贾真孙曰∶湿为土气，火热能生湿土，故夏热则万物湿润，秋凉则万物干燥。湿病本不
自生，因热而怫郁，不能宣行水道，故停滞而生湿也。况脾土脆弱之人，易为感冒，岂必水
不流而后为湿哉？人只知风寒之威严，不知暑湿之炎暄，感人于冥冥之中也。《病式》云∶
诸强直、积饮等证，皆属于湿。或 肿体寒而有水气，里必小便赤少不通，或渴，是蓄热
入里极深，非病寒也。大抵治法，宜理脾清热利小便为上，故治湿不利小便，非其治也。宜
桂苓甘露、木香、葶苈、木通治之。守真师曰∶葶苈木香散下神芎丸，此药下水湿，消肿胀，
利小便，理脾胃，无出乎此也。腹胀脚肿甚者，舟车丸下之。湿热内深发黄，茵陈汤下之，
或佐以防己、黄 。一身尽肿痛，或无汗，是湿流关节，邪气在表，宜五苓散加官桂、苍术
，微汗之，不可大汗。若自汗出多，热燥津液，内水不利，切勿利之，重损津液也，宜防风
白术甘草汤主之。其湿证有二，湿热证多，湿寒证少，当以脉证明辨之。如脉滑数，小便赤
涩，引饮，为湿热证；若小便自利清白，大便泻利，身疼，自汗，为寒湿证。治之宜五苓散
加生附、苍术、木瓜主之。
防己黄 汤（《金匮》方）治风湿，脉浮，身重，汗出恶风，或痛少力。
防己（一两） 甘草（炙，半两） 白术（七钱半） 黄 （一两）
上 咀。每服一两，入姜、枣煎。喘者加麻黄；胃气不和加芍药；气上冲加桂枝；下有
寒加细辛。
按∶湿胜身重，阳微中风则汗出恶风，故用黄 、甘草实表，防己、白术胜湿也，足三
阴例药。
五积散（《和剂方》）治外感风寒，冒寒湿身体重痛。（见寒类。）
按∶海藏云∶麻黄、桂、芍、甘草，即麻黄桂枝各半汤也；苍术、甘草、陈皮、浓朴，
即平胃散也；枳壳、桔梗、陈皮、茯苓、半夏，即桔梗半夏等汤也。又川芎、当归治血，兼
干姜、浓朴散气，此数药相合，为解表、温中、泄湿之剂，去痰、消痞、调经之方。虽为
内寒外感，表里之分之所制，实非仲景表里麻黄、桂枝、姜附之的方也。至于积冷呕泄，时
疫项背拘急，如葱白、豆豉。厥逆加吴茱萸；寒热，咳逆加枣；妇人之产加醋。始知用之非
一途也，惟知活法者其择之。
渗湿汤（《和剂方》）治寒湿所伤，身重腰冷如坐水中，小便或涩，大便溏泄。皆坐卧湿
地，或阴雨所袭之也。
苍术 白术 甘草（各一两） 干姜 茯苓（各二两） 陈皮 丁香（各二钱半）
上 咀。每服四钱，入枣煎。
按∶此足阳明、太阴药也，温中胜湿之剂。
茵陈五苓散 治湿热胜，发热黄胆。
茵陈蒿（十分） 五苓散（五分）
上二物和匀，水煎服。
桂苓甘露饮（《宣明方》）治湿热内甚，烦渴，泻利，小便涩，大便急痛，霍乱吐下，头
痛，口干。（方见暑门。）
清燥汤（东垣方）治表里有湿热，痿厥瘫痪，不能行走，或足踝、膝上、背肿痛，口干
泻痢。（方见痿门。）
三花神 丸（《宣明方》）治一切水湿肿病，大腹实胀喘满。
轻粉（一钱） 大黄（一两） 牵牛（二两） 芫花（醋炒） 甘遂 大戟（各半两）
上为末，滴水丸小豆大。初服五丸，每服加五丸，温水下，无时，日三服。
平胃散（《和剂方》）治脾胃不和，不进饮食。常服暖胃消痰。
苍术（米泔浸，五斤） 浓朴（姜制，炒） 陈皮（各三斤二两） 甘草（炒，三十两）
上为末。每五钱，姜三片，枣一枚，煎服。入盐一捻，沸汤点服亦得。一方加草果，名
平胃草果散。
升阳除湿汤（东垣方）
升阳除湿防风汤（东垣方。俱见泄泻门。）
煮酒应效方 治诸般湿气，筋骨疼痛。（方见风门。）
秘授仙方万应膏 贴一切湿气袭于肌肉，入于筋骨，疼痛不常，贴之神效。（方见疽疸
门。）
神芎导水丸 治湿热内郁，胸膈痞满，鼽衄，口舌生疮，咽喉不利，牙疳齿蚀，口臭，
或遍身生湿疮干疥，睡语切牙，惊惕怔忡，大小便滞涩，风热酒毒蕴热等证。
大黄 黄芩（各二两） 牵牛（头末） 滑石（各四两）
上为末，水丸如桐子大。每服四五十丸，温水下。虚实随证临时加减。
舟车丸
大黄（二两） 甘遂 大戟 芫花 青皮 陈皮（各一两） 牵牛（头末四两） 木香
（五钱）
上为细末，水丸如梧桐子大。每服六七十丸，白沸汤下。随时加减。
经验祛湿煮酒方 治风湿相搏，遍身手足疼痛者，服之神效。
川芎 威灵仙 荆芥 麻黄 防风 天麻 青木香 金毛狗脊 羌活 独活 枳壳（各
五钱） 川乌 草乌（各四钱） 苍术 陈皮 川当归（各五钱）
上咀，用好头酒五壶，将药用绢袋悬于坛口，再用重纸裹坛口，再用面糊密糊，勿令
泄气，用文武火煮熟，每服五盏为度。
贾真孙说：湿是土的气化表现，火热之气能生发湿土，所以夏天炎热时万物湿润，秋天凉爽时万物干燥。湿病本来不是凭空产生的，而是因为热邪导致气机郁结，不能正常宣通和运行水道，从而停滞而生成湿邪。何况脾土虚弱的人，容易受到外邪侵袭，难道一定要等到水流停滞才算是湿吗？人们只知道风寒的威严猛烈，却不知道暑湿在暗中给人的侵害。《病式》中说：各种肢体强直、停饮等证候，都属于湿。如果身体浮肿、怕冷且有水气，体内必然有小便短赤、量少甚至不通，或者口渴，这是蓄积的热邪深入体内到了极点，并不是寒病。大抵治疗原则，以调理脾胃、清热利小便为最佳，所以治疗湿病如果不通过利小便的方法，就不是正确的治法。适宜用桂苓甘露散、木香、葶苈子、木通来治疗。守真老师说：葶苈木香散配合神芎丸服用，这些药物能下行水湿，消除肿胀，通利小便，调理脾胃，没有比这更好的了。如果腹胀脚肿严重的，用舟车丸攻下。湿热内蕴深重导致发黄，用茵陈汤攻下，或者辅助以防己、黄芪。如果全身都肿痛，或者无汗，这是湿气流注关节，邪气在体表，适宜用五苓散加官桂、苍术，微微发汗，不可以大汗淋漓。如果自汗出得很多，热燥伤津液，体内水液代谢不利，千万不要再用利尿药，否则会严重损伤津液，适宜用防风白术甘草汤主治。湿证有两种，湿热证多，湿寒证少，应当通过脉象和症状仔细辨别。比如脉滑数，小便赤涩，想喝水，这是湿热证；如果小便自利且清亮，大便泄泻，身体疼痛，自汗，这是寒湿证。治疗适宜用五苓散加生附子、苍术、木瓜主治。
防己黄芪汤（出自《金匮要略》方）治疗风湿，脉浮，身体沉重，出汗怕风，或者疼痛乏力。
