葛根（四两） 麻黄（三两） 黄芩 芍药 甘草（各二两） 大枣（十二枚）
上六味。 咀。以水一斗。煮取三升。饮一升。日三服。三四日不解。脉浮者。宜重服。发汗脉沉实者。以 豉丸
下之。
琥按上主治云。伤寒温病。可见温病。亦伤寒之类。且也。温病为热伤寒。亦非寒也。其证当壮热不解。而无汗
方可投此汤。为辛甘发散之剂。汤中用黄芩者。以苦寒泄其热也。用芍药者。以酸寒敛其阴也。温热病为阳气过旺。阴
气已微。不用芍药黄芩。势必至热甚。烦冤。而重阳将狂矣。大抵此方。专主肺胃二经大热药也。若胃府实者。宜去甘
草大枣。故上方后云。发汗脉沉实者。宜以 豉丸下之。脉沉实者。邪传里而胃家实也。又按上方即仲景葛根汤方。去
姜桂而加黄芩也。以姜桂性辛热。惟冬月正伤寒宜用。故去之。黄芩性苦寒。大能除四时温热。故加之。
又治时气。三四日不解。有解肌升麻汤。
升麻 芍药 石膏 麻黄 甘草（各一两） 杏仁（三十枚） 贝齿（三枚。一作贝母十八铢）
上七味。 咀。以水三升。煮取一升。尽服。温覆发汗。便愈。
琥按上主治云。时气三四日不解。此即仲景所云。时行之气。四时伤寒者是也。上方又即仲景大青龙汤。去桂枝
姜枣。加升麻芍药贝齿三味药。此必是太阳阳明合病。欲汗出不得。反加烦躁。故用上方以主之。又按贝齿。乃海中贝
子。气味咸寒本草云。解肌。散结热千金用之。良有以夫。
又治伤寒三四日不瘥。身体烦毒而热。有葛根龙胆汤。
葛根（四两） 麻黄（三两） 黄芩 芍药 甘草（各二两） 大枣（十二枚）
以上六味药。切碎。用水一斗。煎煮至三升。每次服用一升。每日三次。如果三四天后病证未解，且脉象浮的，适宜再次服药。如果发汗后脉象沉实的，用豉丸来攻下。
琥按：上述主治中提到“伤寒温病”，可见温病也属于伤寒的一类。况且，温病是热性伤寒，也并非寒邪所致。其症状应当是壮热不退，且无汗，方可投用此汤。此为辛甘发散之剂。方中使用黄芩，是为了用苦寒之性清泄热邪；使用芍药，是为了用酸寒之性收敛阴液。温热病的病机是阳气过旺，阴气已微弱，若不用芍药和黄芩，势必导致热势更盛，心烦冤屈，甚至因重阳而发狂。大抵而言，此方专门针对肺、胃二经的大热证。如果胃腑实证者，适宜去掉甘草和大枣，所以上方后注说：“发汗后脉沉实者，宜以豉丸攻下。”脉象沉实，说明邪气传入里部，胃家实。又按：上述方剂即张仲景的葛根汤方，去掉了生姜、桂枝而加入了黄芩。因为生姜、桂枝性味辛热，只有冬季正感伤寒时才适宜使用，所以去掉它们。黄芩性味苦寒，大能清除四季的温热病邪，所以加入它。
另外治疗时行气病，如果三四天未解，有解肌升麻汤。
升麻 芍药 石膏 麻黄 甘草（各一两） 杏仁（三十枚） 贝齿（三枚。另一种说法是贝母十八铢）
以上七味药。切碎。用水三升，煎煮至一升。全部服下。盖被保暖以发汗，汗出即愈。
琥按：上述主治中提到“时气三四日不解”，这就是张仲景所说的“时行之气”，即四季发生的伤寒病。上述方剂又是张仲景的大青龙汤，去掉了桂枝、生姜、大枣，加入了升麻、芍药、贝齿三味药。这必定是太阳经和阳明经合病，想要出汗却出不来，反而加上烦躁，所以用上述方剂来主治。又按：贝齿，是海中的贝壳，气味咸寒。本草记载它能解肌、散结热。《千金方》使用它，确实是有道理的。
另外治疗伤寒三四天未愈，身体烦扰毒热，有葛根龙胆汤。
Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae, four liang) Ma Huang (Herba Ephedrae, three liang) Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae) Shao Yao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra or Radix Paeoniae Alba) Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, two liang each) Da Zao (Fructus Jujubae, twelve pieces)
The above six ingredients. Coarsely crush. Decoct with ten dou of water to obtain three sheng. Take one sheng per dose, three times a day. If the condition does not resolve after three to four days and the pulse is floating (Mai Fu), it is appropriate to take another dose. If the pulse becomes deep and solid (Mai Chen Shi) after sweating, use Chi Wan (Vigna Seed Pill) to purge downwards.
