太阳病。发热而渴。不恶寒者。为温病。
此温病之的证也。温病者。冬春之月。温暖太甚。所谓非节之暖。人感之而即病者也。此正是
伤寒对照处。伤寒变乃成热。故必传经而后渴。温邪不待传变。故在太阳而即渴也。伤寒阳为寒郁
。故身发热而恶寒。温病阳为邪引。故发热而不恶寒也。然其脉浮。身热头痛。则与伤寒相似。所
以谓之伤寒类病云。
若发汗已。身灼热者。名曰风温。风温为病。脉阴阳俱浮。自汗出。身重多眠睡。鼻息必鼾。
语言难出。若被下者。小便不利。直视失溲。若被火者。微发黄色。剧则如惊痫。时螈 。若火熏
之。一逆尚引日。再逆促命期。
此风温之的脉的证也。亦是伤寒反照处。伤寒寒邪伤在表。汗之则邪去而热已。风温温与风得
汗之
则风去而温胜。故身灼热也。且夫风温之病。风伤阳气而温损阴气。故脉阴阳俱浮。不似伤寒之阴
阳俱紧也。风泄津液。而温伤肺气。故自汗出身重。不同伤寒之无汗而体痛也。多眠睡者。热胜而神昏也。鼻
息鼾。语言难出者。风温上壅。凑于肺也。是当以辛散风而凉胜温。乃不知而遽下之。则适以伤脏阴
而陷邪气。脏阴伤。则小便难目直视。邪气陷。则时复失溲也。被火如温针灼艾之属。风温为阳邪
。火为阳气。以阳遇阳。所谓两阳相熏灼。其身必发黄也。然火微则薰于皮肤。而身发黄色。火剧
则逼入心脏。而如发惊痫。且风从火出。而时时螈 。乃所以为逆也。若已被火而复以火熏之。是谓
逆而再逆。一逆尚延时日。再逆则促命期。此医家之大罪也。仲景示人风温温病之大戒加此。
按伤寒序例云、从霜降以后。至春分以前。凡有触冒霜露。体中寒即病者。谓之伤寒。至冬有
非节之暖者。名曰冬温。冬温之毒。与伤寒大异。从立春节后。其中无暴大寒。又不冰雪。而有人壮热
为病者。此属春时阳气发外。冬时伏寒。变为温病。从春分以后。至秋分节前。天有暴寒者。皆为
时行寒疫也。又曰。若更感异气。变为他病者。当根据坏证病而治之。若脉阴阳俱盛。重感于寒者。
变为温疟。阳脉浮滑。阴脉濡。弱者。更遇于风。变为风温。阳脉洪数。阴脉实大者。更遇温热。
变为温毒。温毒为病最重也。阳脉濡弱。阴脉弦紧者。更遇温气。变为温疫。夫所谓冬温寒疫者。
皆非其时而有其气。即所谓天行时气也。所谓变为温病者。乃是冬时伏寒。发于春时。阳气即春温
也。所谓变为温疟者。本是温热之病。重感新寒。热为寒郁。故为疟也。所谓变为风温者。
前风未绝。而后风继之。以阳遇阳。相得益炽也。所谓变为温毒者。前
热未已。而又感温热。表里皆热。蕴隆为患。故谓毒也。所谓变为温疫者。本有温病。而又感厉气
。故为温疫也。夫治病者。必先识病。欲识病者。必先正名。名正而后证可辨。法可施矣。惜乎
方法并未专详。然以意求之。无不可得。在人之致力何如耳。
太阳病，出现发热且口渴，不恶寒的症状，这称为温病。
这是温病的典型证候。所谓温病，是指在冬春季节，气候温暖过度，即所谓的“非时之暖”，人体感受这种邪气而立即发病。这正是与伤寒对照的地方。伤寒必须经过传变才会化热，所以一定要经过传经之后才会出现口渴；而温邪不需要等待传变，所以在太阳经阶段就会立即出现口渴。伤寒是因为阳气被寒邪郁遏，所以身体发热并且恶寒；温病则是阳气被邪气引动，所以发热而不恶寒。然而其脉象浮，身体发热、头痛，这与伤寒相似，因此称之为伤寒类病。
如果在发汗治疗后，身体灼热不退的，称为风温。风温这种病症，脉象寸关尺三部皆浮，自汗出，身体沉重，嗜睡，呼吸必然伴有鼾声，言语困难。如果误用攻下法，会导致小便不利，两眼直视，大小便失禁。如果误用火疗（如艾灸、温针等），轻则皮肤发黄，重则像惊痫发作，时而抽搐。如果再用火熏法治疗，一次误治还会拖延病程，再次误治则会加速死亡。
这是风温的典型脉象和证候。这也是与伤寒反向对照的地方。伤寒是寒邪伤在体表，发汗后邪气去除，热势也就消退了；风温则是温邪兼夹风邪，发汗后风邪虽去但温邪更盛，所以身体灼热。况且风温之病，风邪损伤阳气，温邪损耗阴气，所以脉象阴阳俱浮，不像伤寒那样阴阳俱紧。风邪导致津液外泄，温邪损伤肺气，所以自汗出、身体沉重，不同于伤寒的无汗且身体疼痛。多眠睡，是因为热盛导致神志昏蒙。鼻息有鼾声、言语困难，是因为风温上壅，聚集于肺。此时应当用辛散之法祛风，用凉性药物胜温，却不知反而急于使用攻下法，这就恰好损伤了脏阴并陷入邪气。脏阴受伤，则小便难、两眼直视；邪气内陷，则时常大小便失禁。误用火疗，如温针、艾灸之类，风温和火都属于阳邪，以阳遇阳，这就是所谓的“两阳相熏灼”，身体必然发黄。如果火力轻微，熏蒸于皮肤，身体发黄；如果火力剧烈，逼迫邪气进入心脏，就像发生惊痫一样。而且风从火出，导致时时抽搐，这就是所谓的“逆”治。如果已经被火疗误治，又再用火熏法，这叫作“逆而又逆”。一次误治尚且能拖延时日，两次误治则会缩短寿命。这是医家的大罪。仲景在此特别警示人们关于风温和温病的重大禁忌。