防己（一两） 甘草（炙，半两） 白术（七钱半） 黄芪（一两）
以上药材切碎。每次服用一两，加入生姜、大枣煎煮。气喘的加麻黄；胃气不和加芍药；气上冲加桂枝；下部有寒加细辛。
按语：湿气胜则身体沉重，阳气微弱中风则汗出怕风，所以用黄芪、甘草固护表气，防己、白术祛除湿邪，这是足三阴经常用的药物。
五积散（出自《太平惠民和剂局方》）治疗外感风寒，冒受寒湿导致身体沉重疼痛。（见寒类。）
按语：海藏先生说：麻黄、桂枝、芍药、甘草，就是麻黄桂枝各半汤；苍术、甘草、陈皮、厚朴，就是平胃散；枳壳、桔梗、陈皮、茯苓、半夏，就是桔梗半夏等汤。再加上川芎、当归治疗血分，兼用干姜、厚朴散气，这几味药相合，成为解表、温中、泄湿的药剂，去痰、消痞、调经的方子。虽然针对内寒外感，受制于表里之分，但实际上并非张仲景治疗表里证的麻黄、桂枝、姜附的确切方剂。至于积冷呕吐泄泻，时疫引起的项背拘急，如葱白、豆豉。四肢厥逆加吴茱萸；寒热往来，咳逆加枣；妇人产后加醋。开始知道使用它不是一条固定的路径，只有懂得灵活变通的人才会选择它。
渗湿汤（出自《太平惠民和剂局方》）治疗寒湿所伤，身体沉重腰部冷得像坐在水中，小便或涩滞，大便溏泄。都是因为坐卧湿地，或被阴雨侵袭所致。
苍术 白术 甘草（各一两） 干姜 茯苓（各二两） 陈皮 丁香（各二钱半）
以上药材切碎。每次服用四钱，加入大枣煎煮。
按语：这是足阳明、足太阴经的药物，是温中祛湿的药剂。
茵陈五苓散 治疗湿热胜，发热黄疸。
茵陈蒿（十分） 五苓散（五分）
以上两味药混合均匀，用水煎服。
桂苓甘露饮（出自《宣明论方》）治疗湿热内盛，烦渴，泻利，小便涩滞，大便急痛，霍乱吐下，头痛，口干。（方见暑门。）
清燥汤（李东垣方）治疗表里有湿热，痿厥瘫痪，不能行走，或者足踝、膝上、背部肿痛，口干泻痢。（方见痿门。）
三花神芎丸（出自《宣明论方》）治疗一切水湿肿胀病，大腹实胀喘满。
轻粉（一钱） 大黄（一两） 牵牛（二两） 芫花（醋炒） 甘遂 大戟（各半两）
以上研为末，滴水制成小豆大小的丸剂。初服五丸，每次增加五丸，温水送下，不限时间，每日三次。
平胃散（出自《太平惠民和剂局方》）治疗脾胃不和，食欲不振。常服可暖胃消痰。
苍术（米泔水浸，五斤） 厚朴（姜制，炒） 陈皮（各三斤二两） 甘草（炒，三十两）
以上研为末。每次五钱，加生姜三片，大枣一枚，煎服。加入一撮盐，用沸水冲服也可以。一方加草果，名为平胃草果散。
升阳除湿汤（李东垣方）
升阳除湿防风汤（李东垣方。俱见泄泻门。）
秘授仙方万应膏 贴敷一切湿气侵袭肌肉，进入筋骨，疼痛无常，贴之神效。（方见疽疸门。）
神芎导水丸 治疗湿热内郁，胸膈痞满，鼻塞流涕或鼻出血，口舌生疮，咽喉不利，牙疳齿蚀，口臭，或者遍身生湿疮干疥，睡梦中说话磨牙，惊惕怔忡，大小便滞涩，风热酒毒蕴热等证候。
大黄 黄芩（各二两） 牵牛（头末） 滑石（各四两）
以上研为末，水泛为丸如梧桐子大。每次服用四五十丸，温水送下。虚实随证临时加减。
舟车丸
大黄（二两） 甘遂 大戟 芫花 青皮 陈皮（各一两） 牵牛（头末四两） 木香（五钱）
以上研为细末，水泛为丸如梧桐子大。每次服用六七十丸，用白开水送下。随时加减。
经验祛湿煮酒方 治疗风湿相搏，遍身手足疼痛者，服用后神效。
川芎 威灵仙 荆芥 麻黄 防风 天麻 青木香 金毛狗脊 羌活 独活 枳壳（各五钱） 川乌 草乌（各四钱） 苍术 陈皮 川当归（各五钱）
以上切碎，用好头酒五壶，将药物用绢袋悬挂在坛口，再用厚纸包裹坛口，再用面糊严密封口，不让漏气，用文武火煮熟，每次服用五盏为限度。
Jia Zhen Sun said: Dampness is the qi transformation of Earth. Fire-heat can generate damp-Earth; therefore, in summer heat, all things are moist, and in autumn coolness, all things are dry. Damp diseases do not arise spontaneously but are caused by heat causing stagnation (Qi stagnation), preventing the normal dissemination and flow of water passages, thus leading to stagnation and the generation of dampness. Moreover, individuals with fragile Spleen-Earth are prone to external pathogenic invasions; must water flow stagnate before it is considered damp? People only know the majesty and severity of Wind-Cold but do not realize the insidious harm of Summerheat-Dampness. The *Bing Shi* states: Various conditions such as stiffness and rigidity, and fluid retention belong to Dampness. If there is body swelling, aversion to cold, and presence of water qi, internally there must be scanty, dark, or obstructed urination, or thirst. This indicates that accumulated heat has penetrated deeply into the