夫鼻为肺窍。《经》曰∶天气通于肺。若肺胃无痰火积热，则平常上升，皆清气
也。肺家有病，则鼻不利，如伤热之不散，或伤寒之久郁成热，皆能使塞而不利。若平
人而多涕，或黄或自或带血，如脓状者，皆肾虚所致，不可过用凉药。更夫嚏者，鼻出
声也。欲名喷嚏，《经》曰∶是阳气和利，满于心，出于鼻，故为嚏。向日而嚏者，金
畏火也。伤风多嚏者，火郁于肺也。拨孔即嚏者，金扣乃鸣也。更有风邪客于皮毛，是
以津液不收，致流清涕，头楚若锯者，名曰鼻鼽。更有金不生水，则元阳虚火上升，而
成鼻干者。更有鼻渊者，谓其涕下不止，如彼水泉，故名之也。《经》曰∶是胆移热于
脑。盖胆脉起于目锐 ，上抵面门，入络于脑，然阳明之脉，亦挟鼻络目，傍约太阳之
脉者也。今因脑热，则足太阳逆，与阳明之脉俱盛，泊于额中，是以鼻额酸痛，涕下不
止矣。更有寒邪未尽，虚热渐炽，是以脓涕结聚，香臭不闻，此名鼻 。更有热血入
面，为寒所拂，是以污浊凝滞，则成鼻 。或得之酒刺生面，上焦火盛者。更有鼻生紫
赤刺瘾疹，欲名肺风。更有风湿之气，壅成内热，或因气疳，故鼻下两傍，疮湿痒烂，
是名鼻疳，俗呼鼻 疮。不甚痛，汗所流处，即成烂疮。更有肺中积热，六阳上蒸，
或成赤鼻者。更有或心或肺或胃，蕴热过极，迫血妄行，上干情道，而为鼻衄者。更
有温热之气，外郁皮毛，内应太阴，故三焦之火，得以上炎，为鼻生赘，如灶火上炎，
而成煤也。又有胃中食积，热痰流注，是以上疗而鼻生 肉，犹湿地得热而生茵也，
治宜利膈去热，切勿因碍伤动，否则便成鼻痔矣。更脑病者，其候有二，若清水流出而
不痛者为寒；若流黄臭水而痛者为热，久而不愈，即名脑漏，治法当内服清利胆热，外
于囟会通天二穴灸之。
鼻子是肺的窍道。《内经》说：天气通过肺与人体相通。如果肺和胃中没有痰火积热，那么平常上升的都是清气。肺家有了病，鼻子就不通畅，比如感受热邪而不得发散，或者伤寒日久郁结化热，都能导致鼻塞不通。如果是健康人却鼻涕多，颜色或黄或白或带血，像脓一样的，这都是肾虚引起的，不可以过度使用寒凉药物。至于打喷嚏，是鼻子发出声音。想要命名为喷嚏，《内经》说：这是阳气调和顺畅，充满于心，出于鼻，所以称为嚏。面向太阳打喷嚏，是因为金（肺）畏惧火（太阳）。伤风导致频繁打喷嚏，是因为火郁结在肺中。拨动鼻孔就打喷嚏，是因为金属被敲击才会鸣响。更有风邪客居在皮毛，因此津液不能收摄，导致流出清涕，头部疼痛如同被锯子锯一样，名叫鼻鼽（清涕不止）。更有因为金不生水，导致元阳虚、虚火上炎，而形成鼻干的。更有鼻渊，是说鼻涕流下不止，像泉水一样，所以这样命名它。《内经》说：这是胆将热邪移注于脑。大概胆脉起于目外角，向上到达面部，进入络属脑部，然而阳明脉，也挟持鼻部络属眼部，旁边约束太阳脉。现在因为脑热，导致足太阳经气逆乱，与阳明脉都旺盛，停滞在额中，所以鼻部和额头酸痛，鼻涕流下不止。更有寒邪没有完全清除，虚热逐渐炽盛，因此脓涕结聚，闻不到香味和臭味，这名叫鼻窒（鼻塞不通）。更有热血进入面部，被寒邪拂逆，因此污浊凝滞，而成鼻痔（鼻内赘生物）。或者是因为酒刺生在面上，上焦火气旺盛导致的。更有鼻子生出紫红色的刺状瘾疹，想要命名为肺风。更有风湿之气，壅塞形成内热，或者因为气疳，所以在鼻子下面两旁，疮口湿润瘙痒溃烂，名叫鼻疳，俗称鼻疮。不是很痛，汗水流过的地方，就变成烂疮。更有肺中积热，六阳经热气上蒸，或者形成赤鼻（酒渣鼻）。更有或者是心、或者是肺、或者是胃，蕴藏热邪过极，逼迫血液妄行，上行干扰气道，而成为鼻衄（鼻出血）。更有温热之气，外部郁结在皮毛，内部应合太阴，所以三焦的火气，得以向上炎升，为鼻内生赘生物，像灶火向上燃烧，而结成煤块一样。又有胃中食积，热痰流注，所以上面生疔疮而鼻内生息肉，就像湿地得到热气而生出苔藓一样，治疗应当利膈去热，千万不要因为碍事而触动损伤，否则就会成为鼻痔了。更有脑病的，其症状有两种，如果流出清水且不痛的属于寒证；如果流出黄色臭水且痛的属于热证，时间久了不痊愈，就名叫脑漏，治疗方法应当内服清利胆热的药物，外部在囟会、通天两个穴位进行艾灸。
The nose is the orifice of the Lung. The *Classic* states: "Heavenly Qi communicates with the Lung." If there is no phlegm-fire or accumulated heat in the Lung and Stomach, then what normally ascends is all clear Qi. When the Lung system is diseased, the nose becomes obstructed; for instance, if heat pathogen is contracted but not dispersed, or if cold damage lingers and