苇茎汤 清心凉膈散 凉膈散 泻白散 葶苈大枣汤 白虎汤
至宝丹 清心牛黄丸 竹叶石膏汤 喻氏清燥救肺汤
夏为热病。然夏至已前。时令未为大热。经以先夏至病温。后夏至病暑。温邪前已申明。暑热一
症。幼医易眩。夏暑发自阳明。古人以白虎汤为主方。后贤刘河间创议。迥出诸家。谓温热时邪。
当分三焦投药。以苦辛寒为主。若拘六经分症。仍是伤寒治法。致误多矣。盖伤寒外受之寒。
必先从汗解。辛温散邪是已。口鼻吸入之寒。即为中寒阴病。治当温里。分三阴见症施治。若
夫暑病。专方甚少。皆因前人略于暑详于寒耳。考古如金匮暑 痉之因。而洁古以动静分
中暑中热。各具至理。兹不概述。论幼科病暑热夹杂别病有诸。而时下不外发散消导。加入香
薷一味。或六一散一服。考本草香薷辛温发汗。能泄宿水。夏热气闭无汗。渴饮停水。香薷必佐
杏仁。以杏仁苦降泄气。大顺散取义若此。长夏湿令。暑必兼湿。暑伤气分。湿亦伤气。汗则耗
气伤阳。胃汁大受劫烁。变病由此甚多。发泄司令。里真自虚。张凤逵云。暑病首用辛凉。继用甘寒。再用酸泄酸敛。
不必用下。可称要言不烦矣。然幼科因暑热蔓延。变生他病。兹摘其概。
夏令受热。昏迷若惊。此为暑厥。即热气闭塞孔窍所致。其邪入络。与中络同法。牛黄丸至宝丹
芳香利窍可效。神苏以后。用清凉血分。如连翘心竹叶心玄参细生地鲜生地二冬之属。此症
初起。大忌风药。初病暑热伤气。竹叶石膏汤。或清肺轻剂。大凡热深厥深。四肢逆冷。但看面
垢齿燥。二便不通。或泻不爽为是。大忌误认伤寒也。
苇茎汤、清心凉膈散、凉膈散、泻白散、葶苈大枣汤、白虎汤（石膏、知母、甘草、粳米组成的清热剂）、至宝丹、清心牛黄丸、竹叶石膏汤、喻氏清燥救肺汤。
夏季发生热病。然而在夏至之前，时令尚未达到大热的程度。《内经》记载：夏至前发生的温病称为“温”，夏至后发生的称为“暑”。关于温邪的性质此前已作说明。暑热这一病症，年幼的医生容易迷惑。夏暑之邪发自阳明经，古人以白虎汤作为主要方剂。后来的医家刘河间提出创议，超越了许多其他医家的观点，认为温热时邪应当根据上、中、下三焦来投药，以苦辛寒性质的药物为主。如果拘泥于六经辨证的方法，那仍然是治疗伤寒的方法，导致误治的情况很多。大概伤寒是外感寒邪，必须先从汗法解表，使用辛温药物发散邪气是正确的。从口鼻吸入的寒邪，属于中寒阴证，治疗应当温补里虚，根据三阴经的症状施治。至于暑病，专用方剂很少，都是因为前人对于暑病论述简略，而对寒病论述详尽的缘故。考察古代如《金匮要略》中关于暑、痉病因的记载，而张洁古根据动与静区分中暑和中热，各有其深刻道理，这里不再详细概述。讨论儿科疾病中暑热夹杂其他病症的情况，而时下（当时的医疗风气）不外乎使用发散和消导的方法，加入一味香薷，或者服用一服六一散。考证本草，香薷性味辛温，能发汗，能泄除宿水。夏季热气闭塞无汗，口渴饮水导致停水，香薷必须佐以杏仁，因为杏仁味苦降泄气，大顺散的取义也是如此。长夏季节湿气当令，暑邪必然兼夹湿邪。暑邪伤害气分，湿邪也伤害气分。发汗则会耗气伤阳，胃中的津液受到严重灼伤，变生各种病症由此变得很多。发泄（指夏季阳气外浮）之时，体内的真元自然虚弱。张凤逵说：暑病开始使用辛凉药物，接着使用甘寒药物，再用酸泄和酸敛的药物，不需要使用攻下法，这可以称得上是简明扼要的言论了。然而儿科因暑热蔓延，变生其他疾病，这里摘取其大概情况。
夏令受热，出现昏迷类似惊厥的症状，这称为暑厥。即由热气闭塞孔窍所致。这种邪气侵入络脉，治疗方法与中络相同。牛黄丸、至宝丹等芳香开窍的药物可以见效。神志清醒以后，使用清凉血分的药物，如连翘心、竹叶心、玄参、细生地、鲜生地、二冬（天冬、麦冬）之类的药物。此症在初起时，最忌用风药（辛温解表药）。初病暑热伤害气分，可用竹叶石膏汤，或者清肺的轻剂。凡是热邪深重则四肢厥冷深重，四肢逆冷，只要看面部污垢、牙齿干燥、大小便不通畅，或者腹泻不爽快，就可以确诊为暑病。最忌讳误认为是伤寒。
Weijing Decoction (Ecliptae Herba and Coix Seed Decoction), Qingxin Liangge San (Clear Heart and Cool Diaphragm Powder), Liangge San (Cool Diaphragm Powder), Xiebai San (Drain White Powder), Tingli Dazao Tang (Descurainia Seed and Jujube Decoction), Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction), Zhibao Dan (Precious Treasure Pill), Qingxin Niuhuang Wan (Clear Heart Calves' Horn Pill), Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction), Yu's Qingzao Jiufei Tang (Mr. Yu's Dryness-Rescuing Lung-Decoction).
