寒者严凝杀厉之气也。人以肾为根本，惟肾则受寒，惟寒则伤肾。肾气一虚，寒邪交作，
急痛拘挛，战掉强直，昏
迷厥冷，口噤失音，此中寒也。无汗恶寒，头疼面惨，发热拘急，
手足微寒，此伤寒也。霍乱转筋，洞泄下痢，干呕吐逆，积饮停痰，此寒邪入肠胃也，以至
为咳嗽、为虚劳、为疝瘕、为香港脚、为带漏、为遗精、为 疟、为诸痛，寒亦主之。人惟肾
气不充，疏于谨护，非特霜凝冰泫之谓寒，或者炎天暑月，当风取凉，卧地受冷，使寒邪之
气自皮肤而达经络，自经络而入脏腑，如前数证，皆得以恣睢四出矣。温肾御寒，如干姜、
附子、川乌、天雄辈，佐之以养正、灵砂，此固药笼中物，然寒伤营气，徒知温肾而不知温
血，恐未必有十全之功，是则官桂、当归又温血之上药也。不然，古人何以致意于寒泣血云。
不换金正气散 解散寒邪。
苍术（炒） 橘红 半夏曲 浓朴（制） 藿香叶（各一两） 甘草（炒，三分）
上锉散。每服三钱，姜五片，枣二枚，煎服。
养胃汤 治外感寒邪，内伤生冷。
苍术（炒） 浓朴（制） 半夏曲（各一两） 人参 茯苓 草果 藿香（各半两） 橘
红（七钱半） 甘草（炒。三钱半）
上锉。每服三钱，加桂半钱，姜七片，乌梅半个，煎服。
姜桂散 温中散寒气
干姜 良姜（各半两） 辣桂 木香 半夏曲 甘草（炒。各二钱半）
上锉散。每服三钱，姜五片，枣二个，煎服。
寒，是严酷凝结、肃杀凌厉的邪气。人以肾为根本，只有肾会受寒邪侵袭，也只有寒邪会损伤肾脏。肾气一旦虚弱，寒邪便会交替发作，出现急痛拘挛、战栗颤抖、肢体强直、昏迷厥冷、牙关紧闭失音等症状，这属于中寒证。若无汗、恶寒、头痛面色惨淡、发热且肢体拘急、手足轻微发凉，这属于伤寒证。若出现霍乱转筋、水样腹泻或痢疾、干呕逆气、停饮生痰，这是寒邪侵入肠胃所致；乃至引起咳嗽、虚劳、疝气瘕块、脚气、带下漏下、遗精、疟疾以及各种疼痛，寒邪也是主要致病因素。人如果肾气不充实，疏于谨慎防护，不仅霜凝冰结之时称为寒，即使在炎天暑月，当风取凉、卧地受冷，也会使寒邪之气从皮肤传入经络，由经络深入脏腑，像前面提到的那些病证，便得以肆意妄为、四处扩散了。温补肾阳以抵御寒邪，如使用干姜、附子、川乌、天雄这类药物，再辅以养正丹、灵砂，这固然是药箱中的必备之物；然而，若是寒邪伤了营气，只知道温肾而不知道温血，恐怕未必能有十全的效果，因此官桂（肉桂）、当归又是温补血液的上等药物。不然，古人为何会对“寒泣血”这一说法如此在意呢？
不换金正气散：解散寒邪。
苍术（炒制）、橘红、半夏曲、浓朴（炮制）、藿香叶（各一两），甘草（炒制，三分）。
以上药材锉成散剂。每次服用三钱，加生姜五片、大枣二枚，煎汤服用。
养胃汤：治疗外感寒邪，内伤生冷食物。
苍术（炒制）、浓朴（炮制）、半夏曲（各一两），人参、茯苓、草果、藿香（各半两），橘红（七钱半），甘草（炒制，三钱半）。
以上药材锉碎。每次服用三钱，加肉桂半钱、生姜七片、乌梅半个，煎汤服用。
姜桂散：温中散寒气。
干姜、良姜（各半两），辣桂（肉桂）、木香、半夏曲、甘草（炒制，各二钱半）。
以上药材锉成散剂。每次服用三钱，加生姜五片、大枣二枚，煎汤服用。
Cold is the qi of severe condensation, austerity, and ferocity. The human body regards the Kidney as its root; only the Kidney receives cold pathogenic factors, and only cold damages the Kidney. Once Kidney Qi becomes deficient, cold pathogens attack alternately, leading to acute pain and spasms, trembling and shaking, rigidity, coma, cold extremities, locked jaw, and loss of voice; this constitutes Zhonghan (Middle Cold Syndrome). Without sweating, with aversion to cold, headache, a grim facial expression, fever, stiffness, and slightly cold hands and feet, this constitutes Shanghan (Cold Damage Syndrome). If there is cholera with muscle cramps, profuse watery diarrhea or dysentery, dry heaving and vomiting, retained fluid and phlegm accumulation, this indicates that cold pathogens have entered the intestines and stomach. Furthermore, it may manifest as cough, consumptive disease, hernia and masses, beriberi, leukorrhea and dripping, spermatorrhea, malaria, and various pains; in all these cases, cold is the primary factor. When a person's Kidney Qi is insufficient and they neglect careful protection, cold is not merely defined by frost and ice. Even during hot summer months, sitting in the wind to cool off or lying on the ground to absorb cold allows cold pathogenic qi to penetrate from the skin into the meridians, and from the meridians into the zang-fu organs. Consequently, the aforementioned syndromes can run rampant. To warm the Kidney and resist cold, one uses herbs such as Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), Chuanwu (Chuanwu Rhizome), and Tianxiong (Tianxiong Rhizome), assisted by Yangzheng Dan (Nourish Righteousness Pill) and Lingsha (Cinnabar and Sal Ammoniac). These are indeed staples in the medicine cabinet. However, if cold has damaged Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi), knowing only to warm the Kidney but not to warm the blood may not yield perfect results. Therefore, Guigui (Cinnamon Twig) and Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root) are superior herbs for warming the blood. Otherwise, why would ancient physicians have paid such attention to the concept of "cold causing blood to weep"?
Bu Huan Jin Zheng Qi San (Unchanging Metal Upright Qi Powder): Disperses cold pathogens.
Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, stir-baked), Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum), Banxia Qu (Pinelliae Fermentum), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, processed), Huoxiang Ye (Pogostemonis Herba, each 1 liang); Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, stir-baked, 3 fen).
Grind the above into a powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 5 slices of Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) and 2 dates.
Yang Wei Tang (Stomach-Nourishing Decoction): Treats external contraction of cold pathogens and internal injury from raw or cold food.
Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, stir-baked), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, processed), Banxia Qu (Pinelliae Fermentum, each 1 liang); Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria, each 0.5 liang), Caoguo (Tsaoko Fructus), Huoxiang (Pogostemonis Herba, each 0.5 liang), Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum, 7.5 qian), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, stir-baked, 3.5 qian).
Grind the above. Take 3 qian per dose, add 0.5 qian of Rougui (Cortex Cinnamomi), 7 slices of Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), and half a Wumei (Mume Fructus), then decoct and take.
Jiang Gui San (Ginger and Cinnamon Powder): Warms the middle and disperses cold qi.
Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens dried), Liangjiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma, each 0.5 liang); Lagui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Banxia Qu (Pinelliae Fermentum), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, stir-baked, each 2.5 qian).
Grind the above into a powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 5 slices of Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) and 2 dates.