interior; it is not a Cold disease. Generally, the treatment principle should prioritize regulating the Spleen, clearing heat, and promoting diuresis. Therefore, treating dampness without promoting urination is incorrect. Suitable treatments include Guiling Ganlu San (Cassia Twig and Poria Decoction), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen), and Mutong (Akebiae Caulis). Shouzhen Teacher stated: Taking Tingli Muxiang San (Descurainia and Aucklandia Powder) combined with Shenxiong Wan (Divine Angelica Pill) effectively moves downward water-dampness, reduces swelling, promotes urination, and regulates the Spleen and Stomach; nothing surpasses this. For severe abdominal distension and leg edema, Zhouche Wan (Boat Cart Pill) should be used to purge. For deep internal damp-heat causing jaundice, Yinchen Tang (Artemisia Decoction) should be used, possibly assisted by Fangji (Stephaniae Radix) and Huangqi (Astragali Radix). If the entire body is swollen and painful, or if there is no sweating, this indicates dampness flowing into the joints with pathogenic factors at the exterior. Wuling San (Five-Poria Decoction) added with Guigui (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) should be used to induce slight sweating; profuse sweating must be avoided. If spontaneous sweating is excessive, drying heat damages body fluids, and internal water metabolism is impaired, diuretics must absolutely not be used, as this would severely damage body fluids. Instead, Fangfeng Baizhu Gancao Tang (Saposhnikovia, Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction) should be administered. There are two types of dampness syndromes: damp-heat is common, while damp-cold is rare; they must be distinguished by pulse and symptoms. For example, a slippery and rapid pulse, dark and difficult urination, and increased thirst indicate a damp-heat syndrome; conversely, free and clear urination, loose stools, body pain, and spontaneous sweating indicate a cold-damp syndrome. Treatment should use Wuling San added with Sheng Fuzi (Raw Aconiti Lateralis Radix), Cangzhu, and Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus).
Fangji Huangqi Tang (Formula from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) treats Wind-Dampness with floating pulse, heavy body, sweating, aversion to wind, or pain with weakness.
Fangji (1 liang), Gancao (Honey-fried, 0.5 liang), Baizhu (7.5 qian), Huangqi (1 liang).