按《伤寒论》序例记载：从霜降以后到春分以前，凡是触犯霜露，体内受寒立即发病的，称为伤寒。到了冬季如果有非时之暖，称为冬温。冬温的毒性与伤寒大不相同。从立春节后，期间没有突然的大寒，也没有冰雪，如果有人发高热生病，这属于春季阳气发散在外，冬季潜伏的寒邪，转变为温病。从春分以后到秋分节前，天空有突然的寒冷，都称为时行寒疫。又说：如果再感受异气，变成其他疾病的，应当根据坏证来治疗。如果脉象阴阳俱盛，再次感受寒邪，变为温疟；阳脉浮滑，阴脉濡弱者，再遇到风邪，变为风温；阳脉洪数，阴脉实大的，再遇到温热邪气，变为温毒。温毒为病最为严重。阳脉濡弱，阴脉弦紧的，再遇到温气，变为温疫。所谓冬温、寒疫，都是非其时而有其气，也就是所谓的“天行时气”。所谓变为温病的，乃是冬季潜伏的寒邪，在春季发作，此时的阳气即为春温。所谓变为温疟的，本是温热之病，再次感受新寒，热邪被寒邪郁遏，所以成为疟疾。所谓变为风温的，前一次的风邪未绝，后一次的风邪继之，以阳遇阳，相得益彰更加炽盛。所谓变为温毒的，前面的热邪未止，又感受温热邪气，表里皆热，蕴结隆盛为患，所以称为毒。所谓变为温疫的，本有温病，又感受厉气，所以成为温疫。治病的人，必须先认识疾病；要认识疾病，必须先端正名称。名称正确后，证候才能辨别，治疗方法才能施行。可惜具体的方法并没有专门详细论述，然而凭心意推求，没有不能得到的，全在于人的致力程度如何罢了。
Taiyang disease (disease of the Taiyang channel) presenting with fever and thirst, without aversion to cold, is classified as Warm Disease (Wenbing).
This constitutes the definitive syndrome of Warm Disease. Warm Disease refers to illness contracted immediately upon exposure to excessive warmth during winter or spring months, known as "warmth out of season." This serves as a direct contrast to Cold Damage (Shanghan). In Cold Damage, heat transformation occurs only after transmission through channels; thus, thirst appears only after the pathogen has transmitted. In contrast, Warm pathogens do not require transmission to generate heat; hence, thirst manifests while the pathogen is still in the Taiyang stage. In Cold Damage, Yang Qi is constrained by Cold, resulting in fever accompanied by aversion to cold. In Warm Disease, Yang Qi is stimulated by the pathogen, resulting in fever without aversion to cold. However, since the pulse is floating, and there is fever and headache, it resembles Cold Damage, hence it is termed a "Cold Damage-like disease."
