湿热发黄头汗出，小便不利渴阳明。素有寒湿发汗后，黄从阴化太阴经。阳色鲜明
阴色暗，太阳血蓄并狂生。表实麻翘赤小豆，茵陈里实栀子清。阴黄茵陈四逆主，便溏尿
秘茵五苓。环口黛黑柔汗死，体若烟熏阳绝征。
【注】阳明病应遍身有汗，谓之热越。今头汗出，身无汗，是热不得越也。渴而引饮，
小便不利，是停水也。热与湿瘀，从土而化，外薄肌肉。谓之湿热发黄也。或其人素有寒
湿，为表邪遏郁，或已成黄，又经发汗，传入太阴，从阴而化，谓之湿寒发黄也。阳明
属阳，故其色明亮。太阴属阴，故其色晦暗也。太阳蓄血亦有发黄，多与狂病并生，法
当从蓄血治也。表实无汗发黄者，宜麻黄连翘赤小豆汤汗之。里实不便者，宜茵陈蒿汤
下之。无表里证热盛者，宜栀子柏皮汤清之。阴证发黄者，宜茵陈四逆汤温之。若大便溏，
小便秘，发黄者，宜茵陈五苓散利之。环口黧黑柔汗者，阴黄死证也。柔汗、谓冷汗也。
身体枯燥如烟熏者，阳黄死证也。
伤寒疹斑失汗下，感而即出时气然。表邪覆郁营卫分，外泛皮脉痧疹斑。痧白疹红
如肤粟，斑红如豆片连连。红轻赤重黑多死，淡红稀暗是阴寒。未透升麻消毒治，热盛三
黄石膏煎，已透青黛消斑饮，双解痧疹法同前。
【注】伤寒发斑、疹、痧，皆因汗下失宜，外邪覆郁，内热泛出而成也。惟时气传染，感
而即出，亦由疫之为病烈而速也。发于卫分则为痧，卫主气，故色白如肤粟也。发于营
分则为疹斑。营主血，故色红肤浅为疹，深重为斑。斑形如豆，甚则成片连属。斑疹之
色红者轻，赤者重，黑者死，此以热之深浅验死生也。若其色淡红而稀暗者，皆因邪在
三阳，已成斑疹入里，邪从阴化，或过服冷药所致。是为阴斑、阴痧。阴疹，法当从阴
寒主治也。斑出未透，表热轻者，宜升麻葛根汤，合消毒犀角饮治之。表热重者，宜三
黄石膏汤发之。已透用青黛消斑饮，加减清之。痧疹初起，表里不清，用双解散先通表
里，余法同前治之可也。
湿热导致发黄，表现为头部出汗，小便不通畅，口渴，病位在阳明。如果患者素来有寒湿，发汗后，黄色从阴经转化，涉及太阴经。阳黄的色泽鲜明，阴黄的色泽晦暗；太阳蓄血证也会并发发狂的症状。表实无汗的发黄，用麻黄连翘赤小豆汤治疗；里实便秘的发黄，用茵陈蒿汤和栀子柏皮汤清泄；阴黄用茵陈四逆汤主治；大便溏泄、小便不利（注：原文此处“尿秘”在注中解释为小便秘，但前文症状描述为“便溏尿秘”，结合语境及常规辨证，此处指脾虚湿盛或气化不利导致的二便异常，注中明确提到“若大便溏，小便秘...宜茵陈五苓散利之”，故翻译依原文字面及注文逻辑）用茵陈五苓散治疗。口唇周围发黑且出冷汗者预后不良，身体干枯如被烟熏者是阳气绝灭的征象。
伤寒出现疹斑，是因为误用汗法或下法，感受邪气后立即发作，属于时行疫气的表现。表邪郁闭在营卫分，外泛于皮肤脉络形成痧、疹、斑。白色的痧像皮肤上的粟粒，红色的疹子连成一片像豆子。颜色红者病情轻，赤色重，黑色多致死；淡红色且稀疏晦暗的是阴寒证。疹斑未透发时，用升麻葛根汤合消毒犀角饮治疗；热盛时用三黄石膏汤煎服；已透发时用青黛消斑饮加减清解。痧疹的治疗法则同前所述的双解散方法。
【注】伤寒发斑、疹、痧，都是因为汗法和下法使用不当，外邪郁闭，内热泛出而形成的。只有时行疫气传染，感邪后立即发作，也是因为疫病性质猛烈且迅速所致。发于卫分的就是痧，卫主气，所以颜色白如皮肤粟粒。发于营分的就是疹和斑，营主血，所以颜色红且浅表的为疹，深重的为斑。斑的形状像豆子，严重时成片连接。斑疹颜色红的病情轻，赤色的重，黑色的死，这是根据热的深浅来判断生死。如果颜色淡红且稀疏晦暗，都是因为邪气在三阳经，已经形成斑疹入里，邪气从阴化，或者过服冷药所致。这称为阴斑、阴痧。阴疹，治疗方法应当从阴寒主治。斑出未透，表热轻的，用升麻葛根汤合消毒犀角饮治疗。表热重的，用三黄石膏汤发散。已透发的用青黛消斑饮，加减清解。痧疹初起，表里不清，用双解散先通调表里，其余治法同前。
Damp-heat causing jaundice presents with sweating on the head only, difficulty in urination, thirst, and involves the Yangming (Yang Brightness) channel. If a patient has chronic cold-dampness, after sweating therapy, the jaundice transforms from the Yin aspect involving the Taiyin (Great Yin) channel. Yang jaundice has a bright color, while Yin jaundice has a dark color; Sunyang (Greater Yang) blood accumulation syndrome may also present with mania. For exterior excess type jaundice without sweat, Mahuang Lianqiao Xiaodou Tang (Ephedra, Forsythia, and Adzuki Bean Decoction) is indicated. For interior excess type jaundice with constipation, Yinchen Hao Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba Decoction) and Zhizi Baipi Tang (Gardeniae Cortex Phellodendri Decoction) are used to clear heat. Yin jaundice is primarily treated with Yinchen Sini Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Aconite Root Decoction). For cases with loose stools and urinary retention/difficulty, Yichen Wuling San (Artemisiae Scopariae and Five-Ingredient Poria Powder) is used to promote diuresis. Blackening around the mouth accompanied by soft sweat (cold sweat) indicates a critical condition. A body dry and withered like being smoked by fire indicates extinction of Yang qi.
