the Zhouli and the victory rate of Sun Tzu, without needing the experience of breaking one's arm three times. This applies not only to Danxi's disciples.
[Zhao Xingnan's *Shangyi Bencao* (Materia Medica of the Superior Physician)] 4 volumes. Not seen.
[He Yue's *Yaoxing Zhunsheng* (Standard Rules of Drug Properties)] Not seen.
The *Haiyan County Gazetteer* states: He Yue, courtesy name Ruzhan, initially purchased all books on Qi-Huang (Yellow Emperor and Shennong) due to his mother's illness and studied with master physicians from various regions, thereby mastering medical skills. Patients experienced immediate effects upon taking his remedies. Provincial officials invited him with great honor. His works, including *Minghui Huiyao*, *Yijing Dazhi*, *Zhenmai Jiabao*, and *Yaoxing Zhunsheng*, are revered by medical practitioners.
[Yu Ru-yan's *Bencao Zhaoyao* (Essential Summary of Materia Medica)] Not seen.
Note: The above is recorded in the *Jingji Bu* (Section on Bibliography) of the *Zhejiang Tongzhi*.
[Xue Ji's *Bencao Yuoyan* (Brief Words on Materia Medica)] 4 volumes. Extant.
The preface states: A person traveling by cart over walls or boating on calm waters feels comfortable. But when facing dangerous paths like Mengmen Mountain or the Yan-yu Shoal in Qutang Gorge, one becomes terrified, fearing broken axles, loose reins, broken oars, and torn sails. In such cases, cries for help are doubled, and rescue efforts are intensified. Why? Because safety and danger differ. Thus, ancient sages focused on Houji teaching agriculture and Xie clarifying ethics. Only Shennong, in the primordial era, tasted all grasses, trees, insects, fish, jade, and stones to demonstrate them. Did he abandon education for such urgent matters? Observing the world where people lived in barbarism, dying without contact, and postponing civilization, why did he focus solely on wind, cold, heat, dampness, and the seven emotions (joy, anger, worry, thought, sadness, fear, shock) that cause sudden death among the ignorant masses? Must he not strive to save them as urgently as one cries out for help? Thus, medicine is more urgent than teaching, and its merit equals that of Houji and Xie. The ancient praise for Tao Hongjing as the "Prime Minister in the Mountains" is well-founded. Since Tao Hongjing, numerous supplements appeared, including Tang and Shu editions, totaling sixteen families, with expanding theories. Born late, I fortunately accessed secret collections, allowing me to study there for years. I compiled daily essential drugs from Bencao, categorizing them for brevity. After extensive study, considering Shennong's enduring grace and the unwieldiness of complete texts, this concise volume offers a quick path, saving effort and spirit. Opening it fills one with vital energy. Hence named *Yuoyan*, published for all, so it can be carried at hand, preventing neglect due to bulk. It aids in studying *Suwen* and *Lingshu*. Otherwise, facing danger ahead and waves behind, abandoning one's tools leads to disaster. Can one hope to turn danger into safety this way? Today, officials managing agriculture and education are plentiful, but the duty of Shennomb is critical. Saving lives and assisting the merits of Houji and Xie depend on this. Do not dismiss it for lack of breadth. Written by Li-zhai Fu of Guwu, Xue Ji.
The *Suzhou Prefecture Gazetteer* states: Xue Ji, courtesy name Xin-fu, pseudonym Li-zhai, was intelligent and could memorize what he read. He specialized in medical formulas and mastered all medical arts. Selected as Imperial Physician during the Zhengde reign, promoted to Vice President of the Nanjing Medical Bureau, and advanced to President during the Jiajing reign. His *Jiaju Yilu* (16 volumes) is widely followed by physicians.
[Cheng Yifang's *Shiyao* (Explanation of Drugs)] *Yicang Mulù*, 4 volumes. Not seen.
[Chen Jiamo's *Bencao Mengquan* (Primer of Materia Medica)] *Yicang Mulù*, 12 volumes. Extant.
The preface roughly states: Old Bencao editions vary. *Daguan* is dense but lacks key points; *Jiyao* is concise but incomplete. Wang Shishan's compilation is detailed and precise but mixes sources without clear criteria, failing to be a complete work. While residing in the prefecture, as students increased, I sought to correct this text to guide learners and avoid these flaws. I consulted old editions, synthesized them, and organized them by flavor, ascending/descending movements, toxicity, origin, harvest time, meridian affinity, and Seven Emotions. I detailed processing, storage, therapeutic indications, and verified prescriptions from sages. Occasionally citing old texts and adding personal insights, I expanded on unresolved points. To avoid clutter, I structured chapters with rhythmic couplets, deleting redundancies, supplementing omissions, and discarding errors. Common drugs are listed in the upper section with detailed explanations; rare drugs in the lower section are also clarified. Though I dare not claim to grasp the profound mysteries of Fuxi and Shennong, this clarifies classic principles, aiding clinical practice. Compiled in the Jiwu year of Jiajing, revised five times over seven years, titled *Bencao Mengquan* for my disciples. They praised my dedication to educating the young and urged publication. Thus, I record the history. Written by Chen Jiamo, aged eighty, in Xin'an, on an auspicious day in February of the Yichou year of Jiajing.
Li Shizhen states: *Bencao Mengquan* consists of twelve volumes, written by Chen Jiamo, a physician from Qimen. Courtesy name Tingcai. In the late Jiajing period, based on Wang's *Jiyao*, he organized and integrated it. Each drug includes flavor, origin, harvest, and treatment methods, presented in couplets for easy memorization. Personal comments are added, offering innovations beneficial to beginners. The title *Mengquan* (Primer) is apt.
