(Abdominal fullness, abdominal pain, and jaundice, along with the three categories of vomiting and diarrhea, are appended to the Shaoyin disease chapter. This is because these conditions originally belong to Taiyin disease, but since they appear more frequently in Shaoyin disease, they are appended following the majority.)

Jaundice: The typical symptoms of Taiyin disease include abdominal fullness and vomiting, inability to eat or drink, worsening spontaneous diarrhea, and occasional spontaneous abdominal pain; Lizhong Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Dried Ginger Decoction) is appropriate. In Yin channel diseases, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is rarely used alone. For such conditions, if the pulse is floating, Guizhi Tang should be used to induce slight sweating. If chills are severe and persistent, only Lizhong Tang or Sini Tang (Fried Aconite Root Decoction) will suffice. All three Yin channels present with chills, but those who prefer thick clothing have chills. If the aforementioned conditions are mistakenly treated with purgatives, it will inevitably lead to hardness and binding below the chest; Xixin Tang (Heart-Draining Decoction) would then be appropriate. Although Xixin Tang is used due to mistaken purgation, it is not caused by heat pathogens transmitted via channels. While all three Yin channels can have transmitted heat pathogens and thus present with heat syndromes, this differs from the aforementioned Yin syndromes and requires careful investigation. Treatment methods for the Taiyin channel include: Sweating method (Guizhi Tang, Guizhi Jia Shaoyao Tang [Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Peony Root]; Purging method (Guizhi Jia Dahuang Tang [Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Rhubarb]); Warming method (Sini Tang, Lizhong Tang); Harmonizing method (Zhizi Bopi Tang [Gardenia and Phellodendron Bark Decoction], Yinchin Wuling San [Artemisia Capillaris and Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria]).

The Classics state: "When both Cun and Chi pulses are deep and fine, the Taiyin channel is affected." Because the Taiyin channel spreads through the stomach and connects to the throat, abdominal fullness and dry throat occur. Upon reviewing the Taiyin chapter, the symptom of dry throat is missing. The symptoms of Taiyin disease are abdominal fullness and vomiting, inability to eat or drink, worsening spontaneous diarrhea, and occasional spontaneous abdominal pain; if mistakenly purged, it leads to hardness and binding below the chest. (Cheng Wuji notes: Taiyin disease involves Yang pathogens transmitting into the interior. The Taiyin channel spreads through the stomach; pathogenic qi stagnates causing abdominal fullness. Unable to descend upward, it causes vomiting and inability to eat; unable to ascend downward, it causes worsening spontaneous diarrhea. Occasional spontaneous abdominal pain: if caused by internal Yin-cold, the pain is constant; this is Yang pathogens interfering with the interior, so although there is pain, it is not constant, occurring only occasionally. Mistaken purgation leaves Yin pathogens lingering below the chest, forming hardness and binding. The Classic states: Diseases originating from Yin, when mistakenly purged, result in Pi [glomus] syndrome.) Spontaneous diarrhea without thirst belongs to Taiyin disease; a floating and moderate pulse with naturally warm hands and feet indicates Taiyin disease; post-purgation abdominal fullness with occasional pain belongs to Taiyin disease; Taiyin disease with a floating pulse can be treated with sweating, using Guizhi Tang. (In Taiyang disease, a floating pulse with no sweat indicates Ma Huang Tang [Ephedra Decoction]; here the floating pulse also implies no sweat, but it is not stated because Yin diseases should not have sweat, so it need not be mentioned. Guizhi Tang is used instead of Ma Huang Tang because Yin diseases should not further disperse Yang Qi. Note that Guizhi Tang is also used for cases without sweat.) Original Taiyang disease, mistakenly purged by the physician, leading to abdominal fullness and occasional pain, belongs to Taiyin disease; Guizhi Jia Shaoyao Tang is the main formula. For severe excessive pain, Guizhi Jia Dahuang Tang is the main formula. (Pathogens entering the interior cause abdominal pain. Pain from Qi transmitting to the interior is not constant and should be harmonized with acrid-warm mild agents. Pain from internal Yin-cold is ceaseless and indicates impending diarrhea, requiring hot agents to warm. Pain from dry stool or retained food involves constipation, abdominal fullness, and pain, requiring purgation. The Classic states: Various pains are mostly excess syndromes; pain decreases with bowel movement. These are all interior syndromes, but treatments differ.)

Guizhi Jia Shaoyao Tang Formula: Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) (each 3 liang half), Zhigancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) (2 liang), Shaoyao (Peony Root) (6 liang), Dazao (Jujube) (12 pieces, split). The above five ingredients are boiled in 7 sheng of water to obtain 3 sheng. Strain and take warm in three doses.

Guizhi Jia Dahuang Tang Formula: Guizhi (1 liang), Shaoyao (1 liang half), Zhigancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) (half liang), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root and Rhizome) (half liang; add 1 liang if stool is solid and painful; use original dosage for deficiency). Chop the herbs, add 3 jujubes and 4 slices of fresh ginger, decoct in water, and take warm.

Zhang Yuansu said: Some ask why Sini Tang etc. are appropriately used for Taiyin disease, yet Guizhi and Dahuang are also reused? Dahuang is extremely cold; why is it used in Yin channels? Moreover, Guizhi and Dahuang mix cold and hot properties; what is the rationale? I reply: Spontaneous diarrhea with thirst belongs to Shaoyin disease, indicating cold in the Lower Jiao; spontaneous diarrhea without thirst belongs to Taiyin disease, indicating cold in the Middle Jiao. Using Sini Tang etc. to warm the Zang organs is the appropriate medication for this primary channel. If Taiyang disease is mistakenly purged, leaving exterior pathogens unresolved, which enter the Taiyin channel due to deficiency, causing abdominal fullness and occasional pain, Guizhi Jia Shaoyao Tang is used. For severe excessive pain, Guizhi Jia Dahuang Tang is used to eliminate exterior and interior pathogens. Although the latter two sections involve purgation followed by diarrhea, the presence of fullness and pain syndromes makes Shaoyao and Dahuang suitable. If the pulse is floating and weak, and the person continues to have loose stools, even if Dahuang and Shaoyao should theoretically be used, their dosage should be reduced because the person's Stomach Qi is weak and prone to diarrhea.

