气血痰水，受病于内者也；风寒暑湿，致寇于外者也。人之一身血气既虚，阴阳不守。
饮食居处，嗜欲无节，冲风卧地，调护不加，于是经络空疏，腠理开彻，风邪乘其虚而入之，
中风诸风皆是物耳。风之为病，善行数变，其中人也猝，其眩人也晕，激人之涎浮，昏人之
神乱。挟热则痿惰缓弛，挟寒则急痛拘挛。自其邪气之入人也，邪气反缓，正气反急，正气
引邪为 僻、为窜视、为掣纵、为搐搦、为瘫痪、为反张。在于阳则皮肤缓，在于阴则腹里
急。缓则四肢不能收，急则一身不能仰。皆随其邪气所至表里浅深而有证也。种类虽多，大
要有四。血气偏虚，半身不遂，肌肉枯瘦，骨间疼痛，谓之偏枯；神智不乱，身体无痛，四
肢不举，一臂不随，谓之风痱；（能言则可治。）忽然迷仆，舌强不语，喉中窒塞，噫噫有声，
谓之风 ；（身软有汗则生。）风寒湿三气合而为痹，其人肉浓，身顽不知痛痒。风多则走注，
寒多则疼痛，湿多则重着，在筋则筋屈而不伸，在脉则血凝而不流，在肉则不仁，在骨则癃
重，夫是之谓风痹。伤风一证，发热烦躁，头疼面光，恶风自汗，盖风能散气，故有汗也。
风家脉浮者，病在表；脉实者，病在里；脉虚者，病在脏；脉促者，病在上。浮则发散，实
则疏导，虚则温之。促于上而病患壮盛，胸喉澎湃者，瓜蒂散少少吐之。俗谓热则生风，大
纲然尔。多有胃虚、气虚、血虚，虚极而生风者。若诸虚证候，天雄、附子、官桂、川乌又
不可缺。治法大要，尽以消痰顺气为先。顺气用南木香、苏合香丸辈；消痰用南星、半夏、
细辛、僵蚕辈。如石绿、铁焰、水银、轻粉、铅霜、朴硝等剂，谨勿妄施。寒毒入胃，则血
脉凝涩，真气消铄，不旋踵而废人。治风良剂，小续命汤为上，排风汤次之，然二药主风不
主气，须以人参顺气散、乌药顺气散佐助其间，气一流行，则风亦疏散矣。至若口开手散，
泻血遗尿，眼合不开，汗出不流，吐沫气粗，声如鼾睡，面绯面黑，发直头摇，手足口鼻清
冷，口噤而脉急数，皆为不治之证。其余诸风种类，余于《婴儿惊风指要》备论之。
气血与痰饮、水湿，是源于体内的致病因素；风寒暑湿，是源于体外的致邪因素。人体一旦气血虚弱，阴阳失守。
饮食起居、嗜欲没有节制，迎风而卧、睡在地下，调护不当，于是经络空虚疏松，腠理开泄，风邪乘其虚弱而入侵，
中风及各类风病都是此类情况。风作为致病因素，善于游走且变化迅速，它侵袭人时突然发作，使人眩晕，激惹人的涎液上浮，扰乱人的神志。
挟带热邪则导致肢体痿软无力、弛缓，挟带寒邪则导致拘急疼痛、挛缩。从邪气侵入人体的角度来看，邪气所在之处肌肉松弛，正气所在之处肌肉拘急，正气牵引邪气导致口眼歪斜、视物偏斜、牵掣纵跳、抽搐痉挛、瘫痪、角弓反张。
邪气在于阳分（体表）则皮肤松弛，在于阴分（体内）则腹内拘急。松弛则四肢不能收摄，拘急则全身不能仰卧。这些症状都随着邪气所在的表里深浅不同而有所表现。种类虽然繁多，大体上有四种。血气偏虚，半身不遂，肌肉枯瘦，骨间疼痛，称为偏枯；神智不乱，身体无痛，四肢不能抬起，一只手臂不能随意活动，称为风痱；（能说话则可以治愈。）忽然昏倒仆地，舌强不语，喉中窒塞，发出呃逆声，称为风喑；（身体柔软有汗则预后良好。）风寒湿三气合而为痹证，其人肌肉厚实，身体麻木不知痛痒。风邪多则疼痛走窜不定，寒邪多则疼痛剧烈，湿邪多则沉重着滞，在筋则筋屈曲不能伸展，在脉则血液凝滞不流动，在肉则感觉迟钝，在骨则小便不利且沉重，这就叫做风痹。伤风这一证候，发热烦躁，头痛面色光亮，恶风自汗，因为风能散气，所以会有汗出。
患风病的人脉象浮的，病在表；脉象实的，病在里；脉象虚的，病在脏；脉象促的，病在上部。脉浮则用发散法，脉实则用疏导法，脉虚则用温补法。脉象促于上部且患者体质壮盛，胸喉间有痰涌澎湃感的，用瓜蒂散少量催吐。世俗认为热则生风，大体上是这样的。但多有因胃虚、气虚、血虚，虚极而生风的。如果诸种虚证候，天雄、附子、官桂、川乌又不可缺。治法的大要，都以消除痰饮、顺气为先。顺气用南木香、苏合香丸之类；消痰用南星、半夏、细辛、僵蚕之类。如石绿、铁焰、水银、轻粉、铅霜、朴硝等药剂，千万不要妄加使用。寒毒入胃，则血脉凝涩，真气消损，不久就会使人废疾。治疗风病的良剂，小续命汤为上品，排风汤次之，然而这两种药主治风而不主气，必须用人参顺气散、乌药顺气散辅助其间，气机一旦流通，风邪也就疏散了。至于若出现口开手散，便血遗尿，眼睛闭合不开，汗出不流，吐沫气粗，声音像打鼾睡熟，面色绯红或发黑，头发直立头摇，手足口鼻清冷，牙关紧闭而脉象急数，这些都是不治之证。其余各种风病的种类，我在《婴儿惊风指要》中已有详细论述。
Qi and blood, along with phlegm and fluid retention, are pathogenic factors originating from within the body; wind, cold, summer-heat, and dampness are pathogenic factors originating from outside. When a person's Qi and blood become deficient, Yin and Yang lose their balance.
