生料五积散（《和剂方》）治感冒寒邪，头疼身痛，项强拘急，恶寒呕吐，或有腹痛。又
治伤寒发热，头疼，恶风，无问内伤生冷，外感风寒，及寒湿客于经络，腰脚酸疼，及妇人
经泄腹痛，并皆治之。苍术（米泔浸，去粗皮，二十四两） 桔梗（去芦，十二两） 陈皮 （去
白） 麻黄（去根、节）
枳壳（去穣，麸炒。各六两） 浓朴 干姜（各四两） 白
芷川芎 甘草（炙） 茯苓（去皮） 肉桂 芍药 当归（各三两） 半夏（汤泡七次，
二两）
上 咀。每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜三片，葱白三根，煎七分，热服。冒寒用煨姜，挟
气加
按∶此药气味辛温，发表温中，开郁行气有殊功，去寒湿之圣药也。夫寒湿属阴，热燥
属阳，人之为病，不过二者而已矣。善用药者，以苦寒而泻其阳，以辛温而散其阴，病之不
愈者，未之有也。予尝以防风通圣散泻热燥之药也，生料五积散为散寒湿之药也，不识明哲
以为何如？
理中汤（《和剂方》）治脏腑中寒，口噤失音，四肢强直。兼治胃脘停痰，冷气刺痛。
人参 干姜（炮） 甘草（炙） 白术（各等分）
上 咀。每服四钱，水一盏，煎服。
四逆汤（《和剂方》）治伤寒自利，脉微欲绝，手足厥冷。（四逆名者，四肢逆冷也。）
甘草（炙，二两） 干姜（一两半） 附子（去皮，半两）
上 咀。每服五钱，水一盏，煎七分，温服，不拘时。
白术散（《活人》方）治阴毒伤寒，干烦躁，四肢逆冷。
川乌（炮，去皮脐） 桔梗（去芦）
干姜（炮，半两）
上为末。每服二钱，水一盏，煎六分，热服，不拘时。
补中益气汤（方见内伤）
附子理中汤 治中寒、中湿，呕逆虚弱。
人参 白术 干姜（炒） 熟附子（各一两） 甘草（炒，半两）
上 咀。每三钱，姜五片，食前煎服。少血加当归。
沉附汤 治虚寒无阳，胃弱干呕。
熟附子 干姜（炮。各半两） 沉香 白术（各一分） 甘草（炒，一钱半）
上锉。每三钱，姜五片煎，食前服。
姜附汤 治中寒，厥冷强直，失音口噤，吐沫，或阴盛发躁。
熟附子 干姜（炮。等分。）
上 咀 每服三钱，水盏半，煎半，空心，温和服。亦治洞泄，呕吐。
附子散 伤寒阴证，唇青面黑，身背强痛，四肢厥冷，及诸虚沉寒。
熟附子（三分） 官桂 当归 白术（各二分） 干姜（炮） 半夏曲（各一分）
上锉。每服三钱，姜五片，枣二枚，食前煎服。
五丹丸 治沉寒痼冷。（方见血证类）
应梦人参散 治伤寒身热头疼。亦主痰嗽。
人参 白术 白芷 干葛 北梗 青皮（各三分） 甘草（炒，一两） 干姜（一钱半）
上为末。每服二钱，姜枣煎服。
败毒散 伤寒热证通用。
人参 赤茯苓 川芎 北梗 羌活 独活 前胡 柴胡 枳壳（制） 甘草（炒。等分）
上锉散。每服三钱，姜五片，煎服。人参羌活散用药亦同。
伤寒证治格法《活人总括》备述其详。
生料五积散（出自《太平惠民和剂局方》）治疗感受寒邪引起的头痛、身体疼痛、项部僵硬拘急、怕冷呕吐，以及可能出现的腹痛。又治疗伤寒发热、头痛、怕风，不论内伤生冷食物，还是外感风寒，以及寒湿之邪客居经络导致的腰脚酸痛，还有妇女月经期间腹痛，均能治疗。苍术（用米泔水浸泡，去掉粗皮，二十四两）桔梗（去掉芦头，十二两）陈皮（去掉白色部分）麻黄（去掉根和节）枳壳（去掉瓤，麸皮炒。各六两）厚朴干姜（各四两）白芷川芎甘草（炙烤）茯苓（去掉皮）肉桂芍药当归（各三两）半夏（用热水泡七次，二两）
以上药材切碎。每次服用四钱，加水一盏半，生姜三片，葱白三根，煎煮至七分满，热服。受寒严重时使用煨姜，兼有气滞症状的加入……（原文此处中断）
按语：此药气味辛温，具有发表散寒、温中暖胃的功效，在开郁行气方面有特殊功效，是去除寒湿的圣药。寒湿属于阴邪，热燥属于阳邪，人得的病，不过这两类而已。善于用药的人，用苦寒药来泻除阳热，用辛温药来发散阴寒，病不痊愈的情况，是没有的。我曾经认为防风通圣散是泻除热燥的药物，生料五积散是散发寒湿的药物，不知明智之士以为如何？
理中汤（出自《太平惠民和剂局方》）治疗脏腑中寒，牙关紧闭失音，四肢强直。兼治胃脘部停聚痰饮，冷气刺痛。人参干姜（炮制）甘草（炙烤）白术（各等分）
以上药材切碎。每次服用四钱，加水一盏，煎服。
四逆汤（出自《太平惠民和剂局方》）治疗伤寒自发性腹泻，脉象微弱几乎摸不到，手脚冰冷。（所谓“四逆”，是指四肢逆冷。）甘草（炙烤，二两）干姜（一两半）附子（去皮，半两）
以上药材切碎。每次服用五钱，加水一盏，煎煮至七分，温服，不限时间。
白术散（出自《活人书》方）治疗阴毒伤寒，口干烦躁，四肢逆冷。川乌（炮制，去掉皮和脐）桔梗（去掉芦头）干姜（炮制，半两）
以上研为细末。每次服用二钱，加水一盏，煎煮至六分，热服，不限时间。
附子理中汤 治疗中寒、中湿，呕吐逆气虚弱。人参白术干姜（炒）熟附子（各一两）甘草（炒，半两）
以上药材切碎。每次三钱，加生姜五片，饭前煎服。血少者加当归。
沉附汤 治疗虚寒无阳，胃弱干呕。熟附子干姜（炮制。各半两）沉香白术（各一分）甘草（炒，一钱半）
以上锉碎。每次三钱，加生姜五片煎煮，饭前服用。
姜附汤 治疗中寒，厥冷强直，失音口噤，吐沫，或者阴盛导致烦躁。熟附子干姜（炮制。等分。）
以上切碎。每次服用三钱，加水一盏半，煎煮一半，空腹时温和服用。也治疗严重腹泻，呕吐。
附子散 治疗伤寒阴证，嘴唇青紫面色发黑，身背强痛，四肢厥冷，以及各种虚损沉寒。熟附子（三分）官桂当归白术（各二分）干姜（炮制）半夏曲（各一分）
以上锉碎。每次服用三钱，加生姜五片，大枣二枚，饭前煎服。
应梦人参散 治疗伤寒身热头疼。也主治痰嗽。人参白术白芷干葛北梗青皮（各三分）甘草（炒，一两）干姜（一钱半）
以上研为细末。每次服用二钱，加姜枣煎服。
败毒散 伤寒热证通用。人参赤茯苓川芎北梗羌活独活前胡柴胡枳壳（制）甘草（炒。等分）
以上锉成散剂。每次服用三钱，加生姜五片，煎服。人参羌活散用药也相同。
伤寒证治格法《活人总括》详细叙述了其内容。
