恶心有痰、有热、有虚，皆用生姜，随证佐药。
戴云∶恶心者，无声无物，心中欲吐不吐，欲呕不呕。虽曰恶心，实非心经之病，皆在
胃口上，宜用生姜，盖能开胃豁痰也。
〔附录〕恶心，欲吐不吐，心中兀兀，如人畏舟船，宜大半夏汤，或小半夏茯苓汤，或理
中汤加半夏亦可。又胃中有热，恶心者，以二陈加生姜汁炒黄连、黄芩各一钱，最妙。
附方
大半夏汤
半夏 陈皮 茯苓（各二钱半）
上 咀。水二盏，姜二钱半，煎八分，食后服。
小半夏茯苓汤
半夏（五两） 茯苓（三两）
上 咀。每服八钱，用水一盏半，煎至一盏，入生姜
自然汁投药中，更煎一两沸，热服，无时，或用生姜半斤同煎。
理中汤 见中寒。
咳逆有痰、气虚、阴火，视其有余不足治之。其详在《格致余论》。不足者，
人参白术汤下大补丸；
有余并有痰者吐之，人参芦之类。痰碍气而呃逆，用蜜水吐，此乃燥痰不出。痰者，陈皮、
半夏；气虚，人参、白术；阴火，黄连、黄柏、滑石；咳逆自痢者，滑石、甘草、炒黄柏、
白芍、人参、白术、陈皮，加竹荆沥服。戴云∶呃逆者，因痰与热胃火者极多。
〔附录〕咳逆为病，古谓之哕，近谓之呃，乃胃寒所生，寒气自逆而呃上，此证最危。亦
有热呃。已见伤寒证，其有他病发呃者，宜用半夏一两，生姜半两，水煎热服，或理中汤加
壳、茯苓各半钱、半夏一钱。不效，更加丁香十粒。吐利后，胃虚寒咳逆者，以羌活附子
或丁香十粒。柿蒂十个，切碎，水煎服；吐利后，胃热咳逆者，以橘皮竹茹汤。亦无别病，
偶然致呃，此缘气逆而生，宜小半夏茯苓汤加枳实、半夏，又或煎汤泡萝卜子，研取汁，
调木香调气散热服之。逆气用之最佳。
附方
橘皮干姜汤 治咳逆不止。
橘皮 通草 干姜 桂心 甘草（炙，各二两） 人参（一两）
上用五钱，水煎服
生姜半夏汤 通治咳逆欲死。
半夏（一两） 生姜（二两）
上以水煎，温作三服。
阴证咳逆
川乌 干姜（炮） 附子（炮） 肉桂 芍药 甘草（炙） 半夏 吴茱萸 陈皮 大黄（等分
上为末。每服一钱，生姜五片煎服。
人参白术汤
人参 黄芩、柴胡 干葛 栀子仁 甘草（炙，各半两） 白术 防风 半夏（泡七次） 五
上 咀。每服四钱，姜三片煎。
羌活附子汤 治呃逆。
木香 附子（炮） 羌活 茴香（炒，各半两） 干姜（一两）
上为末。每服二钱，水一盏半，盐一捻，煎二十沸，和渣
热服，一服止。《三因》加丁香。
橘皮竹茹汤
橘皮（一升） 竹茹（一升半） 甘草（炙，二两） 人参（半两） 枣子（三十个） 生姜（半两）
上 咀。水十盏。煎至三盏。作三服。
小半夏茯苓汤
二陈汤加黄芩煎。
木香调气散
白蔻仁 丁香 檀香 木香（各二两） 藿香 甘草（炙，各八两） 砂仁（四两）
上为末。每服二钱，入盐少许，沸汤点服。
大补丸 见补损。
理中汤 见中寒。
恶心可由痰湿、热邪或虚损引起，均使用生姜作为主药，并根据具体证候配合其他药物。
戴元礼说：所谓恶心，是指没有声音也没有呕吐物，心中感觉想要吐却吐不出来，想要呕却呕不出来。虽然称为“恶心”，但实际上并非心脏经脉的病变，病位都在胃脘部，适宜使用生姜，因为生姜能够开启胃气、豁除痰浊。
〔附录〕出现恶心，想吐又吐不出，心中烦闷不适，如同乘船时感到晕船一样，适宜服用大半夏汤，或小半夏茯苓汤，或者在理中汤中加入半夏也可以。如果是胃中有热导致的恶心，用二陈汤加入用生姜汁炒过的黄连、黄芩各一钱，效果最好。
附方
大半夏汤
半夏 陈皮 茯苓（各二钱半）
将药材切碎。加水两盏，生姜二钱半，煎煮至八分满，饭后服用。
小半夏茯苓汤
半夏（五两） 茯苓（三两）
将药材切碎。每次服用八钱，用水一盏半，煎煮至一盏，加入生姜自然汁投入药液中，再煮沸一两分钟，热服，不拘时候；或者用生姜半斤一同煎煮。
咳逆（呃逆）可由痰湿、气虚、阴火引起，需根据有余（实证）或不足（虚证）的情况进行治疗。详细论述见《格致余论》。属于不足的，用人参白术汤送服大补丸；
属于有余并伴有痰湿的，采用涌吐法，如使用人参芦等具有催吐作用的药物。如果是痰阻碍气机导致的呃逆，用蜜水催吐，这是因为燥痰无法排出所致。针对痰湿，选用陈皮、半夏；针对气虚，选用人参、白术；针对阴火，选用黄连、黄柏、滑石；对于咳逆且伴有自发性腹泻的，选用滑石、甘草、炒黄柏、白芍、人参、白术、陈皮，加竹沥服用。戴元礼说：呃逆这一病症，因痰与热、胃火引起的非常多。
〔附录〕咳逆这种病，古代称为“哕”，近代称为“呃”，多由胃寒产生，寒气上逆导致呃逆，此证最为危重。也有因热引起的呃逆。如果已经见于伤寒证候，或者是其他疾病引发的呃逆，适宜用半夏一两，生姜半两，水煎后热服；或者用理中汤加入厚壳（注：原文为“壳”，疑指某种果皮或特定药材，此处保留原意或指代不明，结合上下文可能指代某味药，但原文仅一字，暂译为“壳类药材”或依古本常理推测，此处严格按原文翻译为“壳”）、茯苓各半钱、半夏一钱。如果无效，再加丁香十粒。在呕吐腹泻之后，因胃虚寒导致的呃逆，可用羌活附子汤或丁香十粒、柿蒂十个，切碎后水煎服用；呕吐腹泻之后，因胃热导致的呃逆，用橘皮竹茹汤。如果没有其他疾病，偶然导致呃逆，这是由于气逆产生的，适宜用小半夏茯苓汤加枳实、半夏，或者煎萝卜子汤，研磨取汁，调入木香调气散服用。用于降逆气效果最佳。
附方
橘皮干姜汤 治疗咳逆不止。
橘皮 通草 干姜 桂心 甘草（炙，各二两） 人参（一两）
每次取五钱，水煎服用。
生姜半夏汤 通用治疗咳逆欲死之重症。
半夏（一两） 生姜（二两）
用水煎煮，温服，分三次服用。
阴证咳逆
川乌 干姜（炮制） 附子（炮制） 肉桂 芍药 甘草（炙） 半夏 吴茱萸 陈皮 大黄（等分）
以上药材研为细末。每次服用一钱，用生姜五片煎汤送服。