In Shanghan (Cold Damage), the appearance of macules and rashes results from improper use of sweating or purging methods, where external pathogens are trapped and internal heat erupts immediately upon infection, characteristic of epidemic Qi. When exterior pathogens oppress the Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) levels, they manifest externally on the skin and vessels as sha (sand-like spots), zhen (rashes), and ban (macules). White sha resembles skin millet grains, while red zhen appears continuously like bean-sized spots. Red color indicates mild disease, crimson indicates severe disease, and black often indicates death; pale red and sparse/dark colors indicate Yin-cold patterns. If not yet fully erupted, Shengma Gegen Tang (Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Puerariae Radix Decoction) combined with Xiaodu Xijiao Yin (Detoxifying and Rhino Horn Decoction) is used. For high heat, Sanhuang Shigao Tang (Three-Yellow and Gypsum Decoction) is decocted. Once fully erupted, Qingdai Xiaoban Yin (Indigo Naturalis Macule-Clearing Decoction) is used for modification and clearing. The method for sha and zhen is consistent with the aforementioned Shuangjie San (Double-Resolving Powder).
[Note] The emergence of macules, rashes, and sha in Shanghan are all caused by inappropriate sweating or purging, leading to entrapment of external pathogens and eruption of internal heat. Only epidemic infections appear immediately upon contraction due to the fierce and rapid nature of the pathogen. Manifestation at the Wei level constitutes sha; since Wei governs Qi, the color is white like skin millet. Manifestation at the Ying level constitutes zhen and ban; since Ying governs Blood, superficial redness is zhen, and deep severity is ban. Ban shapes resemble beans, sometimes merging into large patches. Red color in macules/rashes is mild, crimson is severe, and black is fatal, determining prognosis based on the depth of heat. Pale red, sparse, and dark colors occur when pathogens remain in the Three Yang channels but have entered the interior forming macules/rashes, transforming via the Yin aspect, or resulting from excessive intake of cold medicines. This is termed Yin-macule, Yin-sha. Yin-rash should be treated according to Yin-cold principles. For incompletely erupted macules with mild exterior heat, Shengma Gegen Tang combined with Xiaodu Xijiao Yin is used. For severe exterior heat, Sanhuang Shigao Tang is used to disperse. For fully erupted cases, Qingdai Xiaoban Yin is used with modifications to clear. For early-stage sha and zhen with unclear exterior-interior status, Shuangjie San is used first to regulate both levels, followed by other methods as previously described.