吐血者，诸阳受热，其邪在表，当汗不汗，致使热毒入脏，积蓄于内，遂成吐血。凡见眼闭目
红，神昏语短，眩冒迷忘，烦躁漱水，惊狂谵语，鼻衄唾红，背冷足寒，四肢厥逆，胸腹急满，大
便黑，小便数，皆瘀血证也。虽有多般，不必悉具，但见一二，便作血证主张。初得此证，急宜治
之。服桂枝汤吐者，其后必吐脓血，犀角地黄汤。血热者，黄连阿胶汤也。
心悸者，筑筑然动，怔怔忡忡，不能自安是也。有气虚，有停饮。其气虚者，阳气内弱，心中
空虚而为悸。又有汗下后正气虚而亦悸，与气虚而悸又甚，皆须定治其气也。其停饮者，由饮水过
多，水停心下，心火恶水，不能自安，虽有余邪，必先治悸与水也。如小便利而悸者，茯苓桂枝白
术汤。小便少者，必里急，猪苓汤
为要也。
发黄者，湿热交并，民多病瘅者，单阳而无阴也。太阴脾土，湿热所蒸，色见于外，必发黄。
湿气胜，则如熏黄而晦。热气胜，则如橘黄而明。伤寒发黄，热势已极，且与蓄血大抵相类。但小
便不利，大便实者，为发黄，轻则五苓散，重则茵陈汤。小便不利，大便黑者，为蓄血，轻则犀角
地黄汤，重则桃仁承气汤。湿家为病，一身尽痛，发热，身如熏黄，小便不利者，五苓散；小便自
利，无黄者，术附汤；身烦疼者，麻黄汤加苍术。若夫形如烟煤，摇头直视，环口黎黑，举体发黄
者，此皆真脏绝也。
吐血，是由于诸阳经受邪受热，病邪在表，应当发汗却未发汗，导致热毒深入脏腑，积蓄于体内，从而形成吐血。凡是出现眼睛闭合、眼目发红、神志昏迷、言语短促、眩晕昏冒、意识恍惚、烦躁想含水漱口、惊恐狂乱、胡言乱语、鼻出血或唾液中带血、背部发冷、足部寒冷、四肢厥冷、胸腹部急迫胀满、大便色黑、小便频数等症状的，都属于瘀血的证候。虽然症状表现多种多样，不必全部具备，但只要见到其中一两项，就按血证来主治。刚得到这个病症时，应当紧急治疗。服用桂枝汤后发生呕吐的，其后必然会出现吐脓血的情况，用犀角地黄汤治疗。属于血热的，用黄连阿胶汤治疗。
心悸，是指心中跳动不安，扑通扑通地剧烈跳动，无法自我安宁的状态。有心气虚的，也有水饮停聚的。心气虚的，是因为阳气内部虚弱，心中空虚而导致心悸。又有在发汗或攻下之后，正气虚弱而引发心悸的，这比单纯的气虚心悸更为严重，都必须首先安定并调理其气机。至于水饮停聚引起的，是因为饮水过多，水液停滞在心下（胃脘部），心火厌恶水湿，导致心神不能安宁，即使还有其他的余邪，也必须先治疗心悸和水饮。如果小便通畅但仍有悸动的，用茯苓桂枝白术汤。如果小便量少，必定伴有里急后重感，猪苓汤是主要的方剂。
发黄，是湿热相互交结，民众多患黄疸病，这是只有阳热而没有阴寒的表现。太阴脾土受湿热熏蒸，色泽显现于体表，必然发黄。湿气偏胜的，颜色像被烟熏过的黄色那样晦暗；热气偏胜的，颜色像橘子皮黄那样鲜明。伤寒导致的发黄，热势已经极盛，且大多与蓄血证相似。只要小便不利、大便干结的，就是发黄，轻症用五苓散，重症用茵陈汤。如果小便不利、大便色黑的，就是蓄血，轻症用犀角地黄汤，重症用桃仁承气汤。患有湿病的患者，全身疼痛，发热，身体像被烟熏过的黄色，小便不利的，用五苓散；如果小便自利，没有发黄症状的，用术附汤；如果身体烦痛，用麻黄汤加苍术。至于面色像烟煤一样黑，摇头直视，口唇周围发黑，全身发黄的，这些都是真脏脉绝的危重证候。
Hematemesis (vomiting blood) occurs when the Yang meridians are affected by heat, with the pathogen located in the exterior. If sweating should have been induced but was not, heat-toxin enters the Zang organs and accumulates internally, resulting in hematemesis. Symptoms such as closed eyes with redness, coma with short speech, dizziness and fainting, irritability with a desire to rinse the mouth with water, fright, mania, delirium, epistaxis (nosebleed) or hemoptysis (blood in sputum), coldness of the back and feet, cold extremities, acute fullness of the chest and abdomen, black stool, and frequent urination all indicate blood stasis syndromes. Although there are many variations, it is not necessary for all symptoms to be present; observing one or two is sufficient to treat it as a blood syndrome. When this condition first appears, urgent treatment is required. If vomiting occurs after taking Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), pus and blood will likely be vomited subsequently; Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) is indicated. For blood-heat patterns, Huanglian Ejiao Tang (Coptis and Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction) is used.
Palpitations refer to the sensation of the heart beating violently and irregularly ("zhuzhu" and "chengcheng"), causing mental unrest and an inability to feel at ease. This can be caused by Qi deficiency or retained fluid. In cases of Qi deficiency, internal weakness of Yang Qi leads to emptiness in the heart, resulting in palpitations. Palpitations may also occur after sweating or purging therapies due to deficiency of healthy Qi; these are more severe than simple Qi-deficiency palpitations and require stabilizing and regulating Qi. Regarding retained fluid, excessive water intake causes water to stagnate below the heart (epigastrium). Heart Fire dislikes water, leading to mental unrest. Even if other residual pathogens exist, treating the palpitations and water retention must take precedence. If urination is free but palpitations persist, Fuling Guizhi Baizhu Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, and Atractodes Macrocephala Decoction) is indicated. If urine output is scant, accompanied by tenesmus, Zhuling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) is the primary formula.
Jaundice results from the intermingling of dampness and heat. Many people suffer from jaundice, which represents an excess of Yang heat without Yin cold. The Spleen Earth of the Taiyin meridian is steamed by damp-heat, causing the yellow color to manifest on the exterior. When dampness predominates, the complexion is dull, resembling smoke-stained yellow. When heat predominates, the complexion is bright, resembling orange peel. In Shanghan (Cold Damage) jaundice, the heat intensity is extreme and generally resembles blood accumulation syndromes. Jaundice is characterized by difficulty in urination and constipation; mild cases are treated with Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), while severe cases use Yinyin Tang (Artemisia Capillaris Decoction). If urination is difficult but stools are black, it indicates blood accumulation; mild cases use Xijiao Dihuang Tang, while severe cases use Tao Ren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel and Magnolia Bark Decoction). Patients with chronic dampness may experience generalized body pain, fever, and a smoke-stained yellow complexion with urinary difficulty, treated with Wuling San. If urination is normal and no jaundice is present, Shu Fu Tang (Atractodes and Aconite Decoction) is used. If there is bodily discomfort and pain, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) plus Cangzhu (Atractodes Rhizome) is indicated. However, if the complexion is dark like soot, the patient shakes their head and stares fixedly, the area around the mouth is black, and the entire body is yellow, these are signs of the collapse of the True Zang organs (terminal stages of organ failure).