《经》曰∶在上者，因而越之。凡尺脉有力强健者，可吐。食滞中脘，胀闷恶心，
头痛身热，寸脉滑盛者，可吐。痰满胸膈，不得升降，因而小便不通者，可吐。肝气郁
结，中脘痛闷者，可吐。若尺脉微弱，两寸不滑，胸膈不闷者，不可吐。脾胃素虚，面
色痿黄，右寸大而无力者，不可吐。中气虚而痞胀，不能不化者，不可误吐。吐后心火
既降。阴道必强，大禁房室悲忧，致增他病，咎归于吐。
凡脉浮大者，日数虽多，在表宜汗。若
六七日后，邪热少退，胸膈亦和，是表里己平也。而如咽喉干燥，汗出无多，此乃津液
枯竭，不可发汗，汗则亡阳。更淋家不可发汗，夫淋是太阳热传膀胱也，汗之则津液愈
竭，客热愈增，以致膀胱虚燥，小便便血。衄家不可发汗，夫衄则上焦已亡血矣。汗之
复竭上焦津液，血不荣则筋不舒，阴既虚则目不瞑而成痉 。少阴病脉沉细数，病为
在里，不可发汗。少阴病，但厥无汗，而强发之，必动其血，或从口鼻，或从目出，是
名下厥上竭，难治。脉动数微弱者，不可发汗。脉沉迟在里者，不可发汗。腹中左右有
动气者，不可发汗，及产后溃疡，年高病久，气虚血虚，均不可无汗。故夫汗者，治
在表也。然汗法有三，一曰温散。天遇寒胜之时，人逢阴胜之脏，夫阳气不充，则表不
能解，虽身有大热，必用辛温。一曰凉解，炎热炽盛，表里枯涸，阴气不营，亦不能
汗，宜用辛凉。一曰平解。病在阴阳之间，既不可温，又不可凉，但宜平用，期于解表
而已。凡已得汗而脉尚躁盛者，此阴脉之极也，死。脉尚躁而不得汗者，此阳脉之极
也，死。若得汗而脉静者，生。
凡病患神采外扬者，病发常多汗而躁急，盖神既外扬，津无管束而妄泄。《经》
所谓∶阳虚虚阴必凑之，必须内守，方可逆挽。老子所谓∶知其雄，守其雌，知其白，
守其黑，真对症之药也。若夫用药，必取草木之性，下达而味沉重者，恒使勿缺。如灌
园而频频沃之，以杜其枯竭也。所以伤寒过经热不止，或发汗不彻用紫苏煎汤，纳入大
壶，置被中接汗，内服辛凉之药，使汗易出，而勿耗伤阴分也。
《黄帝内经》说：病邪在人体上部的，应当采用涌吐的方法使其排出。凡是尺脉有力且强健的，可以使用吐法。饮食停滞在中脘部位，导致腹部胀满、胸闷、恶心，伴有头痛和身体发热，寸脉滑而盛的，可以使用吐法。痰湿充满胸膈，导致气机升降受阻，进而引起小便不通的，可以使用吐法。肝气郁结，中脘部疼痛闷胀的，可以使用吐法。如果尺脉微弱，两寸脉不滑，胸膈没有闷胀感的，禁止使用吐法。脾胃素来虚弱，面色萎黄，右寸脉大但无力的，禁止使用吐法。中气虚弱导致痞满胀气，运化功能失司的，不可误用吐法。呕吐之后，心火既然已经下降，阴经之气必然亢盛（此处指阴阳失衡后的病理状态），此时必须严禁房事及悲伤忧愁，以免引发其他疾病，若因此致病，过错归于不当的吐法。
凡是脉象浮大的，虽然患病天数较多，但病邪仍在体表，适宜使用发汗法。如果经过六七天，邪热稍微减退，胸膈感觉调和，说明表里病情已经平稳。但如果出现咽喉干燥，出汗不多，这是津液枯竭的表现，不可发汗，否则会导致亡阳。此外，淋证患者不可发汗，因为淋证是太阳经热邪传入膀胱所致，发汗会使津液更加枯竭，客热更加增加，导致膀胱虚燥，甚至出现尿血。衄血（鼻出血等上部出血）患者不可发汗，因为衄血意味着上焦血液已经耗损。发汗会再次耗尽上焦津液，血液不能濡养则筋脉拘急不舒，阴液既已亏虚，就会导致眼睛闭合困难并发展为痉病。少阴病脉象沉细数，病位在里，不可发汗。少阴病，只有四肢厥冷而无汗，如果强行发汗，必定扰动血液，血液可能从口鼻或眼睛流出，这被称为“下厥上竭”，属于难治之症。脉象动数但微弱者，不可发汗。脉象沉迟且在里的，不可发汗。腹部左右有搏动感（动气）的，不可发汗。以及产后、溃疡病患者，年老体弱、久病之人，气虚血虚者，均不可发汗（注：原文“均不可无汗”疑为笔误或特定语境下的否定表达，结合上下文“均不可...”及中医常规，此处意指上述情况均不宜发汗，或指这些情况本身多表现为无汗故不可强发，依文意译为不可发汗）。所以，发汗法是用于治疗表证的。然而，发汗法有三种：第一种叫温散。当遇到寒气胜时的天气，或者人体阴寒偏盛的脏腑，阳气不充盛，则表邪不能解除，即使身体有大热，也必须使用辛温药物。第二种叫凉解。炎热炽盛时，表里枯涸，阴气不能营运，也不能发汗，适宜使用辛凉药物。第三种叫平解。病在阴阳之间，既不能用温法，也不能用凉法，只宜平和地用药，目的是解除表邪而已。凡是已经出汗但脉象仍然躁动旺盛的，这是阴脉的极端表现，主死。脉象仍然躁动但不能出汗的，这是阳脉的极端表现，主死。如果出汗后脉象平静的，主生。
凡是病人神采外露的，发病时常多汗且烦躁急促，这是因为神气外越，津液失去约束而妄泄。《黄帝内经》所说：“阳虚则阴必凑之，必须内守，方可逆挽。”老子所说：“知其雄，守其雌；知其白，守其黑。”这些话真是对症的良药啊。至于用药，必须选取草木中性质下达且味道沉重的药物，经常使用以防缺失。就像浇灌园圃一样频繁滋润，以防止枯竭。所以伤寒病经过传变周期后热势不止，或者发汗不彻底，可以用紫苏煎汤，倒入大壶中，置于被中承接蒸汽以助汗出，同时内服辛凉药物，使汗容易排出，而不耗伤阴分。
The *Classic* (Huangdi Neijing) states: "For pathogens located in the upper part, use the method of inducing vomiting to expel them." Whenever the Chi pulse (尺脉) is forceful and strong, emesis may be used. When food stagnation occurs in the Zhongwan region, causing abdominal distension, oppression, nausea, accompanied by headache and fever, and the Cun pulse (寸脉) is slippery and vigorous, emesis may be used. When phlegm-dampness fills the chest and diaphragm, obstructing the ascending and descending of Qi, leading to urinary retention, emesis may be used. When Liver Qi is constrained, causing pain and oppression in the Zhongwan region, emesis may be used. However, if the Chi pulse is weak and faint, the two Cun pulses are not slippery, and there is no oppression in the chest and diaphragm, emesis is contraindicated. If the Spleen and Stomach are inherently deficient, with a sallow complexion, and the Right Cun pulse is large but powerless, emesis is contraindicated. If Middle Qi is deficient, leading to fullness and distension due to failure of transformation and transportation, emesis must not be mistakenly applied. After emesis, as Heart Fire descends, the Yin channels become relatively strong (or Yin fluids are depleted leading to relative Yang hyperactivity); sexual intercourse and sorrow/worry are strictly prohibited to prevent other diseases; any resulting pathology is attributed to the error of emesis.
