张 脉虚缓。不食不饥。形寒浮肿。(胃阳虚)
人参 生益智 广皮 半夏曲 茯苓 生白芍 煨姜
杨(氏) 胃伤恶食。络虚风动浮肿。先与荷米煎。
人参 新会皮 檀香泥 炒粳米 炒荷叶蒂
潘 不饥不食。假寐惊跳。心营热入。胃汁全亏。调摄十日可愈。(胃阴虚)
鲜生地 麦冬 知母 竹叶心 火麻仁 银花
王 热损胃汁。不欲食谷。
麦冬 蜜炒知母 地骨皮 川贝母 竹叶心 嘉定花粉
生甘草 甜梨皮
陆(二一) 时病后。脉弦而劲。知饥不纳。胃气未和。当静处调养。
鲜省头草 鲜莲子 茯神 大麦仁 川斛 炒知母
郑(四三) 脉濡无力。唇赤舌干微眩。不饥不饱。此天暖气泄。而烦劳再伤阳气。夫卫外之阳。内应乎
胃。胃既逆则不纳不饥矣。
炒麦冬 木瓜 乌梅肉 川斛 大麦仁
某 风湿气痹。不饥。(上焦湿热阻气)
杏仁 滑石 土蒌皮 连翘 橘红 郁金
翁(二二) 夏季温热上受。首先入肺。河间主三焦极是。今世医者。初用非发散。即消食。散则耗气。消
则劫胃。究竟热蕴未除。而胃汁与肺气皆索。故不饥不食不便。上脘似格似阻。酸浊之气。皆
是热化。病延多日。苦寒难以骤进。先拟开提上焦气分。
苏子 杏仁 土栝蒌皮 枇杷叶 黄芩 降香
有胃气则生。无胃气则死。此百病之大纲也。故诸病若能食者。势虽重而尚可挽救。不能
食者。势虽轻而必致延剧。此理亦人所易晓也。然有当禁食与不当禁食之两途。如伤寒
之邪。传入阳明之腑。胃有燥热昏谵者。有干霍乱之上下不通。或正值吐泻之际。或 痧
未达于表。或瘟疫之邪客于募原。或疟邪交战之时。或初感六淫之邪。发热脘闷。邪气充
塞弥漫。呕恶痞胀不饥。或伤食恶食等症。此虽禁其谷食可也。其余一切诸症不食者。当
责之胃阳虚。胃阴虚。或湿热阻气。或命门火衰。其他散见诸门者甚多。要知此症。淡饮淡
粥。人皆恶之。或辛或咸。人所喜也。或其人素好之物。亦可酌而投之。以醒胃气。惟酸腻甜
浊不可进。至于案中治法。一览可尽。兹不重赘。(华玉堂)
张姓患者:脉象虚弱而缓慢。没有食欲且不觉饥饿,身体怕冷并出现浮肿。(这是胃阳虚的表现)
处方:人参、生益智仁、广陈皮、半夏曲、茯苓、生白芍、煨生姜。
杨氏患者:胃部受损,厌恶进食。络脉空虚导致风动,引起浮肿。先用荷叶米煎剂治疗。
处方:人参、新会皮(陈皮)、檀香泥、炒粳米、炒荷叶蒂。
潘姓患者:不觉得饥饿也不愿进食。小睡时易受惊跳动。这是心营热邪内入,胃中津液完全亏损。经过十天调理可以痊愈。(这是胃阴虚的表现)
处方:鲜生地、麦冬、知母、竹叶心、火麻仁、金银花。
王姓患者:热邪损伤了胃中津液。不想吃谷物。
处方:麦冬、蜜炒知母、地骨皮、川贝母、竹叶心、嘉定花粉、生甘草、甜梨皮。
陆姓患者(二十一岁):患外感病之后,脉象弦硬有力。知道饥饿但无法进食,胃气尚未调和。应当静处调养。
处方:鲜省头草(佩兰)、鲜莲子、茯神、大麦仁、川石斛、炒知母。
郑姓患者(四十三岁):脉象濡软无力,嘴唇红赤,舌干微有眩晕感,不饥不饱。这是因为天气暖热汗出过多,加之烦劳再次损伤阳气。护卫体表的阳气,在内对应于胃。胃气既已上逆,就会出现不能纳食和不知饥饿的症状。
处方:炒麦冬、木瓜、乌梅肉、川石斛、大麦仁。
某患者:风湿之气痹阻,导致不饥。(这是上焦湿热阻滞气机)
处方:杏仁、滑石、土瓜蒌皮、连翘、橘红、郁金。
翁姓患者(二十二岁):夏季温热之邪从上部侵入,首先犯肺。刘河间主张治三焦是非常正确的。当今的医生,起初用药不是发散表邪,就是消食导滞。发散则耗伤正气,消食则劫夺胃气。最终热邪蕴结未除,而胃汁与肺气都已枯竭。所以出现不饥、不食、不便秘的情况,上脘部感觉像格拒又像阻塞,酸浊之气都是热化所致。病情拖延多日,苦寒药物难以立即使用。先拟定开提上焦气分的方药。
处方:苏子、杏仁、土瓜蒌皮、枇杷叶、黄芩、降香。
有胃气就能生存,无胃气就会死亡,这是百病的总纲。所以各种疾病如果能进食,病情虽然严重还有挽救的希望;如果不能进食,病情虽然轻微也必然会导致加重拖延。这个道理也是人们容易明白的。然而有应当禁食和不应当禁食两种情况。如伤寒邪气传入阳明腑,胃中有燥热导致神志昏乱谵语者;有干霍乱上下不通者;或正值呕吐腹泻之际;或痧毒未透达于体表;或瘟疫邪气客居募原;或疟邪交战之时;或初感六淫邪气,发热脘闷,邪气充塞弥漫,呕恶痞胀不饥;或伤食恶食等症状。这些情况虽然禁止谷食是可以的。其余一切诸症不食的,应当责之于胃阳虚、胃阴虚,或湿热阻气,或命门火衰,其他散见于各门类中的情况很多。要知道这个病症,清淡的饮粥,人们都厌恶它;或者辛辣或咸味的食物,是人们所喜欢的。或者是病人平时喜欢吃的东西,也可以酌情给予,以唤醒胃气。只有酸腻甜浊的食物不可进用。至于案中的治疗方法,一览即可知晓,这里不再重复赘述。(华玉堂评注)
