辩服金石
金石之药,有可服不可服之理。欲究养生之术,须穷药石之由。今假设问辞,用明至理。
或问曰∶夫金石之药,埋之不腐,煮之不烂,用能固气,可以延年。草木之药,未免腐烂之患,
焉有固驻之功?答曰∶夫金石之药,其性骠悍而无津液,人之盛壮,服且无益;若及其衰弱,毒则发
焉。夫壮年,则气盛而滑利。盛则能制石,滑则能行石,故不发也。及其衰弱,则荣卫气涩。涩则不能
行石,弱则不能制石。石无所制而行者留积,故为人大患也。欲益而损,何固驻之有哉?
问曰∶亦有未虚而石发者乎?答曰∶忧恚在心而不能宣,则荣卫涩滞而不行,石势结积而不散,
随其积聚,发诸痈疮。又有服石之人,倚石势而纵佚游。石势既行,乃作强中之病。不晓者,以
为奇效。精液焦枯,猛热遂作,洞釜加爨,罕不
焦然。
问曰∶金石之为害若此,农皇何以标之于《本经》?答曰∶太虚积冷之人,不妨暂服,疾愈
而止,则无害矣。
又问∶前云石势骠悍,脏衰则发,今先虚而服石者,岂能制其势力乎?且未见其有害,何也?
答曰∶初服之时,石势永积,又乘虚冷之甚,故不发也。以此观之,当太虚积冷之时,暂可服饵。若久
长防患,则不如草木之药焉。
又问∶草木自不能久,岂能固人哉?答曰∶服之不倦,势力相搂,积年之后,必获大益。夫攻疗
之药,以疾瘥而见功;固驻之方,觉体安而是效。形神既宁,则寿命自永矣。
果类
莲实粉。主补中养神,益气力,除百疾。久股轻身延年。
取莲实八月,就他皮黑者去皮心,曝干,捣筛为粉。早以酒或白粥调之,不宜与地黄同食。莲实
嫩时,生食动气,为粉益人。
栗子粉。主浓肠胃,补肾气。
取栗子曝干,令皮自坼,去皮薄切。又曝令极干,捣为粉,如莲粉法食之。凡食栗子,生食动虫发
气,熟食亦发胀,皆不及曝令半干。衣中近肌肉暖而食之,甚益人。
葡萄作浆,虽是常术,且补益功优。主筋骨湿痹,益气力,强志,令人肥健。久服轻身,不老
延年。葡萄熟时,先于根底着羊肉汁、米泔汁各一斗,如是经宿。拣熟者摘之,纳新白瓶中,令满稍实,
密封石器,自然成浆。去滓饮之,味过醇酎,甚益人。
辨析服用金石类药物
金石类的药物,有可以服用和不可以服用的道理。想要探究养生的方法,必须穷尽药物石料的原理。现在假设问答的形式,来阐明其中的至理。
有人问:金石类的药物,埋在地下不腐烂,煮在水中不烂熟,能够用来固护元气,可以延年益寿。草木类的药物,难免有腐烂的祸患,哪里有固驻(身体)的功效呢?
回答说:金石类的药物,其性质猛烈刚悍而没有津液滋润。人在身体强壮时,服用它尚且没有益处;等到身体衰弱时,毒性就会发作。在壮年时期,人气血旺盛且运行滑利。气血旺盛就能制约金石,运行滑利就能推动金石排出,所以不会发病。等到身体衰弱时,营气和卫气就会涩滞不通。涩滞就不能推动金石运行,虚弱就不能制约金石。金石失去制约而停留在体内,就会积聚,这成为人体的大患啊。本想补益反而受损,哪里有什么固驻身体的功效呢?
又问:也有身体未虚却出现金石毒发症状的情况吗?
回答说:如果忧愤郁结在心中不能宣泄,就会导致营卫之气涩滞而不运行,金石的势力就会结聚积聚而不能消散,随着这种积聚,会在身体各处引发痈疮。又有服用金石的人,倚仗金石药力而放纵享乐。金石药势既已运行,就产生了“强中”病(阴茎异常勃起)。不懂医理的人,认为这是奇效。实际上精液已经焦枯,猛烈的热邪随之产生,就像在锅底加火燃烧一样,很少有不焦灼败坏的。
又问:金石的危害像这样严重,神农氏为什么将其记载在《神农本草经》中?
回答说:对于太虚(极度虚寒)积冷的人,不妨暂时服用,疾病痊愈后就停止,就没有害处了。
又问:前面说金石药势猛烈刚悍,脏腑衰弱时就会发作,现在先处于虚弱状态就服用金石,难道能制约它的势力吗?况且没见到它有害,为什么呢?
回答说:刚开始服用时,金石药势长期积聚,又趁着身体极度虚冷的时候,所以不会立即发作。由此看来,在身体极度虚冷积寒的时候,暂时可以服用。如果要长久地防范危害,那就不如草木类的药物了。
又问:草木类药物自己都不能长久保存,怎么能固护人体呢?
