虚烦者。因虚而烦躁发热也。但不恶寒。头身不痛。与伤寒异耳。虽有热。不可攻热。
热去则寒起。诚格言也。如劳役虚烦。身热头痛。气口脉虚大者。即劳倦内伤症也。
补中益气汤主之。盖以甘温之品。补其中气。升其阳气。其热自止。或少加黄柏。以
滋肾阴。其效如神。如劳役虚烦。身热骨疼。腿膝 软无力。或兼自汗舌润不渴
者。当以归 建中汤。加川断、杜仲主之。
若伤寒。烦躁发热。舌燥口渴。妄言日常之事。俗名劳倦。实非也。乃心包络之火。宜
清之。温胆汤。加川连、钩藤、淡竹叶。兼痰者。加天竺黄、川贝母、如心气虚而躁烦。
不宁不寐者。左寸脉必虚小。当以茯神、远志、枣仁、丹参之类以补心气。甚者。加辰
砂、金箔之类。以镇心神。虚甚。加人参。（新法）
肺风寒痰 如见憎寒发热。鼻塞头痛。胸满气急。或咳或喘。右寸浮滑。或沉伏者。
此风痰在肺也。如舌白而润。口不渴者。痰由寒邪生也。宜二陈汤加桑杏、前胡、羌
活、苏薄之类微散之。喘加焦麻黄、葶苈子以泻肺。如舌苔白燥。口渴者。肺家津
液少也。宜泻白散。加前胡、杏仁、橘红、茯苓、象贝、川斛、薄荷、枯芩之类。
肺风热痰 如微寒发热。胸闷气逆。咳嗽兼喘。舌苔黄燥。或白刺。口渴脉数者。此
风热客肺生痰也。宜羚羊角、前胡、桑杏、蒌霜、贝母、枯芩、橘红、薄荷、旋复花、淡竹叶
之类。以去风热。痰自平矣。如痰闭气逆。加竹沥、姜汁润之。
包络热痰 如伤寒神昏谵语。目睛微定。或舌蹇语涩。舌苔尖赤。中白而燥者。此
热痰乘于包络也。宜犀角尖、川郁金、石菖蒲、天竺黄、川贝母、钩藤钩、淡竹叶、栝蒌
霜之类主之。如舌绛神呆。痰潮语蹇者。内闭也。加西黄。
痰挟痧疹 凡时感伤寒。初起即胸中烦闷。气急痰喘。先用豁痰利气药。痰已行
而喘减。但烦闷身热不除。反加耳聋足冷者。此必痰挟痧疹也。急宜透之提之。如
羚羊角、连翘、牛蒡、防风、干葛、薄荷、枳壳、桔梗、蝉蜕之类。
痧疹挟痰 凡时感初起。烦闷呕恶。手足指冷。寸口脉滞。先用解表透疹之药。疹
痧虽透。而病势不减。满闷喘急仍在者。此必痧疹兼挟伏痰也。当豁痰以透疹。前
胡、杏仁、象贝、栝蒌、橘红、海石、羚羊、牛蒡、薄荷、桔梗、竹沥、姜汁之类主之。痰行结解。
痧疹外达。而诸症自平。
络中湿痰 如发热脘闷。胸胁肩背皆痛。此湿痰窃踞肺胃之络。痰气交阻。故痛。
宜六安煎去甘草。加桂枝、钩丁、蒺藜、栝蒌皮、片姜黄、白僵蚕、木香汁之类。通之行之。
痰入肝络 伤寒有解表之后。肢体不能转动者。此痰入于肝络也。当以金星礞
石、半夏、栝蒌、茯苓、陈皮、天虫、全蝎、姜汁炒蒺藜、川桂枝、旋复花之类。以搜入络之
痰。肢自遂矣。如未应。即以养血药兼之。
解后伏痰 伤寒解表之后。热势稍退。但觉目钝神呆。身重或痛。胸满不畅者。此
胃中有伏痰也。右关脉必沉伏。或沉滑。宜二陈汤加枳实、栝蒌、姜汁、竹茹之类。豁之行之。
中宫湿痰 如伤寒胸闷。寒热模糊。恶心不渴者。中宫有湿痰也。二陈汤加枳实、
浓朴、紫苏、茅术之类和之。
积痰 如发热胸闷。咳嗽气急。痰多浓浓者。中宫积痰也。宜燥润并用。如南星、半
夏、栝蒌、海石、枳实、陈皮、茯苓之类。或导痰汤亦可。
解后余痰 凡伤寒汗解后。 疹已透后。尚觉余热未除。目睛微定者。痰也。眼下
黑色者。亦痰也。其证必中脘痞闷。少纳不饥。宜二陈汤加枳实、麦芽和之。
虚烦，是指因正气虚弱而出现的烦躁、发热症状。其特点是不怕冷，头身不疼痛，这与伤寒不同。虽然体内有热，但不可使用攻下法清热。因为一旦热邪去除，寒邪便会随之而起，这是一句至理名言。如果是因过度劳累导致的虚烦，表现为身体发热、头痛，且气口脉象虚大，这就是劳倦内伤的病症。应当用补中益气汤主治。这是因为利用甘温性质的药物，来补益中气，升发阳气，体内的热自然就会停止。或者可以少量加入黄柏，以滋补肾阴，疗效神奇。如果是因劳累导致的虚烦，伴有身体发热、骨节疼痛，腿膝酸软无力，或者兼有自汗、舌面湿润且不口渴的情况，应当用当归建中汤，加入川断、杜仲来主治。
如果是伤寒病，出现烦躁发热，舌燥口渴，胡言乱语（说日常琐事），俗称为“劳倦”，其实并非如此。这是心包络之火旺盛所致，应当予以清解。可用温胆汤，加入黄连、钩藤、淡竹叶。如果兼有痰湿，再加入天竺黄、川贝母。如果是心气虚弱而导致的躁动烦闷，心神不宁、无法入睡的，左寸脉必然虚小。应当用茯神、远志、枣仁、丹参等药物来补益心气。病情严重的，加入辰砂、金箔等药物，以镇安心神。如果虚损非常严重，再加入人参。（新法）
肺风寒痰：如果出现憎恶寒冷、发热，鼻塞头痛，胸部胀满、气急，或者咳嗽或气喘，右寸脉浮滑，或者沉伏的，这是风痰在肺。如果舌苔白而湿润，口不渴的，说明痰是由寒邪产生的。适宜用二陈汤，加入桑叶、杏仁、前胡、羌活、苏梗、薄荷等药物轻微发散。如果气喘，加入炒麻黄、葶苈子以泻肺气。如果舌苔白而干燥，口渴的，说明肺家津液不足。适宜用泻白散，加入前胡、杏仁、橘红、茯苓、象贝母、川石斛、薄荷、枯芩等药物。
肺风热痰：如果出现微恶寒、发热，胸闷气逆，咳嗽兼有气喘，舌苔黄燥，或者生白刺，口渴，脉数快的，这是风热客居肺部产生痰湿。适宜用羚羊角、前胡、桑叶、杏仁、瓜蒌霜、贝母、枯芩、橘红、薄荷、旋复花、淡竹叶等药物，以祛除风热，痰湿自然平息。如果痰闭阻导致气逆，加入竹沥、姜汁以润之。
包络热痰：如果是伤寒导致的神志昏迷、胡言乱语，眼睛目光微定，或者舌体僵硬、言语涩滞，舌苔舌尖赤红，中部白而干燥的，这是热痰乘袭心包络。适宜用水牛角尖、川郁金、石菖蒲、天竺黄、川贝母、钩藤、淡竹叶、瓜蒌霜等药物主治。如果舌质深红、神志呆滞，痰涌导致言语蹇涩的，属于内闭证。加入西黄（牛黄）。
痰挟痧疹：凡是感受时行邪气或伤寒，初起即感到胸中烦闷，气急痰喘，先用豁痰利气的药物。痰湿已行，气喘减轻，但烦闷和身体发热仍未消除，反而出现耳聋、足冷的，这必定是痰湿夹杂痧疹。急需透发提引。适宜用羚羊角、连翘、牛蒡子、防风、干葛根、薄荷、枳壳、桔梗、蝉蜕等药物。
痧疹挟痰：凡是时行邪气初起，烦闷呕恶，手足指端发冷，寸口脉滞涩的，先用解表透疹的药物。虽然痧疹透出，但病势不减，胸中满闷、气喘急促仍在的，这必定是痧疹兼夹伏留的痰湿。应当豁痰以透发疹毒。适宜用前胡、杏仁、象贝母、瓜蒌、橘红、海浮石、羚羊角、牛蒡子、薄荷、桔梗、竹沥、姜汁等药物主治。痰湿运行，结滞解除，痧疹外达，各种症状自然平息。
