小儿阳水，因湿热内郁，水道阻塞，外攻肌表，以致外肿内胀，发热，口渴心烦，小便短赤，大便秘结。治
宜泄水，热盛烦渴者，古法主大圣 川散〔如煨大黄、牵牛（取头末）、郁李仁各一两，木香三钱，芒硝三钱，甘
遂五分，共为细末，姜汤调下，量儿大小用之〕。
湿盛胀满者，古法主舟车神佑丸（方见风湿肿）。
〔真按〕小儿阳水，但用茯苓皮、大腹皮、炒桑白皮、生姜皮，五加皮各二钱，煎汤，送清宁丸一钱，微下
之为稳。
小儿阴水，因脾肾虚弱而成，脾虚不能制水，肾虚不能主水，以致外泛作肿，内停作胀。若二便不实，身不
热，心不烦者，古法主实脾饮（如草果仁、大腹皮、木瓜、木香、浓朴、干姜、制附子、炒白术、茯苓、炙甘草，
引用枣二枚）。
〔真按〕小儿阴水，先用金匮肾气丸吞之，每服一钱，日三服，白开水送下。如服仍不应者，则是虚中有实，
法宜攻补兼施，要抱逐邪不伤正之宗旨，则药与元气相当，自见效验。但须忌盐酱百日，不得丝毫入口，方易收功。
小儿元气本虚，复遇大病之后，浑身浮肿，四肢厥冷，口不渴，小便清长，大便滑泄，不思饮食，此阴寒之极，
脾胃将绝。治肿之方，切勿沾唇，但以四君子略加肉桂、炮姜、砂仁、豆蔻，以救其脾胃。便可挽回。
小儿阳水，是由于湿热在体内郁结，导致水道阻塞，邪气向外攻冲肌表，从而引起体表浮肿、腹部胀满，伴有发热、口渴、心烦不安，小便短少且颜色深红，大便秘结不通。治疗应当采用泄下利水的方法。若热势炽盛、烦躁口渴严重者，古法主张使用大圣川散（如将煨大黄、牵牛子取头末、郁李仁各一两，木香三钱，芒硝三钱，甘遂五分，共同研成细末，用姜汤调服，根据患儿年龄大小调整用量）。
若湿气偏盛、腹部胀满明显者，古法主张使用舟车神佑丸（方剂组成见“风湿肿”章节）。
〔陈守真按语〕对于小儿阳水，仅使用茯苓皮、大腹皮、炒桑白皮、生姜皮、五加皮各二钱，煎煮成汤剂，送服清宁丸一钱，使大便轻微通下，这样治疗较为稳妥。
小儿阴水，是由于脾肾虚弱而形成的。脾虚不能制约水湿，肾虚不能主持水液代谢，从而导致水湿外泛引起浮肿，内停引起腹胀。如果大小便不成形，身体不发热，心中不烦躁者，古法主张使用实脾饮（如草果仁、大腹皮、木瓜、木香、厚朴、干姜、制附子、炒白术、茯苓、炙甘草，引用大枣两枚煎服）。
〔陈守真按语〕对于小儿阴水，先服用金匮肾气丸吞服，每次一钱，每日三次，用白开水送服。如果服药后仍无反应，说明是虚证中夹杂实证，治疗方法应当攻补兼施，要秉持驱逐邪气而不损伤正气的宗旨，使药力与元气相当，自然能见到疗效。但必须忌食盐和酱类食物一百天，不得丝毫入口，才容易取得疗效。
小儿元气本来虚弱，又遭遇大病之后，出现浑身浮肿，四肢厥冷，口不渴，小便清长，大便滑泄不止，不想饮食，这是阴寒之极，脾胃之气即将断绝。此时治疗水肿的方剂，切勿让患儿沾唇饮用，只需用四君子汤略微加入肉桂、炮姜、砂仁、豆蔻，来挽救其脾胃功能。便可以挽回生机。
Pediatric Yang Edema arises from the internal stagnation of damp-heat, which obstructs the water passages. The pathogenic factors attack the muscle and skin surface externally, resulting in external swelling and internal abdominal distension, accompanied by fever, thirst, irritability, short and dark urine, and constipation. The treatment should focus on purging water and promoting diuresis. In cases where heat is excessive with severe irritability and thirst, ancient methods advocate using Dasheng Chuan San (Great Sage Chuan Powder) [composed of calcined Rhizoma et Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae (Wei Dahuang), Semen Sisymbrii Irritantis (Qianniu, taking the finest powder), Semen Pruni (Yuliren), each 1 liang; Fructus Tsaoko (Caoguoren), Radix Aucklandiae (Muxiang), 3 qian; Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao), 3 qian; Kansui Radix (Gansui), 5 fen; all ground into fine powder, mixed with ginger decoction for administration, dosage adjusted according to the child's age].
In cases where dampness is predominant with significant abdominal distension, ancient methods advocate using Zhouche Shenyuan Wan (Boat Vehicle Divine Protection Pill) (formula see "Wind-Damp Edema").
[Chen Shouzhen's Note] For pediatric Yang edema, it is sufficient to use Cortex Rhamni Ussuriensis (Fulingpi), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (Dafupi), Folium Mori Albae (Sangbaipi), Cortex Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiangpi), and Cortex Acanthopanacis Senticosi (Wujiapi), each 2 qian, decocted in water, and administered with Qingning Wan 1 qian, inducing mild purgation for a stable outcome.
Pediatric Yin Edema results from the deficiency of the Spleen and Kidney. Spleen deficiency fails to control water, while Kidney deficiency fails to govern water metabolism, leading to water overflowing externally causing swelling and stopping internally causing distension. If the stools and urine are unformed, the body is not hot, and there is no mental restlessness, ancient methods advocate using Shipi Yin (Real Spleen Decoction) [composed of Fructus Tsaoko (Caoguoren), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (Dafupi), Fructus Papaveris (Mugua), Radix Aucklandiae (Muxiang), Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (Noupu), Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum (Ganjiang), Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Zhi Fuzi), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu), Poria (Fuling), Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao), with two Jujubes as a guide].
[Chen Shouzhen's Note] For pediatric Yin edema, first administer Jin Kui Shen Qi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill from the Golden Cabinet) to be swallowed, 1 qian per dose, three times daily, taken with plain boiled water. If there is still no response after administration, it indicates a condition of deficiency complicated by excess. The treatment method should combine attacking the pathogen and tonifying the healthy qi, adhering to the principle of eliminating evil without damaging the righteous qi. When the medicinal strength corresponds to the vital energy, efficacy will naturally appear. However, salt and soy sauce must be strictly avoided for one hundred days, with absolutely no intake, to facilitate recovery.
Children's primordial qi is inherently deficient. After suffering from a major illness, if they present with generalized edema, cold limbs, absence of thirst, clear and profuse urination, loose diarrhea, and anorexia, this represents extreme yin-cold and the impending exhaustion of the Spleen and Stomach. Medications for treating edema should never be ingested. Instead, use Sizijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) slightly modified with Cinnamon Bark (Rougui), Prepared Ginger Root (Pao Jiang), Amomum Fruit (Sharen), and Nutmeg (Doukou) to rescue the Spleen and Stomach function. This can reverse the critical condition.