If sweating therapy is administered and the body remains scorching hot, it is named Wind-Warmth (Fengwen). The pathology of Wind-Warmth presents with a floating pulse at both the Yin and Yang positions, spontaneous sweating, heaviness of the body, excessive sleepiness, snoring during respiration, and difficulty speaking. If purgation is mistakenly applied, it leads to difficult urination, fixed staring of the eyes, and involuntary loss of urine and stool. If fire therapy (such as moxibustion or warm needle) is mistakenly applied, mild cases result in yellowing of the skin, while severe cases resemble convulsive epilepsy with periodic spasms. If fire fumigation is added to previous fire therapy, one error may prolong the illness, but a second error will hasten death.
These are the definitive pulse and syndrome manifestations of Wind-Warmth. This also serves as a counterpoint to Cold Damage. In Cold Damage, Cold pathogen attacks the exterior; sweating eliminates the pathogen, and the heat subsides. In Wind-Warmth, Wind and Warmth combine; sweating removes the Wind, but the Warmth prevails, resulting in scorching heat. Furthermore, Wind damages Yang Qi, while Warmth injures Yin Qi, causing the pulse to be floating at both Yin and Yang positions, unlike the tight pulse seen in Cold Damage. Wind causes leakage of body fluids, and Warmth injairs Lung Qi, leading to spontaneous sweating and body heaviness, differing from the anhidrosis and body pain of Cold Damage. Excessive sleepiness indicates mental confusion due to overwhelming heat. Snoring and difficulty in speech indicate Wind-Warmth obstructing the upper jiao and accumulating in the Lungs. The correct treatment should involve acrid dispersants to expel Wind and cooling agents to overcome Warmth. Instead, if purgatives are rashly used, they injure the Yin of the Zang organs and trap the pathogen inward. Injury to Zang Yin results in difficult urination and fixed staring; entrapment of the pathogen leads to occasional incontinence. Fire therapies, such as warm needles or moxa, involve Fire (Yang) treating Wind-Warmth (also Yang). This is described as "two Yangs fuming and burning," inevitably causing jaundice. Mild fire steams the skin causing yellowing; severe fire forces the pathogen into the Heart, resembling epilepsy. Moreover, Wind arising from Fire causes periodic spasms, constituting a therapeutic error ("Ni"). If fire therapy is followed by fire fumigation, it is "error compounded by error." One error delays recovery; two errors shorten life. This is a grave sin for physicians. Zhang Zhongjing emphasizes these major prohibitions regarding Wind-Warmth and Warm Disease.
According to the Preface of *Shanghan Lun*: From Frost's Descent until Spring Equinox, illness caused by exposure to frost and cold is called Cold Damage. Non-seasonal warmth in winter is called Winter-Warmth (Dongwen), whose toxicity differs greatly from Cold Damage. After Start of Spring, if there is no sudden severe cold or ice/snow, yet high fever occurs, this belongs to Warm Disease, where latent Cold from winter transforms due to the outward expansion of Spring Yang. From Spring Equinox to Autumn Equinox, sudden cold spells are called Seasonal Cold Epidemic (Shixing Hanyi). It is further stated: If additional abnormal qi is contracted, transforming into other diseases, treat according to the compromised syndromes. If the pulse is full and rapid at both Yin and Yang positions, and Cold is re-contracted, it transforms into Warm Malaria (Wen Nue). If the Yang pulse is floating and slippery, and the Yin pulse is soft and weak, and Wind is encountered, it transforms into Wind-Warmth. If the Yang pulse is surging and rapid, and the Yin pulse is solid and large, and Warmth is encountered, it transforms into Warm Toxin (Wendu), which is the most severe form. If the Yang pulse is soft and weak, and the Yin pulse is wiry and tight, and Warm Qi is encountered, it transforms into Warm Epidemic (Wenyi). Winter-Warmth and Seasonal Cold Epidemics arise when qi exists out of season, referred to as "Heavenly Traveling Seasonal Qi." Transformations into Warm Disease stem from latent winter Cold emerging in spring, associated with Spring Warmth. Transformations into Warm Malaria occur when a pre-existing Warmth disease is re-exposed to new Cold, suppressing Heat within Cold, resulting in Malaria. Transformations into Wind-Warmth occur when prior Wind lingers and subsequent Wind follows; Yang meets Yang, intensifying the condition. Transformations into Warm Toxin occur when prior Heat persists and Warmth is additionally contracted, creating interior-exterior Heat accumulation, termed "Toxin." Transformations into Warm Epidemic occur when pre-existing Warm Disease is combined with Pestilential Qi. Physicians must first identify the disease; to identify the disease, one must correctly name it. Only with correct naming can syndromes be distinguished and treatments applied. Regrettably, specific methods are not detailed exclusively, but through intellectual deduction, all can be understood, depending on the practitioner's diligence.