雍曰。仲景本论门自三阴三阳。至发汗吐下以后证而终。自病
可温以下。本论原无门目。其论说皆仲景之言。其见于三阳三阴诸
门者。王叔和重出于脉经以备仓猝寻按。今根据脉经所撰录诸后。
仲景曰。大法。冬宜服热药及灸。
又师曰。病发热头痛。脉反沉。若不瘥。身体疼痛。当救其里。宜
温药。四逆汤。雍曰。凡温药。皆用四逆汤。厥脉细者。宜当归四逆
汤。凡脉微欲绝。及脉不出者。通脉四逆汤。内有久寒者。当归四逆
加吴茱萸生姜汤主之。
又曰。下利腹胀满。身体痛。先温其里。宜四逆汤。
又曰。自利不渴者。属太阴。以其脏有寒故也。当温之。宜四逆
辈。
又曰。少阴病。其人饮食入口则吐。心中温温欲吐。复不能吐。
始得之。手足寒。脉弦迟。若膈上有寒饮。干呕者。不可吐。当温之。
宜四逆汤。
又曰。少阴病。脉沉者。急温之。宜四逆汤。
又曰。下利。欲食者。就当温之。
又曰。下利。脉迟紧。为痛未欲止。当温之。得冷者。满而便肠
垢。
又曰。下利。其脉浮大。此为虚。以强下之故也。设脉浮革。因尔
肠鸣。当温之。宜当归四逆汤。
又曰。少阴病。下利。脉浮涩者。必呕。汗出必数。更衣反少。当
温之。
又曰。伤寒。医下之。续得下利清谷不止。身体疼痛。急当救里。
宜温之以四逆汤。
庞氏以凡病发热头疼。脉反沉。若不瘥。身体疼痛者。脉浮迟。
表热里寒。下利清谷者。汗出热不去。内拘急。支节疼。四逆者。下
利。厥逆恶寒者。下利。腹痛胀满。身疼痛。脉浮者。凡五证。先用四
逆汤温其里。得利止。乃可随证用药攻表也。
郭雍说：张仲景的《伤寒论》原书，从三阴三阳篇开始，一直到发汗、吐法、下法之后的变证结束。从“病可温”这一条以下的内容，在《伤寒论》原书中原本没有独立的篇章标题。这些论述都是张仲景的话，其中见于三阳、三阴各篇中的内容，是王叔和为了便于紧急查阅，将其重新收录于《脉经》中。现在我依据《脉经》所收录的内容进行整理编写。
张仲景说：大原则是，冬季适宜服用热性药物以及施灸。
又引老师（指张仲景）的话说：病人出现发热、头痛的症状，但脉象反而沉细，如果病情没有好转，身体疼痛，应当急救其里虚寒，宜用温性药物，方选四逆汤（附子干姜甘草组成的回阳救逆剂）。
郭雍说：凡是使用温里药物的情况，都可用四逆汤。如果是厥冷且脉象细微的，宜用当归四逆汤（养血通脉、温经散寒之剂）。凡是脉微细几乎摸不到，或者脉搏不出现的，用通脉四逆汤（破阴回阳、通达内外之剂）。体内有久寒的，用当归四逆加吴茱萸生姜汤主治。
又说：腹泻伴腹部胀满，身体疼痛，应当先温补其里，宜用四逆汤。
又说：自发性腹泻且不口渴的，属于太阴病，因为脏腑内有寒邪的缘故。应当采用温法治疗，宜用四逆汤类方剂。
又说：少阴病，病人饮食入口即吐，心中感觉温热泛恶想吐却又吐不出来。刚发病时，手足寒冷，脉象弦迟。如果膈上有寒饮，导致干呕的，不可使用催吐法，应当采用温法，宜用四逆汤。
又说：腹泻，想吃东西的，就应当温补。
又说：腹泻，脉象迟而紧，说明疼痛尚未停止，应当温补。如果感受冷邪，会出现腹胀满并排出稀薄污浊的粪便。
又说：腹泻，脉象浮大的，这是虚证，是因为强行使用下法导致的。如果脉象呈现浮革（浮大而中空），因此出现肠鸣音，应当温补，宜用当归四逆汤。
又说：少阴病，腹泻，脉象浮涩的，必定伴有呕吐，出汗次数多，虽然多次更衣排便，但量反而很少，应当温补。
又说：伤寒病，医生误用下法后，接着出现完谷不化的腹泻不止，身体疼痛，必须紧急救治其里，宜用四逆汤温补。
庞安时认为，凡是疾病出现发热头痛，脉象反而沉，如果病情未愈，身体疼痛的；脉象浮迟，表热里寒的；下利清谷（泻下未消化食物）的；汗出而热不退，内部拘急挛缩，四肢关节疼痛的；四肢厥逆，下利，畏寒的；下利，腹痛胀满，身体疼痛，脉象浮的。以上五种证候，先用四逆汤温补其里，等到腹泻停止后，再根据症状用药解表。
Guo Yong stated: Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) originally begins with the chapters on the Three Yin and Three Yang meridians and concludes with the post-sweating, post-emetic, and post-purgative syndromes. The section starting from "Diseases Suitable for Warming" lacks an original chapter title in the primary text. These discussions are all words of Zhang Zhongjing; those appearing in the various chapters of the Three Yang and Three Yin were recompiled by Wang Shuhe into the *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) for emergency reference. I now organize and record these based on what is written in the *Mai Jing*.
