麻黄 桂枝 甘草 杏仁 生姜 大枣 石膏
主伤寒见风。脉浮缓身不疼。但重。乍有轻时。无少阴症者宜之。青龙者。东方木神也
。应春而主肝。专发生之令。为敷荣之主。万物出甲。则有两岐。肝有两叶以应之。谓之青龙者。
发散营卫两伤之邪也。桂枝主风。麻黄主寒。此则伤寒见风。所以处青龙汤。两解风寒也。
寒伤营。必以甘缓之。风伤卫。必以辛散之。此风寒两伤。必用辛甘相合而疗之。是以麻黄
为
。夫风寒两伤。非轻剂可以独散。必须以轻重之剂同散之。是以用石膏之苦辛。质重而又达
肌为使也。此汤为发汗重剂。用之稍过。即有亡阳之害。故仲景戒多服也。 服药后汗不止
。将病患发披水盆中。露足出外。以温粉周身扑之。白术。 本。川芎。白芷。等分细末。
每药末一两。入米粉三两。
麻黄 芍药 细辛 干姜 甘草（炙） 桂枝 五味子 半夏
主表邪不解。心下有水气。 青龙象肝木之两岐。主两伤之疾。麻黄汤散寒。桂枝汤散
风。若表不解而心下有水气。为表里两伤。须小青龙祛表里之邪。麻黄辛温。为发散之君。桂
枝辛热。甘草甘平。为发散之臣。芍药酸寒。五味酸温。寒饮伤肺。则咳喘而肺气逆。经曰
。肺欲收急食酸以收之。故芍药五味子为佐。以收逆气心下有水。津液不行。则肾燥。经曰。肾
苦燥急食辛以润之。故以干姜辛热。细辛辛温。半夏微温为使。以散寒水。如是则津液通行
。汗出而解。 心下有水气。变症多端。故立加减之法。渴者。去半夏。加栝蒌根。水蓄则
津液不行。气燥而渴。半夏性燥。去之则津易复。栝蒌性润。加之则津易生。微利者。去麻黄。
加芫花。水渍肠胃。则为利。下利不可发表。发之必胀满。故去麻黄。酸苦能涌泄。水去则
利止。故加芫花。经曰。水得冷气。其人即噎。胃寒非表症。故去麻黄。辛热能温中。故加附
子。若小便不利。病在下焦。甘淡者下渗。故加茯苓。发散者上行。故去麻黄。喘则气上。法
当降下。麻黄轻扬而上。是以去之。杏仁苦泄而下。是以加之。
主治伤寒兼见风邪。脉象浮缓，身体不疼痛，只是沉重，偶尔有减轻的时候。没有少阴病症状的，适宜使用此方。青龙，是东方木行的神灵，对应春季而主管肝脏，专门行使生发的命令，是敷布荣气的主体。万物破甲而出时，都有两个分叉，肝脏有两叶以对应这一现象。称为青龙，是因为它能发散营卫两伤的邪气。桂枝主治风邪，麻黄主治寒邪。这里是伤寒兼见风邪，所以使用青龙汤，同时解除风寒之邪。
寒邪伤及营分，必须用甘味药来缓和它；风邪伤及卫分，必须用辛味药来疏散它。这是风寒两伤，必须用辛味和甘味相配合来治疗。因此以麻黄为主药。既然风寒两伤，不是轻剂可以单独散去的，必须以轻重不同的药物共同发散。因此使用石膏的苦辛之性，因其质地沉重又能透达肌表，作为使药。此汤是发汗的重剂，使用稍微过量，就有亡阳的危害，所以张仲景告诫不要多服。服药后如果汗出不止，将病人放入装有水的水盆中，露出双脚在外面，用温粉扑打全身。白术、藁本、川芎、白芷，各等分研成细末。每取药末一两，加入米粉三两。
主治表邪不解，心下有停饮（水气）。青龙像肝木的两个分叉，主治两伤的疾病。麻黄汤发散寒邪，桂枝汤发散风邪。如果表证不解且心下有停饮，属于表里两伤，需要小青龙汤祛除表里之邪。麻黄辛温，作为发散的主药；桂枝辛热，甘草甘平，作为发散的辅药；芍药酸寒，五味子酸温。寒饮损伤肺脏，就会导致咳嗽气喘且肺气上逆。医经说：“肺喜欢收敛，应紧急食用酸味药来收敛它。”所以芍药和五味子作为佐药，用来收敛上逆的肺气。心下有停饮，津液运行不畅，就会导致肾燥。医经说：“肾脏苦于干燥，应紧急食用辛味药来滋润它。”所以用干姜的辛热、细辛的辛温、半夏的微温作为使药，用来散除寒水。这样津液就能通行，出汗而病解。
心下有停饮，变症多种多样，所以设立加减的方法。口渴的，去掉半夏，加入栝蒌根。水湿内停则津液不行，气机燥渴而致口渴。半夏性质燥烈，去掉它则津液容易恢复；栝蒌性质润泽，加入它则津液容易生成。轻微腹泻的，去掉麻黄，加入芫花。水湿浸渍肠胃，就会造成腹泻。下利不可发表，发表必然导致胀满，所以去掉麻黄。酸苦能涌吐泄下，水湿去除了腹泻就停止，所以加入芫花。医经说：“水遇到冷气，人就会噎塞。”胃寒不属于表证，所以去掉麻黄。辛热能温中，所以加入附子。如果小便不利，病在下焦，甘淡的药物向下渗透，所以加入茯苓。发散的药物趋向上行，所以去掉麻黄。气喘则是气机上逆，治法应当降下。麻黄轻扬而上行，所以去掉它；杏仁苦泄而下行，所以加入它。
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝), Licorice Root (Gancao, 甘草), Apricot Seed (Xingren, 杏仁), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 生姜), Jujube Fruit (Dazao, 大枣), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏).