Summer is the season for heat diseases. However, before the Summer Solstice, the seasonal climate has not yet become intensely hot. The *Neijing* states: illnesses occurring before the Summer Solstice are termed "Wen" (Warmth), while those after are termed "Shu" (Summerheat). The nature of Wen pathogens was explained previously. The syndrome of Shu-Re (Summerheat-Fire) often confuses young physicians. Summerheat originates from the Yangming channel. Ancients used Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) as the primary formula. Later, Liu Hejian proposed a theory that surpassed many others, asserting that warm-heat seasonal pathogens should be treated by targeting the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao, primarily using bitter, acrid, and cold herbs. If one rigidly adheres to Six-Channels differentiation, it remains the method for treating Cold Damage (Shanghan), leading to frequent misdiagnoses. Generally, Cold Damage results from external cold invasion, which must first be resolved through sweating, using acrid-warm herbs to disperse pathogens; this is correct. Cold inhaled through the mouth and nose constitutes an internal cold yin-pattern, requiring warming of the interior and treatment based on symptoms of the Three Yin channels. Regarding Summerheat diseases, specific formulas are few because predecessors discussed Summerheat briefly but detailed Cold Damage extensively. Examining ancient texts like the *Jingui Yaolue* regarding causes of Summerheat and tetanus, Zhang Jieg distinguished between heatstroke caused by exertion (Zhongshu) and heatstroke caused by rest (Zhongre), each having profound rationale, which will not be detailed here. Discussing pediatric cases where Summerheat mixes with other diseases, contemporary practices often rely on dispersing and digesting methods, adding just one herb of Xiangru (Moslae Herba) or administering Yiliu San (Six-to-One Powder). According to Materia Medica, Xiangru is acrid and warm, inducing sweating and draining retained water. In summer, when heat closes pores causing anhidrosis, thirst, and fluid retention, Xiangru must be combined with Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed) because Xingren is bitter and descending, draining qi; Dashun San derives its principle from this. In late summer, dampness prevails, so Summerheat inevitably combines with Dampness. Summerheat damages Qi, and Dampness also damages Qi. Sweating consumes Qi and injures Yang, severely depleting stomach fluids, leading to numerous complications. During the season of outward expansion, the internal true Yuan becomes deficient. Zhang Fengkui stated: For Summerheat disease, initially use acrid-cool herbs, then sweet-cold herbs, followed by sour-draining and sour-astringent herbs; purgatives are unnecessary. This can be called concise and essential advice. However, in pediatrics, spreading Summerheat generates other diseases; here we outline the general principles.
In summer, exposure to heat causes coma resembling convulsions, termed Shu-Jue (Summerheat Syncope). This is caused by heat closing the orifices. The pathogen enters the collaterals, and the treatment method is the same as for Collateral Stroke. Fang aromatic orifice-opening pills such as Niuhuang Wan (Calves' Horn Pill) and Zhibao Dan (Precious Treasure Pill) can be effective. After consciousness returns, use blood-cooling herbs such as Lianqiao Xin (Forsythia Fruit Stamen), Zhuye Xin (Bamboo Leaf Stamen), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Xi Shengdi (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix), Xian Shengdi (Fresh Rehmanniae Radix), and Er Dong (Tian Dong and Mai Dong). At the onset, wind-dispersing herbs (acrid-warm exterior-resolving agents) are strictly contraindicated. Initially, Summerheat damages Qi; Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) or mild lung-clearing agents may be used. Generally, deep heat leads to deep cold extremities (cold reversal). If the face is dirty, teeth are dry, urination and defecation are obstructed, or diarrhea is unsatisfactory, it confirms the diagnosis. It is strictly forbidden to misdiagnose this as Cold Damage (Shanghan).