Zhang Zhongjing said: The general principle is that in winter, it is appropriate to administer hot-natured medicines and moxibustion.
Furthermore, the Master said: When a patient presents with fever and headache, but the pulse is unexpectedly deep (Chen), if the condition does not improve and body pain persists, one should urgently rescue the interior deficiency-cold. It is suitable to use warming medicines, such as Sini Tang (Four Reversal Decoction).
Guo Yong said: For all cases requiring warming interior medicines, Sini Tang may be used. If there is cold extremities (Jue) with a fine (Xi) pulse, Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Sinensis Decoction for Reversing Cold Extremities) is indicated. If the pulse is faint (Wei) and nearly imperceptible, or absent, Tongmai Sini Tang (Unblocking Pulse Sini Decoction) is indicated. If there is long-standing cold within, Danggui Sini Tang plus Wu Zhu Yu and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) should be administered.
He also said: In cases of diarrhea with abdominal fullness and body pain, one should first warm the interior, using Sini Tang.
He also said: Spontaneous diarrhea without thirst belongs to Taiyin disease, due to cold in the zang organs. One should apply warming methods, using formulas similar to Sini Tang.
He also said: In Shaoyin disease, if food enters the mouth and is immediately vomited, and the person feels a sense of warmth and nausea in the heart region but cannot actually vomit; upon initial onset, if the hands and feet are cold and the pulse is wiry (Xuan) and slow (Chi); if there is cold-fluid retention above the diaphragm causing dry heaving, emesis should not be induced. Instead, one should warm the interior, using Sini Tang.
He also said: In Shaoyin disease, if the pulse is deep (Chen), urgent warming is required, using Sini Tang.
He also said: In diarrhea, if the patient desires food, warming should be applied.
He also said: In diarrhea, if the pulse is slow (Chi) and tight (Jin), it indicates that pain has not yet ceased, and warming should be applied. If exposed to cold, abdominal fullness will occur accompanied by the passage of thin, turbid feces.
He also said: In diarrhea, if the pulse is floating (Fu) and large (Da), this indicates deficiency, caused by aggressive purgation. If the pulse is floating and hollow (Ge), resulting in borborygmus (intestinal rumbling), warming should be applied, using Danggui Sini Tang.
He also said: In Shaoyin disease, with diarrhea, a floating (Fu) and choppy (Se) pulse indicates inevitable vomiting. Profuse sweating occurring frequently, yet defecation frequency increases while volume decreases, requires warming.
He also said: In Shanghan (Cold Damage), if a physician incorrectly uses purgation, leading to continuous diarrhea of undigested food (Qing Gu) and body pain, one must urgently rescue the interior by warming it with Sini Tang.
Pang Anshi believed that for any disease presenting with fever and headache but a deep pulse, which does not resolve and involves body pain; or a floating and slow pulse indicating exterior heat and interior cold; or diarrhea of undigested food; or sweating with persistent fever, internal cramping, and joint pain; or cold extremities with diarrhea and aversion to cold; or diarrhea with abdominal pain, fullness, body pain, and a floating pulse—these five syndromes should first be treated with Sini Tang to warm the interior. Only after the diarrhea stops should one proceed to treat the exterior according to the specific symptoms.