紫苏 干葛 柴胡 苍术 川芎 枳壳 陈皮 桔梗 半夏 茯苓 甘草
主春夏秋三时。感寒头痛。发热恶寒。脉浮紧无汗。 按紫苏解太阳之邪。干葛解阳明
之邪
力。桔梗甘草。有和调之功。天地之道。阴阳和而云雨作。人身之道。阴阳和而津液通。故
经曰。阳之汗。以天地之雨名之。可谓知类也夫。
紫苏 藿香 大腹皮 白芷 茯苓 苍术 浓朴 陈皮 桔梗 半夏 甘草
主伤寒头痛寒热。霍乱吐泻。山岚瘴气或感湿气。 按风湿为外感。紫苏白芷。辛以散
之。吐
气既散。则正气得申。故名正气散。
半夏 藿香 苍术 浓朴 陈皮 甘草
主时行瘟疫。及山岚瘴气。霍乱吐泻。及出远方。不伏水土等症。 按平胃散。本表里
双解之剂。又加之以藿香温胃气。半夏除痰湿。中州受调和之益。则外来无侵犯之邪。远游者。
诚当宝重。故名不换金。
防风 羌活 独活 防己 黄芩 黄连 苍术 白术 甘草 细辛 知母 川芎 生地
治两感伤寒。脏腑俱病。 按内经及仲景。皆以两感为必死之症。为表里不可并攻。阴
阳难同
。以羌独防风苍术细辛川芎理其表邪。芩连知地白术甘草治其里邪。以此治之屡有生者。
紫苏、干葛、柴胡、苍术、川芎、枳壳、陈皮、桔梗、半夏、茯苓、甘草。
主治春、夏、秋三季感受寒邪所致的头痛，发热恶寒，脉象浮紧且无汗。
按语：紫苏能解除太阳经（足太阳膀胱经）的邪气；干葛能解除阳明经（足阳明胃经）的邪气。
桔梗与甘草配合，具有调和的作用。天地运行的规律是：阴阳和谐则云雨生成；人身运行的规律是：阴阳和谐则津液通畅。所以医经上说：“人体的汗，可以用天地的雨来命名。”这可以说是懂得类比推演了。
紫苏、藿香、大腹皮、白芷、茯苓、苍术、浓朴、陈皮、桔梗、半夏、甘草。
主治伤寒引起的头痛、寒热往来，霍乱导致的呕吐腹泻，以及山岚瘴气或湿气侵袭。
按语：风湿属于外感病邪，紫苏和白芷味辛，能够发散邪气。邪气既已散去，正气得以舒展，因此名为“正气散”。
半夏、藿香、苍术、浓朴、陈皮、甘草。
主治时行瘟疫，以及山岚瘴气，霍乱呕吐腹泻，以及出远门后不适应水土等病症。
按语：平胃散本是表里双解的方剂，又加入藿香以温养胃气，半夏以祛除痰湿。中焦脾胃受到调和的好处，那么外来的邪气就无法侵犯。远行的人，确实应当珍重此方，因此名为“不换金”。
防风、羌活、独活、防己、黄芩、黄连、苍术、白术、甘草、细辛、知母、川芎、生地。
治疗两感伤寒（同时感受表里两经之邪），脏腑都患病。
按语：《内经》及张仲景的著作中，都认为两感伤寒是必死的病症，因为表里不可同时攻伐，阴阳难以同治。此处用羌活、独活、防风、苍术、细辛、川芎来治理表邪，用黄芩、黄连、知母、生地、白术、甘草来治理里邪。用这种方法治疗，屡次有救活的案例。
雄黄、当归、芦荟、麝香、槟榔。
主治狐惑病，表现为轻微烦躁，沉默想睡觉，毒气上攻咽喉，声音嘶哑，兼有下部腐蚀潮湿溃烂，或者大便脓血。
Zi Su (Perilla Leaf), Gan Ge (Pueraria Root), Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Tuber), Fu Ling (Poria), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Indicated for headache, fever with aversion to cold, floating and tight pulse without sweating caused by cold pathogen contraction during spring, summer, and autumn.
Commentary: Zi Su resolves the pathogenic factors of Taiyang disease (diseases of the Taiyang channel); Gan Ge resolves the pathogenic factors of Yangming disease (diseases of the Yangming channel).
The combination of Jie Geng and Gan Cao possesses a harmonizing function. The principle of heaven and earth is that when yin and yang are in harmony, clouds and rain arise; the principle of the human body is that when yin and yang are in harmony, body fluids flow freely. Therefore, the classics state: "The sweat of the human body may be named after the rain of heaven and earth." This can be considered as understanding analogy.
Zi Su (Perilla Leaf), Huo Xiang (Patchouli Herb), Da Fu Pi (Areca Peel), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Fu Ling (Poria), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Tuber), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Indicated for headache and alternating chills and fever due to Shanghan (Cold Damage Syndrome), vomiting and diarrhea due to Huoluan (Cholera-like syndrome), and invasion by mountain miasma or dampness.
Commentary: Wind-dampness belongs to external contracted pathogens. Zi Su and Bai Zhi are acrid in flavor and can disperse the pathogens. Once the pathogenic qi is dispersed, the healthy qi can expand and flourish; hence it is named Zhengqi San (Righteous Qi Powder).
Ban Xia (Pinelliae Tuber), Huo Xiang (Patchouli Herb), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Indicated for epidemic diseases of the time, mountain miasma, Huoluan (Cholera-like syndrome) with vomiting and diarrhea, and symptoms such as inability to adapt to local conditions when traveling far.
Commentary: Pingwei San (Stomach-Pacifying Powder) is originally a formula that releases both exterior and interior pathogens simultaneously. By adding Huo Xiang to warm the stomach qi, and Ban Xia to eliminate phlegm and dampness, the central jiao (middle burner) benefits from harmonization, thereby preventing external pathogens from invading. Travelers should indeed treasure this formula; hence it is named Huan Bu Jin (Unchanging Gold).
Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Fang Ji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix).
Treats Lianggan Shanghan (Simultaneous contraction of exterior and interior cold damage), where both the zang and fu organs are diseased.
Commentary: Both the Neijing (Classic of Internal Medicine) and the works of Zhang Zhongjing consider Lianggan (simultaneous exterior-interior contraction) as a fatal condition, because the exterior and interior cannot be attacked simultaneously, and yin and yang are difficult to treat together. Here, Qiang Huo, Du Huo, Fang Feng, Cang Zhu, Xi Xin, and Chuan Xiong are used to manage the exterior pathogenic factors, while Huang Qin, Huang Lian, Zhi Mu, Sheng Di, Bai Zhu, and Gan Cao are used to treat the interior pathogenic factors. Using this method for treatment has frequently resulted in survival.
Xiong Huang (Realgar), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Lu Hui (Aloe), She Xiang (Moschus), Bing Lang (Areca Seed).
Indicated for Huhuo disease (a condition characterized by ulceration of the mouth and genitalia), presenting with slight irritability, silence and desire to lie down, toxic heat attacking upward causing throat obstruction and hoarseness, accompanied by lower erosion with dampness and foul discharge, or pus and blood in the stool.