回答说:不间断地服用,药力相互衔接,积累多年之后,必定获得大的益处。那些攻伐治疗疾病的药物,以疾病痊愈为见效;固本驻颜的方剂,以感觉身体安适为有效。形体和精神既然安宁,寿命自然就会长久。
果实类
莲子粉。主要功效是补益中气、调养精神、益气力、消除各种疾病。长期食用可使双腿轻健、身体轻盈、延年益寿。
选取八月的莲子,选择外皮黑色的去掉皮和芯,晒干后捣碎筛成粉末。早上用酒或白米粥调服,不宜与地黄同食。莲子嫩的时候,生吃会扰动气机,制成粉末则对人有益。
选取栗子晒干,让皮自然裂开,去掉皮并薄切。再晒得极干,捣成粉末,吃法如同莲子粉。凡是吃栗子,生吃会动虫气、引发气胀,熟食也会引起腹胀,都不如晒到半干的状态好。放在衣服里贴近肌肉温暖后食用,非常有益于人。
葡萄酿浆,虽然是普通的方法,但补益功效优异。主要功效是治疗筋骨湿痹、益气力、增强意志、使人肥壮健康。长期服用可身体轻盈、不老延年。葡萄成熟时,先在根部浇灌羊肉汁、米泔水各一斗,经过一夜。挑选成熟的葡萄摘下,放入新的白色瓶中,装满并稍压实,用石器密封,自然会变成浆液。过滤掉渣滓饮用,味道超过醇厚的酒,非常有益于人。
Differentiating the Administration of Mineral and Metal Medicinals
There are principles regarding which mineral and metal medicinals can be administered and which cannot. To investigate the art of health preservation, one must thoroughly understand the nature of these drugs and stones. Here, a hypothetical Q&A format is used to elucidate the profound truths.
A question arises: Mineral and metal medicinals do not rot when buried nor decay when boiled; they can consolidate Qi (vital energy) and prolong life. In contrast, herbal medicines are prone to decomposition. How can herbs achieve the effect of consolidating and stabilizing the body?
The answer is: The nature of mineral and metal medicinals is fierce and harsh, lacking in fluids (Jin-Ye). When a person is robust, taking them yields no benefit; if taken when the body is declining, their toxicity will manifest. In youth, Qi is abundant and flows smoothly. Abundance allows one to control the stone, and smoothness allows one to move the stone, so toxicity does not arise. However, when declining, Ying (Nutritive Qi) and Wei (Defensive Qi) become stagnant. Stagnation prevents the movement of the stone, and weakness prevents the control of it. If the stone is uncontrolled and remains in motion, it accumulates, becoming a major affliction for humans. Seeking to benefit oneself but actually causing harm, where is the consolidation of the body?
Another question: Are there cases where stone toxicity manifests even without deficiency?
The answer is: If sorrow and resentment are trapped in the heart and cannot be expressed, Ying and Wei Qi become stagnant and cease to flow. The power of the stone then knots and accumulates without dispersing. Following this accumulation, carbuncles and sores may erupt in various parts of the body. Furthermore, those who take stone medicinals may rely on the stone's power to indulge in licentious behavior. Once the stone's power circulates, it leads to the disease of "Qiang Zhong" (priapism/abnormal erection). Those ignorant of medicine regard this as a miraculous effect. In reality, essence and fluids are scorched and dried up, and fierce heat arises, akin to adding fire to an empty cauldron; rarely does one avoid being scorched and ruined.
Another question: If the harm of minerals and metals is so severe, why did Shennong list them in the *Shennong Ben Cao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica)?
The answer is: For individuals with extreme deficiency-cold (Tai Xu Ji Leng), temporary administration is permissible. If the illness is cured and intake ceases, there is no harm.
Another question: It was previously stated that the stone's power is fierce and manifests when organs decline. If one takes stone medicinals while already deficient, how can one control its power? Moreover, since no harm is observed, why is this so?
The answer is: Upon initial administration, the stone's power accumulates over time. Combined with the extreme deficiency-cold of the body, toxicity does not immediately manifest. From this perspective, temporary consumption is acceptable during periods of extreme deficiency-cold. However, for long-term prevention of harm, herbal medicines are superior.
Another question: Herbal medicines themselves cannot last long; how can they consolidate the human body?
The answer is: Continuous administration ensures that the medicinal power connects sequentially. After accumulating for years, great benefits will surely be obtained. Remedies for attacking and treating diseases show efficacy when the illness resolves; formulas for consolidating and preserving vitality show efficacy when physical comfort is felt. Once form and spirit are tranquil, lifespan naturally extends.
Fruit Category
Lotus Seed Powder. Its main functions are tonifying the Middle Jiao, nourishing Shen (Spirit), augmenting Qi and strength, and eliminating myriad ailments. Long-term use lightens the legs, promotes bodily lightness, and prolongs life.
Select lotus seeds harvested in the eighth month, choose those with black outer skins, remove the skin and core, dry them in the sun, and grind/sieve into powder. Mix with wine or white rice gruel in the morning for consumption. Do not consume simultaneously with Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang). Fresh young lotus seeds, when eaten raw, disturb Qi; processed into powder, they are beneficial.
Chestnut Powder. Its main functions are thickening the intestines and stomach, and tonifying Kidney Qi.
Dry chestnuts until the shells naturally split, remove the shells, and slice thinly. Dry again until extremely dry, then grind into powder. Consume similarly to lotus seed powder. Generally, eating chestnuts raw disturbs parasites and causes Qi stagnation; cooked chestnuts cause bloating. Neither is as effective as consuming them when dried to half-dry state. Warm them close to the skin within clothing before eating; this is highly beneficial.
Grape Nectar. Although prepared by common methods, its tonic efficacy is excellent. It treats bi-syndrome (painful obstruction) of sinews and bones due to dampness, augments Qi and strength, strengthens willpower, and makes the person robust and healthy. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life. When grapes are ripe, pour one dou each of mutton broth and rice washing water at the root base. Leave overnight. Pick ripe grapes, place them in a new white ceramic jar, fill it tightly, seal it in a stone vessel, and it will naturally ferment into nectar. Strain out the dregs and drink. The taste surpasses strong wine and is very beneficial.