Patient Zhang: The pulse is deficient and slow. There is anorexia and absence of hunger, accompanied by aversion to cold and edema. (This indicates Deficiency of Stomach Yang)
Prescription: Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Sheng Yi Zhi (Alpinia Oxyphylla Fructus), Guang Pi (Tangerine Peel), Ban Xia Qu (Pinelliae Fermentatum), Fu Ling (Poria), Sheng Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Wei Jiang (Prepared Ginger).
Patient Yang: Stomach injury causing aversion to food. Collateral deficiency leading to wind stirring and edema. Initially treat with He Ye Mi Decoction (Lotus Leaf and Rice Decoction).
Prescription: Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Xin Hui Pi (Chenpi/Tangerine Peel from Xinhui), Tan Xiang Ni (Sandalwood Paste), Chao Jing Mi (Fried Coix Seed or Rice Grain - context implies Rice/Jing Mi), Chao He Ye Di (Fried Lotus Leaf Stem Base).
Patient Pan: Absence of hunger and anorexia. Startling movements during light sleep. This is Heat entering the Heart Ying (Nutritive Level) and complete depletion of Stomach Yin fluids. Recovery can be expected after ten days of regulation. (This indicates Deficiency of Stomach Yin)
Prescription: Xian Sheng Di (Fresh Rehmanniae Radix), Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Zhu Ye Xin (Bamboo Leaf Heart), Huo Ma Ren (Hemp Seed), Yin Hua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos).
Patient Wang: Heat damaging Stomach Yin fluids. Reluctance to eat grains.
Prescription: Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Mi Chao Zhi Mu (Honey-fried Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Di Gu Pi (Lycii Cortex), Chuan Bei Mu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus), Zhu Ye Xin (Bamboo Leaf Heart), Jia Ding Hua Fen (Trichosanthes Root Powder from Jiading), Sheng Gan Cao (Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix), Tian Li Pi (Sweet Pear Peel).