Shengliao Wuji San (Raw Material Five Accumulations Powder, from *Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang*) treats headache and body pain caused by contracting cold pathogenic factors, stiffness and spasms of the neck, aversion to cold, vomiting, and possibly abdominal pain. It also treats fever, headache, and aversion to wind due to Cold Damage (Shanghan), regardless of whether there is internal injury from raw or cold food or external contraction of wind-cold. It further treats soreness and pain in the waist and legs caused by cold-dampness lodging in the meridians, as well as abdominal pain during menstruation in women; it is effective for all these conditions. Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, soaked in rice washings, coarse skin removed, 24 liang) Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, radix tip removed, 12 liang) Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, roots and nodes removed) Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, albedo removed, stir-fried with bran. Each 6 liang) Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, each 4 liang) Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried) Fuling (Poria, peel removed) Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, each 3 liang) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, soaked in boiling water seven times, 2 liang)
The above herbs are cut into small pieces. For each dose, take 4 qian, add 1.5 zhan of water, 3 slices of fresh ginger, and 3 stalks of scallion white. Decoct until reduced to 70%, and take hot. In cases of severe cold exposure, use roasted ginger; if accompanied by qi stagnation, add... [text cuts off here]
Commentary: This medicine has a pungent and warm flavor. It releases the exterior and warms the middle jiao, and possesses remarkable efficacy in resolving depression and promoting qi circulation; it is a supreme remedy for dispelling cold-dampness. Cold-dampness belongs to Yin, while heat-dryness belongs to Yang. Diseases afflicting humans fall into these two categories. A skilled practitioner uses bitter-cold herbs to drain excess Yang-heat and pungent-warm herbs to disperse Yin-cold. There is no case where such treatment fails to cure the disease. I once considered Fangfeng Tongsheng San as a formula for draining heat-dryness, and Shengliao Wuji San as a formula for dispersing cold-dampness. I wonder how wise physicians view this?