Crush the herbs. Take 1 liang per dose, decoct with Ginger and Jujube. For asthma, add Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba); for disharmony of Stomach Qi, add Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix); for rebellious Qi rising, add Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus); for cold below, add Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma).
Note: Excess dampness causes heaviness; Wei Yang deficiency with Wind invasion causes sweating and aversion to wind. Thus, Huangqi and Gancao are used to secure the exterior, while Fangji and Baizhu overcome dampness. These are typical herbs for the Three Yin channels of the Foot.
Wuji San (Formula from *Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang*) treats external contraction of Wind-Cold and exposure to Cold-Dampness resulting in heavy and painful body. (See Cold Category.)
Note: Haizang said: Mahuang, Guizhi, Shaoyao, and Gancao constitute Mahuang Guizhi Ban Xia Tang (Half-and-Half Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig); Cangzhu, Gancao, Chenpi, and Houpo constitute Pingwei San (Stomach-Ping Powder); Zhike, Jiegeng, Chenpi, Fuling, and Banxia constitute Jiegeng Banxia Tang (Platycodon and Pinellia Decoction). Additionally, Chuanxiong and Danggui treat Blood, while Ganjiang and Houpo disperse Qi. The combination of these herbs forms a formula for releasing the exterior, warming the middle, and draining dampness, resolving phlegm, eliminating fullness, and regulating menstruation. Although it addresses internal cold and external contraction, constrained by the distinction between exterior and interior, it is not strictly Zhang Zhongjing's definitive formula for exterior-interior conditions using Mahuang, Guizhi, Jiang, and Fu Zi. Regarding accumulation of cold with vomiting and diarrhea, epidemic neck and back stiffness, such as Congbai (Scallion White) and Douchi (Fermented Soybean); for cold extremities, add Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus); for alternating chills and fever with cough and rebellion, add Zao (Jujube); for women postpartum, add Vinegar. One realizes its application is not monolithic; only those who understand flexible methods should select it.
Shenshi Tang (Formula from *Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang*) treats injury by Cold-Dampness, characterized by heavy body, cold waist feeling like sitting in water, dysuria, or loose stools. This is caused by sitting or lying on wet ground or being attacked by rainy weather.