络中湿痰：如果出现发热、胃脘部闷胀，胸胁肩背都疼痛的，这是湿痰占据肺胃的络脉，痰气相互交阻，所以疼痛。适宜用六安煎去掉甘草，加入桂枝、钩藤、蒺藜、瓜蒌皮、片姜黄、白僵蚕、木香汁等药物，以通利行之。
痰入肝络：伤寒经过解表治疗后，肢体不能转动的，这是痰湿进入肝络。应当用金星礞石、半夏、瓜蒌、茯苓、陈皮、天南星、全蝎、姜汁炒蒺藜、川桂枝、旋复花等药物，以搜剔进入络脉的痰湿，肢体自然就能活动了。如果无效，再配合养血药物一起使用。
解后伏痰：伤寒解表之后，热势稍微减退，但只觉得眼神迟钝、神志呆滞，身体沉重或疼痛，胸部胀满不畅的，这是胃中有伏留的痰湿。右关脉必然沉伏，或者沉滑。适宜用二陈汤，加入枳实、瓜蒌、姜汁、竹茹等药物，以豁除行之。
中宫湿痰：如果是伤寒导致胸闷，寒热感觉模糊不清，恶心但不口渴的，这是中宫（脾胃）有湿痰。用二陈汤，加入枳实、厚朴、紫苏、苍术等药物调和之。
积痰：如果出现发热、胸闷，咳嗽气急，痰多浓稠的，这是中宫积痰。适宜燥湿与润燥并用。如用天南星、半夏、瓜蒌、海浮石、枳实、陈皮、茯苓等药物。或者导痰汤也可以。
解后余痰：凡是伤寒通过发汗解除后，或者痧疹已经透出后，仍然觉得余热未除，眼神微定的，是痰湿所致。眼下发黑的，也是痰湿所致。这种病症必然伴有中脘痞闷，食欲减少不想进食。适宜用二陈汤，加入枳实、麦芽调和之。
Xu Fan (Deficiency-Induced Restlessness): Xu Fan refers to restlessness and fever caused by deficiency of healthy Qi. Its characteristics are aversion to cold being absent, and no pain in the head or body, which differs from Shanghan (Cold Damage). Although there is heat within, purgative methods should not be used to clear the heat. For if the heat is removed, cold will arise; this is a golden rule. If it is deficiency-induced restlessness due to overwork, manifesting as body heat, headache, and a deficient and large pulse at the Qikou (Radial artery), this is a syndrome of internal injury due to fatigue. It should be treated primarily with Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). This is because sweet-warm substances are used to tonify middle Qi and raise Yang Qi, whereupon the heat will naturally cease. Alternatively, a small amount of Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) may be added to nourish Kidney Yin, yielding miraculous efficacy. If deficiency-induced restlessness due to overwork presents with body heat, bone pain, weakness and softness in the legs and knees, or accompanied by spontaneous sweating, a moist tongue without thirst, Danggui Jianzhong Tang (Angelica Decoction for Building the Middle) combined with Chuan Duan (Dipsaci Radix) and Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex) should be used.
If it is Shanghan presenting with restlessness, fever, dry tongue with thirst, and delirious speech regarding daily matters—colloquially called "fatigue" but actually incorrect—it is due to Fire in the Pericardium Collateral. It should be cleared using Wendan Tang (Warm the Gallbladder Decoction) added with Chuan Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Gouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis), and Dan Zhuyez (Lophatheri Herba). If phlegm is also present, add Tianzhuhuang (Calami Tintinnabuli Spira) and Chuan Beimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus). If Heart Qi is deficient leading to agitation and restlessness, with mental unrest and insomnia, the Zucun (Left Cun position on the radial artery) pulse must be deficient and small. One should use Fushen (Poria with Hostwood), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), Zaoren (Ziziphi Spinosomi Semen), Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), etc., to tonify Heart Qi. In severe cases, add Chen Sha (Cinnabar) and Jinbo (Gold Leaf) to calm and anchor the Spirit. If deficiency is extreme, add Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). (New Method)
Lung Cold-Damp Phlegm: If one experiences aversion to cold and fever, nasal congestion and headache, chest fullness and rapid breathing, or cough and asthma, with a floating-slippery or deep-hidden pulse at the Youcun (Right Cun position), this indicates Wind-Phlegm in the Lung. If the tongue coating is white and moist, and there is no thirst, the phlegm is generated by Cold Evil. Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) added with Sangye (Mori Folium), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Sugen (Perillae Caulis), and Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) should be used for mild dispersion. If asthma is present, add Jiao Mahuang (Processed Ephedrae Herba) and Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen) to drain Lung Qi. If the tongue coating is white and dry, and there is thirst, it indicates insufficient fluids in the Lung. Xiexie San (Drain the Lung Powder) added with Qianhu, Xingren, Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum), Fuling (Poria), Xiangbeimu (Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus), Chuan Shihu (Dendrobii Nobile Caulis), Bohe, and Kuqin (Scutellariae Radix) should be used.
Lung Wind-Heat Phlegm: If there is slight aversion to cold and fever, chest fullness and rebellious Qi, cough with asthma, yellow-dry tongue coating or white prickles, thirst, and a rapid pulse, this indicates Wind-Heat lodging in the Lung generating phlegm. Lingyangjiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu), Qianhu, Sangye, Xingren, Lou Shuang (Trichosanthis Fructus Pulvis), Beimu, Kuqin, Juhong, Bohe, Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos), and Dan Zhuyez should be used to dispel Wind-Heat, upon which the phlegm will settle naturally. If phlegm obstruction causes rebellious Qi, add Zhuli (Bambusa Textilis Catillus) and Jiangzhi (Zingiberis Recensis Juice) to moisten.