Hu notes: The aforementioned indications mention "Shang Han (Cold Damage) and Wen Bing (Warm Disease)," indicating that Wen Bing also belongs to the category of Shang Han. Moreover, Wen Bing is heat-type Shang Han and is not caused by cold pathogenic factors. Its symptoms should include high fever that does not resolve and absence of sweating; only in such cases should this decoction be administered. This is a formula for dispersing via acrid-sweet methods. Huang Qin is used in the decoction to clear heat using its bitter-cold nature; Shao Yao is used to yin-nourish and astringe using its sour-cold nature. In warm-heat diseases, yang qi is excessively hyperactive while yin qi is already deficient. Without Shao Yao and Huang Qin, the heat will inevitably become severe, causing mental restlessness and oppression, and potentially leading to mania due to excessive yang. Generally speaking, this formula specifically targets severe heat in the Lung and Stomach meridians. If there is excess syndrome in the Stomach fu organ, it is appropriate to remove Gan Cao and Da Zao. Hence, the post-prescription note states: "If the pulse becomes deep and solid after sweating, it is appropriate to purge using Chi Wan." A deep and solid pulse indicates that the pathogen has transmitted inward, resulting in Stomach excess. Furthermore, the aforementioned formula is essentially Zhang Zhongjing's Ge Gen Tang (Kudzu Decoction), from which Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) and Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi) are removed and Huang Qin is added. This is because Sheng Jiang and Gui Zhi have acrid-warm properties and are suitable only for standard Shang Han contracted in winter; thus, they are removed. Huang Qin has a bitter-cold property and effectively clears warm-heat pathogens throughout the four seasons; thus, it is added.
Additionally, for treating epidemic qi (Shi Qi), if the condition does not resolve after three to four days, there is Jie Ji Sheng Ma Tang (Rheum and Cimicifuga Decoction for Resolving the Muscle Layer).
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) Shao Yao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra or Radix Paeoniae Alba) Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) Ma Huang (Herba Ephedrae) Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, one liang each) Xing Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum, thirty seeds) Bei Chi (Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae, three pieces. Another version says Bei Mu [Fritillariae Bulbus] eighteen zhu)
The above seven ingredients. Coarsely crush. Decoct with three sheng of water to obtain one sheng. Take the entire amount at once. Cover with blankets to induce sweating; recovery follows.
Hu notes: The aforementioned indications mention "epidemic qi not resolving after three to four days," which refers to what Zhang Zhongjing called "Shi Xing Zhi Qi (Epidemic Qi)," i.e., Shang Han occurring in all four seasons. The aforementioned formula is essentially Zhang Zhongjing's Da Qing Long Tang (Major Green Dragon Decoction), from which Gui Zhi, Sheng Jiang, and Da Zao are removed, and Sheng Ma, Shao Yao, and Bei Chi are added. This must be a combined disease of the Tai Yang (Greater Yang) and Yang Ming (Yang Brightness) meridians, where sweating is desired but cannot occur, accompanied by irritability; hence, the aforementioned formula is used to treat it. Furthermore, Bei Chi refers to marine shells, with a salty-cold flavor. Materia Medica records that it resolves the muscle layer and dissipates nodulated heat. The use of Bei Chi in Qian Jin Fang (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) is indeed well-founded.
Additionally, for treating Shang Han that has not healed after three to four days, characterized by bodily restlessness, toxicity, and heat, there is Ge Gen Long Dan Tang (Kudzu and Gentian Decoction).