Cangzhu, Baizhu, Gancao (each 1 liang), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Fuling (Poria) (each 2 liang), Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos) (each 2.5 qian).
Crush the herbs. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct with Jujube.
Note: These are herbs for the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Taiyin channels, a formula for warming the middle and overcoming dampness.
Yinchen Wuling San treats excess damp-heat with fever and jaundice.
Yinchenhao (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba) (10 parts), Wuling San (5 parts).
Mix the two powders evenly and decoct with water for oral administration.
Guiling Ganlu Yin (Formula from *Xuan Ming Lun Fang*) treats severe internal damp-heat with irritability and thirst, diarrhea, dysuria, urgent bowel pain, cholera with vomiting and diarrhea, headache, and dry mouth. (Formula seen in Summerheat Section.)
Qingzao Tang (Li Dongyuan's Formula) treats damp-heat in both exterior and interior, flaccidity, cold limbs, paralysis, inability to walk, or swelling and pain in ankles, above knees, and back, with dry mouth and dysentery. (Formula seen in Flaccidity Section.)
Sanhua Shenxiong Wan (Formula from *Xuan Ming Lun Fang*) treats all water-dampness swelling diseases, large abdominal distension, fullness, and asthma.
Qinfen (Calomel), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (1 liang), Qianniu (Pharbitidis Semen) (2 liang), Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos, vinegar-fried), Gansui (Kansui Radix), Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix) (each 0.5 liang).
Grind into powder, make pills with drops of water, size of small beans. Start with 5 pills, increase by 5 pills per dose, take with warm water, anytime, three times daily.
Pingwei San (Formula from *Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang*) treats disharmony of Spleen and Stomach with poor appetite. Regular use warms the stomach and resolves phlegm.
Cangzhu (Soaked in rice wash water, 5 jin), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, ginger-processed, fried), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (each 3 jin 2 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, fried, 30 liang).
Grind into powder. Take 5 qian per dose with 3 slices of Ginger and 1 Jujube, decoct and drink. Adding a pinch of salt and taking with boiling water is also acceptable. Another prescription adds Caoguo (Tsaoko Fructus), named Pingwei Caoguo San.
Shengyang Chushi Tang (Li Dongyuan's Formula).
Shengyang Chushi Fangfeng Tang (Li Dongyuan's Formula. Both seen in Diarrhea Section.)
Zhujiu Yingxiao Fang (Effective Boiled Wine Prescription) treats various dampness conditions and bone-joint pain. (Formula seen in Wind Section.)
Mishou Xianfang Wanying Gao (Secretly Transmitted Immortal Ten-Thousand-Effect Plaster) applies to all dampness invading muscles and entering bones/joints with intermittent pain; applying it yields miraculous effects. (Formula seen in Carbuncle and Jaundice Section.)
Shenxiong Daoshui Wan treats internal depression of damp-heat, chest and diaphragm fullness, nasal obstruction or epistaxis, mouth and tongue ulcers, throat discomfort, gum decay, tooth erosion, bad breath, or generalized damp sores and dry scabies, sleep-talking, bruxism, palpitations, constipation or difficult urination, and conditions such as wind-heat, alcohol toxicity, and accumulated heat.
Dahuang, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 2 liang), Qianniu (Head powder), Huashi (Talcum) (each 4 liang).
Grind into powder, make pills with water, size of paulownia seeds. Take 40-50 pills per dose with warm water. Adjust dosage according to deficiency or excess.
Zhouche Wan
Dahuang (2 liang), Gansui, Daji, Yuanhua, Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Chenpi (each 1 liang), Qianniu (Head powder, 4 liang), Muxiang (Vladimiriae Radix) (5 qian).
Grind into fine powder, make pills with water, size of paulownia seeds. Take 60-70 pills per dose with plain boiled water. Adjust as needed.
Jingyan Qushi Zhujiu Fang (Experience-Based Dampness-Expelling Boiled Wine Prescription) treats Wind-Dampness bi-syndrome with pain throughout the body and extremities;服用 yields miraculous effects.
Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Weilingxian (Sinomenii Caulis), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), Qingmuxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Jinmao Gouji (Cibotii Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus) (each 5 qian), Chuanwu (Aconiti Radix), Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) (each 4 qian), Cangzhu, Chenpi, Chuandonggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) (each 5 qian).
Crush the herbs, place in a silk bag, and suspend in five pots of high-quality first-run wine. Seal the jar mouth with thick paper and paste with flour paste to prevent leakage. Cook over gentle fire until ready. Take five cups per dose as the limit.