The *Yizong Jinjian* (Golden Mirror of Medical Tradition) states: Touching (Mo Fa) involves using the fingers to carefully palpate the injured area to determine if there is a bone fracture or comminution, bone displacement or alignment, bone looseness or hardness; tendon softness, displacement, or alignment; tendon rupture or migration; thickening or eversion; cold or heat sensations; as well as the exterior-interior, deficiency-excess nature of the pathology, and whether the condition is new or old. First, determine whether the injury resulted from a fall, twist, or blow, and then formulate a treatment plan based on this assessment.

Repositioning (Jie Fa)
The *Yizong Jinjian* states: Repositioning refers to bringing broken bones back together into one place to restore their original state. For bones dislocated by trauma, they may be separated into two parts, fractured and depressed, shattered and scattered, or deformed with protrusions. One must observe the specific circumstances and slowly perform the repositioning, so that the broken are connected, the depressed are elevated, the shattered are restored, and the protruding are flattened. This can be done manually, with instruments, or by combining both methods sequentially, depending on the physician's adaptability.

Lifting/Supporting (Duan Fa)
The *Yizong Jinjian* states: Lifting involves using one or both hands to secure the area requiring adjustment, judging the appropriate force. It may involve lifting from below upwards, supporting upwards, straight lifting, or oblique lifting. Since the bone has deviated from its position, manual manipulation is necessary to ensure the bone joints heal quickly without prolonged delay. The operation must be balanced and precise to avoid complications such as limb length discrepancy after healing.

Traction (Ti Fa)
The *Yizong Jinjian* states: Traction refers to pulling out depressed bones to restore their original position. There are various methods: some use two hands to pull, some use ropes for high suspension traction, and some use instruments after traction to prevent recurrence of depression. One must assess the severity and depth of the injury before applying treatment. If severe injuries are treated with light traction, the disease will not heal; if mild injuries are treated with heavy traction, although the old injury may resolve, it could cause new problems.

Massage (An Mo Fa)
The *Yizong Jinjian* states: Pressing (An) refers to pushing down with the hand. Rubbing (Mo) refers to gently kneading and stroking. This method is designed for skin and tendon injuries characterized only by swelling, stiffness, and numbness, without bone fractures. It is also suitable for cases where falls or twists cause joint misalignment, leading to Qi and blood stagnation, resulting in swelling and pain. In such cases, massage should be used to press the meridians to unblock stagnant Qi, and rub the congested areas to dissipate swelling caused by blood stasis, thereby curing the condition.

Pushing and Grasping (Tui Na Fa)
The *Yizong Jinjian* states: Pushing (Tui) refers to using the hand to push the affected part back to its original position. Grasping (Na) refers to using one or both hands to pinch the injured area, adjusting the force appropriately, and slowly restoring its position. If swelling and pain have subsided and wounds have healed, but there is still tendon spasm causing limited mobility, or tendon laxity causing poor function, or slight misalignment of the bone joints, although the external injury has settled, the circulation of Qi and blood is not yet smooth. At this stage, methods like pressing, aligning, lifting, and pulling are inappropriate; instead, Tui Na should be used to unblock the meridians and promote Qi and blood flow. Since human acupoints are divided into major meridians and collateral vessels, pushing and grasping, applied according to deficiency or excess patterns, employ methods of dispersing, tonifying, draining, and supplementing, ensuring that patients recover.

Note: The above items outline the general principles of the Eight Methods. However, the judgment during clinical practice and the skillful application at any given moment depend on the physician's insight and understanding.

Yaoshan stated: Beyond the Eight Methods, there is a secret technique for reducing dislocated joints into the socket. This may involve using the shoulder to bear the weight or the leg to prop up the limb. Bearing (Qian) is like carrying a load on a pole; when the person bears the weight, the bone enters the socket, which is more powerful than pulling with hands. Propping (Jian) involves sitting on top or lying on the ground, holding the patient with both hands, and then pushing with the heel. This is much more convenient than pushing with hands. This is a secret technique, so it is appended after the Eight Methods to supplement the inadequacies of manual techniques.