Irregularities in diet and lifestyle, uncontrolled desires, lying exposed to wind or on the ground, and lack of proper care lead to empty and loose meridians, and open pores. Wind pathogens take advantage of this deficiency to invade. Stroke (Zhong Feng) and various wind diseases are all of this nature. As a pathogen, wind is characterized by its mobility and rapid changes. It strikes suddenly, causing dizziness, inducing floating of saliva, and disturbing the spirit.
When accompanied by heat, it leads to flaccidity and weakness; when accompanied by cold, it causes acute pain and spasms. Regarding the invasion of pathogens: the area affected by the pathogen becomes relaxed, while the area governed by healthy Qi becomes tense. The tension of healthy Qi pulling against the pathogen results in deviation of the mouth and eyes (Pian Pi), strabismus (Chuan Shi), jerking movements (Che Zong), convulsions (Chuo Nuo), paralysis (Tan Huan), and opisthotonos (Fan Zhang).
If the pathogen is in the Yang aspect (exterior), the skin becomes relaxed; if in the Yin aspect (interior), the abdomen becomes tense. Relaxation leads to the inability to control the limbs, while tension prevents the body from lying supine. Symptoms vary according to the depth and location (exterior/interior) of the pathogen. Although there are many types, they can be broadly categorized into four.
1. Hemiplegia (Pian Ku): Caused by deficiency of Qi and blood, characterized by hemiplegia, emaciated muscles, and bone pain.
2. Wind Fei (Feng Fei): Characterized by clear consciousness, absence of body pain, inability to lift the limbs, and one arm being useless. (Prognosis is good if speech is preserved.)
3. Wind An (Feng Yin): Sudden collapse, stiff tongue with inability to speak, throat obstruction, and hiccuping sounds. (Prognosis is good if the body is soft and sweating occurs.)
4. Wind Bi (Feng Bi): Caused by the combination of wind, cold, and dampness. The patient has thick flesh and numbness without sensation of pain or itch. Excess wind causes wandering pain; excess cold causes severe pain; excess dampness causes heaviness. If in the sinews, they contract and cannot extend; if in the vessels, blood stagnates; if in the flesh, there is insensibility; if in the bones, there is difficulty urinating and heaviness. This is called Wind Bi.
Wind Strike (Shang Feng): Characterized by fever, irritability, headache, shiny face, aversion to wind, and spontaneous sweating. Since wind disperses Qi, sweating occurs.
Diagnosis by pulse: Floating pulse indicates exterior disease; Excess pulse indicates interior disease; Deficient pulse indicates Zang organ disease; Rapid/Climaxing pulse indicates upper body disease.
Treatment principles: Floating pulse requires dispersing methods; Excess pulse requires draining/discharging methods; Deficient pulse requires warming methods. If the pulse is climaxing in the upper body and the patient is robust with phlegm-rushing sensations in the chest and throat, Gua Di San (Melon Stalk Powder) should be used in small amounts to induce vomiting.
Commonly, it is said that heat generates wind, which is generally true. However, wind is often generated from extreme deficiency of Stomach Qi, general Qi, or Blood. In such deficiency cases, Tian Xiong (Aconitum Kusnezoffii Radix), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root), Guan Gui (Cinnamon Bark), and Chuan Wu (Aconitum Carmichaelii Radix) are indispensable.
The general principle of treatment is to eliminate phlegm and regulate Qi first. To regulate Qi, use Nan Mu Xiang (Costus Root) and Su He Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill); to eliminate phlegm, use Nan Xing (Arisaema Cum Bile), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber), Xi Xin (Asarum), and Jiang Can (Bombyx Batryticatus).
Agents such as Shi Lv (Malachite), Tie Yan (Iron Calx), Shui Yin (Mercury), Qing Fen (Calomel), Qian Shuang (Lead Subcarbonate), and Po Xiao (Mirabilite) must never be used recklessly. Cold toxins entering the stomach cause blood vessel stagnation and depletion of True Qi, leading to disability shortly thereafter.
For treating wind, Xiao Xu Ming Tang (Minor Continuation of Life Decoction) is the best formula, followed by Pai Feng Tang (Expelling Wind Decoction). However, these two formulas primarily treat wind rather than Qi. They must be assisted by Ren Shen Shun Qi San (Ginseng Qi-Regulating Powder) and Wu Yao Shun Qi San (Lindera Qi-Regulating Powder). Once Qi circulation is restored, wind will also dissipate.
Signs of untreatable conditions include: mouth open and hands scattered, bloody stool and urinary incontinence, eyes closed and unable to open, no sweat despite fever, frothy sputum and coarse breathing, snoring-like sounds, red or black complexion, erect hair and head tremors, cold extremities/mouth/nose, locked jaw with rapid and tight pulse. These are all signs of incurability.
For other types of wind diseases, please refer to my detailed discussion in "Ying Er Jing Feng Zhi Yao" (Essentials for Infant Convulsions).