Whenever the pulse is floating and large, even if many days have passed since onset, if the pathogen remains in the exterior, sweating should be induced. If after six or seven days, the pathogenic heat has slightly subsided and the chest and diaphragm feel harmonious, indicating that both interior and exterior conditions have stabilized, yet the patient presents with dry throat and scanty sweating, this indicates exhaustion of Body Fluids; sweating is contraindicated, as it would lead to collapse of Yang. Furthermore, patients with Lin syndrome (strangury) cannot undergo sweating. Lin syndrome results from Heat transmitting from the Taiyang channel to the Bladder; sweating would further deplete Body Fluids, increase exogenous Heat, cause deficiency-dryness of the Bladder, and potentially lead to hematuria. Patients with frequent epistaxis (Nü jia) cannot undergo sweating, as epistaxis implies blood loss in the Upper Jiao; sweating would further exhaust Upper Jiao fluids, leading to malnourishment of sinews and inability to relax, and since Yin is already deficient, the eyes will fail to close, resulting in Spasm disease. In Shaoyin disease with a deep, fine, and rapid pulse, the pathology is in the interior, so sweating is contraindicated. In Shaoyin disease, if there is only cold extremities without sweat, forcing sweating will inevitably disturb the blood, causing bleeding from the mouth, nose, or eyes; this is termed "Lower Collapse and Upper Exhaustion," which is difficult to treat. A pulse that is moving, rapid, yet weak is contraindicated for sweating. A deep and slow pulse indicating interior pathology is contraindicated for sweating. Presence of pulsating sensations (Dong Qi) on either side of the abdomen is contraindicated for sweating. Similarly, postpartum women, patients with ulcers, the elderly, those with long-standing illness, and those with Qi or Blood deficiency are all contraindicated for sweating. Thus, sweating is a treatment for exterior patterns. However, there are three methods of sweating: First, Warm Dispersal. When encountering excessive cold or when internal organs are prone to Yin excess, if Yang Qi is insufficient to resolve the exterior, even with high fever, acrid-warm herbs must be used. Second, Cool Resolution. When heat is intense, causing dryness in both interior and exterior, and Yin Qi fails to circulate, preventing natural sweating, acrid-cool herbs should be used. Third, Balanced Resolution. When the disease lies between Yin and Yang, neither warming nor cooling is appropriate; a balanced approach should be used solely to resolve the exterior. If sweating occurs but the pulse remains restless and vigorous, this represents the extreme of Yin pulses and indicates death. If the pulse remains restless but no sweat occurs, this represents the extreme of Yang pulses and indicates death. If sweat occurs and the pulse becomes calm, life is preserved.
When a patient's spirit appears externally agitated, they often sweat excessively and are irritable/restless because the Spirit has escaped outward, and Body Fluids are uncontrolled and leaking. As stated in the *Classic*: "When Yang is deficient, Yin invades; one must maintain internal stability to reverse the trend." Laozi said: "Know the masculine, keep to the feminine; know the white, keep to the black," which is truly an apt prescription for this condition. Regarding medication, one must select herbal properties that sink downward and have heavy flavors, ensuring their consistent use. This is like frequently watering a garden to prevent drought. Therefore, in Shanghan disease where heat persists beyond the transmission cycles, or when sweating was incomplete, decoction of Perilla Leaf (Zi Su Ye) can be poured into a large vessel, placed under blankets to inhale the steam to assist sweating, while internally administering acrid-cool medicines to facilitate sweating without damaging Yin substances.