Indicated for Cold Damage (Shanghan) complicated by Wind pathogen. The pulse is floating and moderate (slow/relaxed), the body does not ache but feels heavy, occasionally with periods of relief. It is suitable when there are no Shaoyin disease symptoms. Qinglong (Azure Dragon) refers to the spirit of Wood in the East, corresponding to Spring and governing the Liver. It exclusively commands the function of growth and generation, serving as the master of distributing Ying (Nutritive Qi). When all things emerge from their shells, they have two branches; the Liver has two lobes to correspond to this, hence named Azure Dragon. This formula disperses pathogens that injure both Ying and Wei (Defensive Qi). Guizhi treats Wind, Mahuang treats Cold. Here, Cold Damage is complicated by Wind, so Qinglong Tang is used to simultaneously resolve Cold and Wind.
When Cold injures Ying, it must be moderated with Sweet substances; when Wind injures Wei, it must be dispersed with Pungent substances. In cases where both Cold and Wind injure, Pungent and Sweet flavors must be combined for treatment. Therefore, Mahuang serves as the sovereign drug. Since Cold and Wind are both injured, light agents cannot disperse them alone; agents of varying heaviness and lightness must be used together to disperse. Thus, the bitter-pungent nature of Shigao, being heavy in texture yet capable of reaching the muscle layer, is used as an envoy drug. This decoction is a heavy sweating agent. If used slightly excessively, it may cause Yang collapse (Wangyang). Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing warned against excessive dosage. If sweating continues uncontrollably after taking the medicine, place the patient in a basin of water, expose their feet outside, and pat the whole body with warm powder. Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术), Cyperi Rhizoma (Ben, 藁本 - *Note: Text says Ben, usually refers to Ligusticum or similar aromatic herbs in this context, often translated as Cimicifugae Rhizoma or similar depending on specific lineage, here literal 'Ben'*), Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong, 川芎), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi, 白芷), in equal parts, finely powdered. For every one tael of herbal powder, add three taels of rice flour.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao, 芍药), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin, 细辛), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干姜), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Zhi Gancao, 炙甘草), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi, 五味子), Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia, 半夏).
Indicated for unresolved exterior pathogens and fluid retention (Water Qi) in the epigastrium. Qinglong resembles the two branches of Liver Wood, treating diseases of dual injury. Mahuang Tang disperses Cold, Guizhi Tang disperses Wind. If the exterior remains unresolved while there is fluid retention in the epigastrium, it constitutes a dual injury of interior and exterior. Xiao Qinglong Tang is required to dispel pathogens from both exterior and interior. Mahuang is acrid-warm, serving as the sovereign for dispersion; Guizhi is acrid-hot, Zhi Gancao is sweet-neutral, serving as ministers for dispersion; Shaoyao is sour-cold, Wuweizi is sour-warm. Cold-fluid injury to the Lung leads to cough, wheezing, and rebellious Lung Qi. The Classic states: "The Lung desires consolidation; urgently feed it sour substances to consolidate." Therefore, Shaoyao and Wuweizi serve as assistants to restrain rebellious Qi. Fluid retention in the epigastrium impedes the flow of Body Fluids, leading to Kidney dryness. The Classic states: "The Kidney suffers from dryness; urgently feed it pungent substances to moisten it." Therefore, Ganjiang (acrid-hot), Xixin (acrid-warm), and Banxia (slightly warm) are used as envoys to disperse Cold and Water. In this way, Body Fluids circulate freely, sweat is produced, and the disease resolves.
Fluid retention in the epigastrium presents with numerous variable symptoms; thus, methods for modification are established. For thirst, remove Banxia and add Trichosanthis Radix (Gualougen). Water accumulation impedes Body Fluids, causing Qi dryness and thirst. Banxia is drying; removing it facilitates the restoration of Body Fluids. Trichosanthis is moistening; adding it facilitates the generation of Body Fluids. For mild diarrhea, remove Mahuang and add Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua). Water soaking the intestines and stomach causes diarrhea. Diarrhea should not be treated with exterior-releasing methods, as doing so will inevitably cause abdominal fullness; therefore, Mahuang is removed. Sour and bitter flavors can induce vomiting and purging; once water is expelled, diarrhea stops; therefore, Yuanhua is added. The Classic states: "When water meets cold air, the person experiences dysphagia." Stomach Cold is not an exterior syndrome; therefore, Mahuang is removed. Acrid-hot substances can warm the middle; therefore, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi, 附子) is added. For difficulty in urination, the pathology is in the Lower Jiao. Sweet and bland substances penetrate downward; therefore, Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) is added. Exterior-releasing substances tend to move upward; therefore, Mahuang is removed. Wheezing indicates rebellious Qi; the method should be to descend. Mahuang is light and ascending; therefore, it is removed. Apricot Seed (Xingren, 杏仁) is bitter and descending; therefore, it is added.