Zhao Sixian's *Huoren Shu* Question 4 states: "Abdominal fullness with occasional pain belongs to Taiyin," and also says "Abdominal pain uses Guizhi Jia Shaoyao Tang; severe pain uses Guizhi Jia Dahuang Tang." I carefully examine that Taiyin abdominal fullness has three types, distinguished by sequence: transmitted pathogens, direct entry into the primary channel, and pathogens sinking inward after purgation. Abdominal fullness with dry throat: is this not a transmitted Yang pathogen? The treatment should be purgation. Abdominal fullness with vomiting, inability to eat, worsening spontaneous diarrhea, occasional pain, and potential chest binding if purged: is this not a direct Yin pathogen entering the primary channel? The treatment should be warming. Taiyang disease mistakenly purged, leading to abdominal fullness and occasional pain: this is a pathogen sinking inward due to mistaken purgation; the treatment should be Guizhi Jia Shaoyao Tang. For severe excessive pain, Guizhi Jia Dahuang Tang. However, this question does not mention Guizhi Jia Shaoyao Tang and Guizhi Jia Dahuang Tang as treatments for post-purgation conditions, nor does it specify severe excessive pain, only "severe pain." If one encounters a direct Yin pathogen entering the primary channel, presenting with abdominal fullness, occasional pain, and deep-fine pulse, and applies Guizhi Jia Shaoyao/Dahuang purgation based on this, would it not lead to regret over chest binding? The so-called "severe excessive pain" refers to pathogenic excess and dryness binding in the Stomach causing severe pain, which is entirely different from Excess Syndromes. Thus, abdominal fullness caused by primary channel Yin pathogens should use Lizhong Tang, Qingpi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), and Chenpi (Aurantii Pericarpium); abdominal fullness with dry throat from transmitted pathogens belongs to Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) syndrome; abdominal fullness and pain after purgation see the formula above.

Taiyin disease with a weak pulse, where the person continues to have loose stools, if Dahuang and Shaoyao should theoretically be used, their dosage should be reduced because the person's Stomach Qi is weak and prone to diarrhea. Taiyin Wind Strike presents with vexing pain in the four limbs; a pulse that is Yang-micro, Yin-choppy yet long indicates impending recovery. (*Neijing* states: The four limbs receive Qi from the Stomach but cannot reach the channels directly; they rely on the Spleen. If the Spleen is diseased and cannot transport fluids for the Stomach, the four limbs do not receive Grain Qi, becoming increasingly deficient, the pulse channels become obstructed, and tendons, vessels, muscles, and flesh lack Qi to generate, hence... The Spleen corresponds to the four seasons in terms of timing and to the hands and feet in the human body; thus, Taiyin disease manifests in the four limbs.) Taiyang disease resolves from Hai hour to Chou hour (The Spleen is Yin Earth, prosperous during Hai, Zi, and Chou hours; facing Yang, hence the resolution time).

Hua Shuo said: Ancients believed that on the fourth day, Taiyin syndrome located in the chest and diaphragm could be cured by emesis. Why? I reply: Incorrect. Taiyin syndrome with a large pulse, chest fullness, and much phlegm can be treated by emesis; a large pulse without emesis indications can be treated by sweating. Generally, exterior conditions are treated by sweating, interior by purging, upper by emesis, lower by draining. Gualou Zhichi Tang (Trichosanthes Fruit, Gardenia, and Soybean Seed Decoction) is applied according to the syndrome, not rigidly by day count.

Zhao Sixian's *Huoren Shu* Question 56: Are there feverish conditions in Yin syndromes? Taiyin and Jueyin do not have fever; only Shaoyin has fever. I carefully examine Zhang Zhongjing's discussions: all three Yin channels have fever. Besides two Shaoyin conditions, there are vomiting/diarrhea with non-cold hands/feet and counter-fever (not fatal); Shaoyin disease with whole-body and hand/foot heat, blood in urine due to heat in the Bladder; Shaoyin disease Si Ni San (Four Counterflow Powder) contains Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) and also presents fever; Jueyin disease first cold limbs then fever with diarrhea stops spontaneously; diarrhea with rapid pulse, slight fever, and sweating indicates recovery; red face and slight heat indicate Yu Mao [depression and dizziness]; vomiting with fever uses Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction); and Taiyin Wind Strike with vexing limb pain. All three Yin channels have fever; why is the statement so restrictive? It also states the Taiyin chapter lacks emesis methods; Xu Fan [deficiency vexation] and Ge Shi [diaphragmatic excess] suitable for emesis belong to other channels. Only Hua Tuo said fourth-day chest conditions can be emetic, not specifying Taiyin. Now *Huoren Shanghan Wen* says Taiyin disease in the chest/diaphragm can be emetic. Why? The chest is not part of the Taiyin channel. Zhang Zhongjing mentions chest binding after purgation as a complication of mistaken purgation, but the area below the chest is near the heart and abdomen, not treatable by emetics. Regarding pulses, Zhang Zhongjing only states Taiyin Cun and Chi are both deep and fine, never mentioning a large pulse.