[Cai Chengzhi's *Bencao Mengquan Cuoyao* (Essentials of Bencao Mengquan)] *Yicang Mulù*, 1 volume. Not seen.
[Fang Gu's *Bencao Jiyao* (Collected Essentials of Materia Medica)] *Mingshi* (History of Ming), 12 volumes. Not seen.
[Yao Neng's *Yaoxing Bianyi* (Differentiating Doubts in Drug Properties)] Not seen.
The *Zhejiang Tongzhi* states: Yao Neng, courtesy name Maoliang, pseudonym Jingshan, from Haiyan. He was eloquent, loved poetry, and excelled in medical theory. He authored *Shanghan Jia Mixinfafa*, *Xiao'er Zhengmeng*, and *Yaoxing Bianyi*.
[Li [Name Missing]'s *Tangye Bencao* (Decoction Materia Medica)] Not seen.
Note: The above is recorded in the *Yiwen Bu* (Section on Literature) of the *Songjiang Prefecture Gazetteer*.
[Li Zhong's *Bencao Bianzheng* (Corrective Analysis of Materia Medica)] 3 volumes. Not seen.
[Huang Yuan's *Benkao Zhengkao* (Textual Research on Materia Medica)] 2 volumes. Not seen.
[Yan Cui's *Yaoxing Fu* (Ode to Drug Properties)] Not seen.
Note: The above three are recorded in the *Jingji Bu* of the *Zhejiang Tongzhi*.
[Feng Shusha's *Bencao Bingyin* (Etiology of Materia Medica)] *Yicang Mulù*, 1 volume. Not seen.
[Zhang Zi's *Yaoxing Leiming* (Classified Clarity of Drug Properties)] (*Tongxingben* makes it *Yaozheng Leiming*.) *Yicang Mulù*, 2 volumes. Extant.
[Wu Weizhen's *Yaoxing Fu Daquan* (Complete Ode to Drug Properties)] *Yicang Mulù*, 12 volumes. Extant.
[Huangfu Song's *Bencao Faming* (Invention/Elucidation of Materia Medica)] *Yicang Mulù*, 6 volumes. Extant.
The preface states: The most crucial aspect of medicine is knowing drug properties. Understanding properties allows prescribing to match diseases, like using measures to weigh objects accurately. *Bencao* details drug flavors and properties, making it a lifesaving text. However, previous compilations mixed observations, listing many symptoms per drug without specific guidance, confusing prescribers. Modern practitioners simplified this by relying on rhymed mnemonics like *Yaoxing Fu*, ignoring rare drugs in the classics, leading to superficial and incomplete treatments. Errors arose from improper use and preparation. Inheriting my grandfather's legacy, I studied medicine alongside Confucianism, consulting *Neijing*, various Bencaos, Dongyuan's *Tangye*, and Danxi's works. I extracted key points to write *Bencao Faming* in six volumes. Upper sections list common drugs with detailed indications; lower sections list rare drugs. I specify primary treatments, supervisory relationships between drugs, and roles of sovereign/minister assistants. Though I do not claim to reach the depths of ancient wisdom, this clarifies principles for clinicians. Written in summer of the Wuyin year of Wanli, by Huangfu Song of Wulin.
[Wang Wenjie's *Taiyi Xianzhi Bencao Yaoxing Daquan* (Great Collection of Taiyi Immortal Processed Drug Properties)] 8 volumes. Extant.
[Li Zhongli's *Bencao Yuanshi* (Original Source of Materia Medica)] *Yicang Mulù*, 8 volumes. Extant.
Ma Yinglong's preface states: Medicine is a technical art but embodies profound principles and broad utility, hence called the "Benevolent Art." Shennong tasted herbs to know drugs; Xuanyuan consulted Qibo etc. to know pulses. Human organs and meridians mirror heaven and earth, requiring deep meditation and study to master. Superficial views are insufficient. I was prone to illness and studied medicine for over twenty years. Meeting Li Zhongli, who was talented and skilled, though not equal to ancients, had unique merits. His *Bencao Yuanshi* is the crux of medicine, determining life and death. Li verified names, tested properties, described appearances, and defined treatments, innovating within tradition and illustrating manually. The book was sent to the capital for my endorsement. I recall that without expert taste like Yi Ya or hearing like Shi Kuang, one cannot distinguish pure water or identify burnt wood. Thus, one must break one's arm thrice to become a good doctor. I share this warning for future generations.
Zhu Yizun's *Epitaph for the Learned Gentleman Mr. Li* states: His ancestors Shanggun and Zhongli passed the imperial exams. Shanggun held no office; Zhongli served as Right Assessor in the Court of Judicature and Revision.
[Jia Suoxue's *Pinhua Huayi* (Transformative Meaning of Medicinal Substances)] 13 volumes. Extant.
Li Yan's preface states: Using medicine to save lives is like using soldiers to quell chaos—urgent and righteous. Prescribing is like battle formations; drugs are weapons. Blunt weapons lead to defeat. Misordering usage leads to failure. Readers often find old Bencaos cumbersome. In Jiashen year, I found Jia Jiuru's *Pinhua Huayi*. Its clarity is a guide for the era. Locals didn't know his name, perhaps due to humility or modest fame. I kept the book long. In Wuwu year, while drying books in Zhejiang, I rediscovered it. I ordered my son Hanzheng to collate and reprint it. May readers find it refreshing when prescribing. Note: The book is attributed to Zhao Jun Li Yanshu, and Zhu Yizun's epitaph mentions supplementary writings. However, based on Li's preface, the work is entirely by Jia.