人参白术汤
人参 黄芩、柴胡 干葛 栀子仁 甘草（炙，各半两） 白术 防风 半夏（泡七次） [原文此处缺药名，疑似漏字，依格式推断可能为五味子或其他，但原文未列，故不译出或缺失]
将药材切碎。每次服用四钱，用生姜三片煎煮。
羌活附子汤 治疗呃逆。
木香 附子（炮制） 羌活 茴香（炒，各半两） 干姜（一两）
以上药材研为细末。每次服用二钱，用水一盏半，盐一捻，煎煮二十沸，连渣一起热服，一服即可止住。《三因方》中加丁香。
橘皮竹茹汤
橘皮（一升） 竹茹（一升半） 甘草（炙，二两） 人参（半两） 枣子（三十个） 生姜（半两）
将药材切碎。加水十盏，煎煮至三盏，分三次服用。
木香调气散
白蔻仁 丁香 檀香 木香（各二两） 藿香 甘草（炙，各八两） 砂仁（四两）
以上药材研为细末。每次服用二钱，加入少许盐，用沸水冲服。
大补丸 参见“补损”章节。
Nausea can be caused by phlegm-dampness, heat pathogen, or deficiency. Ginger (Shengjiang) should be used as the principal herb in all cases, with additional herbs added according to the specific syndrome.
Dai Yuanli stated: Nausea is characterized by the absence of sound and vomitus, with a sensation in the heart region of wanting to vomit but being unable to do so. Although termed "nausea," it is actually not a disease of the Heart Meridian, but rather located in the stomach region. Ginger is appropriate because it can open the stomach qi and resolve phlegm.
[Appendix] For nausea accompanied by a desire to vomit without success, a feeling of mental restlessness, and a sensation similar to seasickness, Banxia Banhou Tang (Pinellia and Pinellia Decoction), Xiaobanxia Fuling Tang (Minor Pinellia and Poria Decoction), or Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) with added Banxia are suitable. If nausea is caused by heat in the stomach, Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) with Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) and Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) stir-fried with ginger juice (each 1 qian) is most effective.
Attached Formulas
Banxia Banhou Tang (Pinellia and Pinellia Decoction)
Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber)
Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)
Fuling (Poria) (Each 2.5 qian)
Crush the herbs. Add two zhan of water and 2.5 qian of ginger. Decoct until reduced to eight-tenths. Take after meals.
Xiaobanxia Fuling Tang (Minor Pinellia and Pedia Decoction)
Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber) (5 liang)
Fuling (Poria) (3 liang)
Crush the herbs. Take 8 qian per dose. Add one-and-a-half zhan of water. Decoct until reduced to one zhan. Add fresh ginger juice to the decoction, boil for one or two more boils, and take hot at any time. Alternatively, decoct together with 0.5 jin of ginger.
Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) See "Cold Damage to the Middle Jiao".
Hiccups (Ke Ni) can be caused by phlegm, qi deficiency, or yin fire. Treatment depends on whether the condition is excess (repletion) or deficiency. Detailed discussions are found in *Gezhi Yulun*. For deficiency, administer Dabu Wan (Great Tonifying Pill) with Ren Shen Ba Zhu Tang (Ginseng and Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction).
For excess conditions accompanied by phlegm, induce vomiting using substances like Ren Shen Lu (Ginseng Stalk). If hiccups are caused by phlegm obstructing qi flow, induce vomiting with honey water, indicating dry phlegm that cannot be expelled. For phlegm, use Chenpi and Banxia; for qi deficiency, use Ren Shen and Baizhu; for yin fire, use Huanglian, Huangbai, and Huashi. For hiccups accompanied by spontaneous diarrhea, use Huashi, Gancao, Chao Huangbai, Baishao, Ren Shen, Baizhu, and Chenpi, taken with Zhuli (Bamboo Sap). Dai Yuanli stated: Hiccups are very frequently caused by phlegm, heat, and stomach fire.
[Appendix] The disease known as Ke Ni was anciently called Yue and is currently referred to as E. It is often generated by cold in the stomach, where cold qi rebels upward causing hiccups; this syndrome is extremely critical. There are also cases of heat-induced hiccups. If hiccups appear in the context of Cold Damage syndromes, or arise from other diseases, use 1 liang of Banxia and 0.5 liang of Shengjiang, decocted in water and taken hot. Alternatively, use Lizhong Tang with Qiao (Shell/Peel - *note: text ambiguous, likely referring to a specific peel or shell ingredient*) and Fuling (each 0.5 qian) and Banxia (1 qian). If ineffective, add 10 Dingxiang (Cloves). After vomiting and diarrhea, if hiccups result from stomach deficiency-cold, use Qianghuo Fuzi Tang or a mixture of 10 Dingxiang and 10 Shidi (Persimmon Calyx), chopped and decocted in water. After vomiting and diarrhea, if hiccups result from stomach heat, use Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang. If there are no other diseases and hiccups occur occasionally due to rebellious qi, use Xiaobanxia Fuling Tang with Zhishi and Banxia, or decoct Luobozi (Radish Seed), grind to extract juice, and mix with Muxiang Tiaoqi San (Costus Qi-Regulating Powder). This is best for descending rebellious qi.
Attached Formulas
Ju Pi Gan Jiang Tang (Tangerine Peel and Dried Ginger Decoction) Treats persistent hiccups.
Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)
Tongcao (Tetrapanacis Medulla)
Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma)
Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex)
Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (Roasted, each 2 liang)
Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (1 liang)
Take 5 qian, decoct in water, and take orally.
Shengjiang Banxia Tang (Fresh Ginger and Pinellia Decoction) Universally treats severe hiccups.
Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber) (1 liang)
Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (2 liang)
Decoct in water. Take warm, divided into three doses.
Yin Syndrome Hiccups
Chuanwu (Aconiti Radix)
Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) (Processed)
Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) (Processed)
Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex)
Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix)
Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (Roasted)
Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber)
Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus)
Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (Equal parts)
Grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decocted with five slices of ginger.
Ren Shen Ba Zhu Tang (Ginseng and Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction)
Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix)
Gange (Puerariae Lobatae Radix)
Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Semen)
Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (Roasted, each 0.5 liang)
Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)
Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix)
Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber) (Soaked seven times) [Text incomplete here]
Crush the herbs. Take 4 qian per dose, decocted with three slices of ginger.
Qianghuo Fuzi Tang (Notopterygium and Prepared Aconite Decoction) Treats hiccups.
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix)
Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) (Processed)
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix)
Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus) (Stir-fried, each 0.5 liang)
Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) (1 liang)
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose. Add one pinch of salt to one-and-a-half zhan of water. Boil for twenty boils. Take hot with the dregs. One dose stops the hiccups. *San Yin Fang* adds Dingxiang.
Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang (Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings Decoction)
Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (1 sheng)
Zhu Ru (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia) (1.5 sheng)
Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (Roasted, 2 liang)
Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (0.5 liang)
Zaozi (Jujubae Fructus) (30 pieces)
Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (0.5 liang)
Crush the herbs. Add ten zhan of water. Decoct until reduced to three zhan. Divide into three doses.
Xiaobanxia Fuling Tang (Minor Pinellia and Poria Decoction)
Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) with Huangqin decocted.
Muxiang Tiaoqi San (Costus Qi-Regulating Powder)
Baikourén (Amomi Fructus Rotundus)
Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos)
Tanxiang (Santalum Album Lignum)
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) (Each 2 liang)
Huoxiang (Agastaches Herba)
Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (Roasted, each 8 liang)
Sharen (Amomi Fructus) (4 liang)
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose. Add a little salt and take with boiling water.
Dabu Wan (Great Tonifying Pill) See "Tonifying Deficiency and Injury".
Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) See "Cold Damage to the Middle Jiao".