Patient Lu (21 years old): After an exogenous disease, the pulse is wiry and forceful. Hunger is perceived but food cannot be taken; Stomach Qi is not yet harmonized. Should rest in a quiet place for recuperation.
Prescription: Xian Sheng Tou Cao (Fresh Eupatorium Fortunei Herb/Peilan), Xian Lian Zi (Fresh Lotus Seed), Fu Shen (Poria with Hostwood), Da Mai Ren (Hordeum Vulgare Grain), Chuan Hu (Dendrobii Caulis), Chao Zhi Mu (Fried Anemarrhenae Rhizoma).
Patient Zheng (43 years old): Pulse is soggy and powerless. Lips are red, tongue is dry with slight dizziness. Absence of hunger and satiety. This is due to warm weather causing excessive sweating, and further damage to Yang Qi by mental exertion. The Yang Qi that protects the exterior corresponds internally to the Stomach. If Stomach Qi rebels, it results in inability to receive food and absence of hunger.
Prescription: Chao Mai Dong (Fried Ophiopogonis Radix), Mu Gua (Chaenomelis Fructus), Wu Mei Rou (Mume Seed Flesh), Chuan Hu (Dendrobii Caulis), Da Mai Ren (Hordeum Vulgare Grain).
Certain Patient: Bi syndrome caused by Wind-Dampness Qi, resulting in absence of hunger. (This is Damp-Heat obstructing Qi in the Upper Jiao)
Prescription: Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed), Shi Hu (Talcum), Tu Lou Pi (Trichosanthes Peel), Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Ju Hong (Tangerine Red Peel), Yu Jin (Curcumae Longae Radix).
Patient Weng (22 years old): Summer-Warmth pathogen enters from above, first affecting the Lung. Liu Hejian’s emphasis on treating the Three Jiao is very correct. Modern physicians initially use either dispersing agents or digestive aids. Dispersing consumes Qi; digesting robs the Stomach. Ultimately, the accumulated Heat remains unremoved, while Stomach Yin fluids and Lung Qi are exhausted. Thus, there is absence of hunger, anorexia, and constipation. The upper epigastrium feels like obstruction or blockage. Sour and turbid Qi are all transformed by Heat. The disease has persisted for many days; bitter-cold herbs cannot be introduced abruptly. First, propose opening and lifting the Qi aspect of the Upper Jiao.
Prescription: Su Zi (Perilla Fruit), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed), Tu Gua Lou Pi (Trichosanthes Peel), Pi Pa Ye (Loquat Leaf), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Jiang Xiang (Dalbergia Odorifera Lignum).
Where there is Stomach Qi, there is life; where there is no Stomach Qi, there is death. This is the general principle of all diseases. Therefore, if patients with various illnesses can eat, even if the condition is severe, it can still be rescued. If they cannot eat, even if the condition seems mild, it will inevitably worsen and prolong. This logic is easily understood by people. However, there are two paths: when fasting is indicated and when it is not. For example, when Sha-Yang pathogen transmits to the Yangming Fu organs, and the Stomach has Dry-Heat causing confusion and delirium; or in Gan Huo Luan (Dry Cholera) with blockage of ascent and descent; or during acute vomiting and diarrhea; or when Sha-toxin has not yet reached the surface; or when Plague pathogen resides in the Mu Yuan (Sea of Origin); or when Malaria pathogens are battling; or upon initial infection by Six Exogenous Pathogens, with fever and epigastric stuffiness, where pathogenic Qi fills and diffuses, causing nausea, bloating, distension, anorexia; or symptoms of Food Stagnation with aversion to food. In these cases, abstaining from grain food is acceptable. For all other conditions involving anorexia, one must attribute it to Deficiency of Stomach Yang, Deficiency of Stomach Yin, Damp-Heat obstructing Qi, or Decline of Ming Men Fire. Many such cases are scattered in other sections. It must be known that for this symptom, bland drinks and congee are detested by people, whereas spicy or salty foods are preferred. Or, foods the patient usually likes may be酌情 (judiciously) administered to awaken Stomach Qi. Only sour, greasy, sweet, and turbid substances should not be ingested. As for the treatment methods in the cases, they can be grasped at a glance, so they are not repeated here. (Commentary by Hua Yutang)