Lizhong Tang (Regulating the Middle Decoction, from *Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang*) treats cold in the zang-fu organs, resulting in locked jaw and loss of voice, and rigidity of the four limbs. It also treats phlegm retention in the epigastrium and stabbing pain caused by cold qi. Renshen (Ginseng Radix) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, processed) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, equal parts)
The above herbs are cut into small pieces. For each dose, take 4 qian, add 1 zhan of water, and decoct for administration.
Sini Tang (Reverse Four Decoction, from *Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang*) treats spontaneous diarrhea due to Cold Damage, a faint pulse nearly imperceptible, and cold extremities. ("Reverse Four" refers to coldness extending to the four limbs.) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 2 liang) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, 1.5 liang) Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, peeled, 0.5 liang)
The above herbs are cut into small pieces. For each dose, take 5 qian, add 1 zhan of water, decoct until reduced to 70%, and take warm at any time.
Baizhu San (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Powder, from *Ren Shu* formulas) treats Yin-toxin Cold Damage, dry restlessness, and cold extremities. Chuanwu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, processed, peel and navel removed) Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, radix tip removed) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, processed, 0.5 liang)
The above are ground into fine powder. For each dose, take 2 qian, add 1 zhan of water, decoct until reduced to 60%, and take hot at any time.
Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Boost Qi Decoction) [Formula see Internal Injury chapter]
Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite Regulating the Middle Decoction) Treats cold and damp invasion, vomiting, regurgitation, and weakness. Renshen (Ginseng Radix) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, stir-fried) Shufuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateralis Radix, each 1 liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, stir-fried, 0.5 liang)
The above herbs are cut into small pieces. For each dose, take 3 qian, add 5 slices of ginger, and decoct for administration before meals. Add Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) if blood deficiency is present.
Chenfu Tang (Agarwood and Aconite Decoction) Treats deficiency-cold with absence of Yang, weak stomach, and dry retching. Shufuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateralis Radix) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, processed. Each 0.5 liang) Chenxiang (Aquilaria Lignum) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, each 1 fen) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, stir-fried, 1.5 qian)
The above are chopped. For each dose, take 3 qian, add 5 slices of ginger, decoct, and take before meals.
Jiangfu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction) Treats cold invasion, cold extremities with rigidity, loss of voice, locked jaw, salivation, or irritability caused by excessive Yin. Shufuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateralis Radix) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, processed. Equal parts)
The above are cut into small pieces. For each dose, take 3 qian, add 1.5 zhan of water, decoct until reduced by half, and take warm on an empty stomach. It also treats profuse diarrhea and vomiting.
Fuzi San (Aconite Powder) Treats Yin syndromes of Cold Damage, characterized by cyanotic lips and dark complexion, stiffness and pain of the back and body, cold extremities, and various chronic cold conditions due to deficiency. Shufuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateralis Radix, 3 fen) Guigui (Cinnamomi Cortex) Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, each 2 fen) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, processed) Banxiaqu (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum with Fermented Dough, each 1 fen)
The above are chopped. For each dose, take 3 qian, add 5 slices of ginger and 2 dates, and decoct for administration before meals.
Wudan Wan (Five Dan Pills) Treats deep-seated cold and entrenched chill. [Formula see Blood Syndromes category]
Yingmeng Renshen San (Dream-Answering Ginseng Powder) Treats fever and headache due to Cold Damage. It also primarily treats cough with phlegm. Renshen (Ginseng Radix) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) Genge (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) Beigeng (Platycodonis Radix) Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, each 3 fen) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, stir-fried, 1 liang) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, 1.5 qian)
The above are ground into fine powder. For each dose, take 2 qian, decoct with ginger and dates, and administer.
Baidu San (Defeat Poison Powder) Universally applicable to Heat syndromes of Cold Damage. Renshen (Ginseng Radix) Chi Fuling (Poria with Red Mycelium) Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Beigeng (Platycodonis Radix) Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, processed) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, stir-fried. Equal parts)
The above are chopped into a coarse powder. For each dose, take 3 qian, add 5 slices of ginger, decoct, and administer. The composition of Ren Shen Qiang Huo San (Ginseng and Notopterygium Powder) is identical.
Shanghan Zhengzhi Ge Fa (Grid Method for Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Cold Damage) [See *Ren Shu Zong Kuo* for detailed exposition].