斑属风热挟痰而作，自里而发于外，通圣散中消息之，当以微汗解散，切不可下。内伤发斑者，胃气虚，一身之
火游行于外所致，宜补以降之，当于《阴证略例》中求之。阴证发斑本内伤证，汗下后病愈甚者，补中益气汤；饮冰
水，烦躁神昏脉数足冷者，加附子。胃热胃烂失下、下早发斑者，《拔萃方》有详说。黄瓜水调真伏龙肝，去风热红
点斑。一人发斑面赤，昏愦谵语，脉洪而虚，按之无力，用人参、生地各半两，附子一钱，大黄一钱半，煎服之。不
甚泻，夏月用之效。疹属热与痰在肺，当清肺火降痰，或以汗解。亦有可下者，通圣散加减。
此湿气在高巅之上，从两颐颊热肿者是也，俗云鸬
温。东垣有方，羌活、酒芩、酒蒸大黄，随病加减，切勿用降药。十五、六日服小柴胡汤。不效仍用发散，紫苏、
陈皮治效。东垣云∶阳明邪热太甚，资实少阳相火而为之，视其肿势何部，随经取之，治之当缓，勿令重剂，过其病所，
阳明为邪首，大肿少阳为邪本，于耳前后，以酒芩、酒连、炙甘草、水煎，少少不住服。或剂毕，再用鼠粘子，于新瓦
上炒香，同大黄煎成，去渣，纳芒硝等分，亦时时呷之，毋令饮食在后。微利及邪气已，只服前药；未已，再同前次第
服之，取大便邪气已则止。阳明渴，加滑石、石膏；少阳渴，加栝蒌根∶阳明行经，升麻、芍药、葛根、甘草；太阳
行经，羌活、荆芥、防风，并与上药相合用之。
斑疹是由于风热挟带痰邪所致，病邪从体内发于体表，治疗时应参考通圣散的方法，通过微微发汗来解散病邪，绝对不可使用泻下法。因内伤而发斑的，是因为胃气虚弱，导致全身之火游行于体表所致，应当采用补益并引火下降的方法，具体可参考《阴证略例》中的论述。阴证发斑本属于内伤病，若在发汗或泻下后病情反而加重，应使用补中益气汤；若患者饮用冰水后出现烦躁、神志昏蒙、脉数且足部寒冷等症状，应在方中加入附子。因胃热炽盛未及时泻下，或过早泻下而导致发斑的情况，《拔萃方》中有详细说明。用黄瓜汁调服真伏龙肝（灶心土），可以去除风热引起的红色斑点。曾有一人发斑，面部潮红，神志昏迷胡言乱语，脉象洪大但按之无力，用人参、生地黄各半两，附子一钱，大黄一钱半，煎汤服用。服药后腹泻不严重，在夏季使用效果显著。
疹是由于热邪与痰邪滞留于肺脏所致，应当清泄肺火、降化痰浊，或者通过发汗解表来治疗。也有可以使用泻下法的，可对通圣散进行加减运用。
大头天行病是湿气位于身体最高处，表现为两侧面颊和耳前耳后红肿热痛，俗称“鸬温”。李东垣有相应的方剂，由羌活、酒制黄芩、酒蒸大黄组成，根据病情加减，切勿使用沉降性质的药物。发病十五六日后，可服用小柴胡汤。如果无效，仍应使用发散风邪的药物，如紫苏、陈皮等治疗效果良好。李东垣说：阳明经邪热过盛，资助并助长了少阳相火从而引发此病，需观察肿胀部位属于哪条经络，随经取穴治疗，治疗应当缓和，不要用重剂，以免药力超过病所。阳明经是邪气的起始，肿胀明显；少阳经是邪气的根本，病变在耳前后。可用酒制黄芩、酒制黄连、炙甘草，加水煎煮，少量多次持续服用。如果上述药剂服完，再用牛蒡子在瓦片上炒香，与大黄同煎成汤，去渣后加入等分的芒硝，也需时时小口啜饮，不要让饮食在其后摄入。待轻微腹泻且邪气已除，只服用前面的药物；如果症状未完全消除，再按照之前的顺序服用，直到大便排出邪气为止。若阳明经口渴，加滑石、石膏；若少阳经口渴，加栝楼根；若邪气在阳明经循行部位，加升麻、芍药、葛根、甘草；若邪气在太阳经循行部位，加羌活、荆芥、防风，并与上述药物配合使用。
Macules (Ban) arise from wind-heat combined with phlegm, originating internally and manifesting externally. Treatment should refer to Tongsheng San (Total Salvation Powder), aiming to resolve the pathogen through mild sweating; purgation must strictly be avoided. Macules caused by internal injury result from deficiency of Stomach Qi, causing fire to wander to the exterior. The treatment should tonify and guide fire downward; consult *Yin Zheng Lue Li* (Brief Examples of Yin Syndromes) for details. Yin syndrome macules are essentially internal injury syndromes; if the condition worsens after sweating or purging, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). If the patient drinks ice water and experiences restlessness, confusion, rapid pulse, and cold feet, add Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root). For macules caused by excessive Stomach heat due to delayed purgation, or premature purgation, detailed explanations are found in *Bacui Fang*. Applying Cucumber Juice mixed with Zhen Fulonggan (True Dragon Liver Soil/Caulinis Cinis) can dispel wind-heat and red macular spots. A case involved a patient with macules, flushed face, coma, delirium, and a flooding yet empty pulse that felt weak upon pressure. He was treated with Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) and Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) each 1.5 g, Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) 0.3 g, and Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 0.45 g, decocted and administered. It did not cause severe diarrhea and was effective when used in summer.
Papules (Zhen) are caused by heat and phlegm lodged in the Lung. Treatment should clear Lung fire and descend phlegm, or resolve via sweating. There are cases where purgation is applicable, using modified Tongsheng San.
Big Head Plague (Datou Tianxing Bing) involves dampness located at the highest point of the body, manifesting as hot swelling on both cheeks and jaws, commonly known as "Lu Wen" (Stork Warmth). Dongyuan (Li Dongyuan) has a prescription consisting of Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Jiuhuangqin (Scutellariae Radix processed with wine), and Jiuzheng Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma steamed with wine), adjusted according to the disease; do not use descending medications. On the fifteenth or sixteenth day, administer Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). If ineffective, continue with dispersing agents such as Zisu (Perillae Folium) and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), which show efficacy. Dongyuan stated: When Yangming pathogenic heat is excessive, it nourishes and strengthens Shaoyang Ministerial Fire to cause this condition. Observe which part of the swelling corresponds to which meridian and treat accordingly. Treatment should be gentle; avoid heavy doses that might overshoot the pathological site. Yangming is the origin of the pathogen with significant swelling; Shaoyang is the root, affecting the area around the ears. Use Jiuhuangqin (Scutellariae Radix processed with wine), Jiuhuanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma processed with wine), and Zhigancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma prepared with honey), decocted in water, taken frequently in small amounts. If this dose is finished, stir-fry Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus) until fragrant on a new tile, decoct with Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), strain, and add equal parts of Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas). Sip frequently, ensuring no food intake follows immediately. Once slight diarrhea occurs and the pathogen is expelled, continue only with the previous medicine; if symptoms persist, repeat the sequence until the stool expels the pathogen. For Yangming thirst, add Huashi (Talcum) and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum); for Shaoyang thirst, add Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix). For pathogen in the Yangming channel, add Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma); for pathogen in the Taiyang channel, add Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), and Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), combining them with the aforementioned medicines.