Pericardium Heat-Phlegm: If Shanghan leads to coma and delirium, fixed gaze, or stiff tongue with slurred speech, with a red tip and dry white center on the tongue coating, this indicates Heat-Phlegm assaulting the Pericardium. Shui Niujiaojian (Water Buffalo Horn Tip), Chuan Yujin (Curcumae Radix), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Tianzhuhuang, Chuan Beimu, Goutenggou (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis), Dan Zhuyez, and Lou Shuang should be used. If the tongue is crimson with dull spirit, and phlegm tide causes slurred speech, indicating internal closure, add Xi Huang (Bovis Calculus).
Phlegm Accompanying Rash: Whenever seasonal pathogens or Shanghan begin with chest oppression, rapid breathing, and phlegm asthma, first use phlegm-resolving and Qi-regulating herbs. Once phlegm moves and asthma decreases, but restlessness and fever persist, accompanied by deafness and cold feet, this must be Phlegm accompanying Rash. Urgent dispersal and lifting are required. Lingyangjiao, Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Gange (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Bohe, Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), and Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum) should be used.
Rash Accompanying Phlegm: When seasonal pathogens begin with restlessness, nausea, vomiting, cold fingertips, and sluggish pulse at the Cunkou, first use exterior-releasing and rash-expelling herbs. Even if the rash emerges, if the disease severity does not decrease and chest fullness with rapid breathing persists, this must be Rash accompanied by latent Phlegm. Phlegm must be resolved to expel the rash. Qianhu, Xingren, Xiangbeimu, Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus), Juhong, Haishi (Calcitum), Lingyangjiao, Niubangzi, Bohe, Jiegeng, Zhuli, and Jiangzhi should be used. Once phlegm moves and stagnation resolves, and the rash reaches the exterior, all symptoms will naturally subside.
Damp-Phlegm in Collaterals: If fever and epigastric oppression occur, with pain in the chest, hypochondrium, shoulders, and back, this indicates Damp-Phlegma occupying the collaterals of the Lung and Stomach, where Phlegm and Qi obstruct each other, causing pain. Liu'an Jian (Six-Safe Decoction) with Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) removed, added with Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Gouding (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis), Jili (Tribuli Fructus), Gualoupi (Trichosanthis Pericarpium), Pian Jianghuang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma), Baijiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus), and Muxiangzhi (Aucklandiae汁) should be used to unblock and promote circulation.
Phlegm Entering Liver Collaterals: After Shanghan is released via exterior methods, if the limbs cannot move, this indicates Phlegm entering the Liver collaterals. Jinxing Mengshi (Pyritum), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Gualou, Fuling, Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Tianchong (Arisaematis Cum Bile), Quanxie (Scorpio), Jiangzhi-fried Jili, Chuan Guizhi, and Xuanfuhua should be used to search out Phlegm in the collaterals, allowing limb movement to resume. If ineffective, combine with blood-nourishing herbs.
Latent Phlegm After Resolution: After Shanghan is released via exterior methods, if heat subsides slightly but one feels dull-eyed and dull-spirited, heavy or painful body, and chest fullness with discomfort, this indicates latent Phlegm in the Stomach. The Youguan (Right Guan position) pulse must be deep-hidden or deep-slippery. Erchen Tang added with Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Gualou, Jiangzhi, and Zhuru (Bambusa Textilis Catillus processed with Ginger) should be used to resolve and promote.
Middle Palace Damp-Phlegm: If Shanghan causes chest fullness, vague sensations of cold and heat, nausea without thirst, this indicates Damp-Phlegm in the Middle Palace (Spleen/Stomach). Erchen Tang added with Zhishi, Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Zisu (Perillae Folium), and Maoyu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) should be used to harmonize.
Accumulated Phlegm: If fever, chest fullness, cough, rapid breathing, and thick profuse sputum occur, this is Accumulated Phlegm in the Middle Palace. Dryness-resolving and moistening should be used together. Nanxing (Arisaematis Cum Bile), Banxia, Gualou, Haishi, Zhishi, Chenpi, Fuling, etc., can be used. Daotan Tang (Great Phlegm Decoction) is also acceptable.
Residual Phlegm After Resolution: After Shanghan is resolved via sweating, or after Rash has emerged, if residual heat remains, eyes are slightly fixed, or dark circles under the eyes appear, this is Phlegm. These conditions must present with epigastric oppression, poor appetite, and lack of hunger. Erchen Tang added with Zhishi and Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus) should be used to harmonize.