transforms into heat, both can cause nasal congestion and obstruction. If a healthy person has excessive nasal discharge, whether yellow, white, or blood-streaked, resembling pus, this is caused by Kidney deficiency and should not be treated with excessive cooling medicines. As for sneezing, it is the sound produced from the nose. To name it "sneeze," the *Classic* says: "This is when Yang Qi is harmonious and smooth, filling the Heart, and emerging from the nose, thus it is called sneezing." Sneezing while facing the sun occurs because Metal (Lung) fears Fire (Sun). Frequent sneezing due to wind-cold indicates fire stagnating in the Lung. Sneezing upon stimulating the nostrils occurs because metal only rings when struck. Furthermore, if wind pathogen lodges in the skin and hair, body fluids fail to be retained, leading to clear rhinorrhea and head pain as if sawed, named *Bi Qiu* (nasal congestion with clear discharge). Additionally, if Metal fails to generate Water, causing Yuan Yang deficiency and deficieny fire to ascend, dryness of the nose results. Another condition is *Bi Yuan* (sinusitis), characterized by incessant dripping of nasal discharge like a spring, hence the name. The *Classic* states: "This is Gallbladder transferring heat to the Brain." The Gallbladder meridian originates at the outer canthus, ascends to the face, and enters/connects with the brain. However, the Yangming meridian also flanks the nose, connects with the eyes, and binds alongside the Taiyang meridian. Now, due to brain heat, the Foot-Taiyang channel becomes rebellious, and together with the Yangming channel, both become vigorous, stagnating in the forehead. Thus, there is soreness and pain in the nose and forehead, with incessant nasal discharge. If cold pathogen is not fully resolved and deficient heat gradually intensifies, purulent nasal discharge accumulates, and the sense of smell is lost; this is named *Bi Shi* (nasal obstruction). If hot blood enters the face and is rebuffed by cold, turbidity stagnates, forming *Bi Zhi* (nasal polyps). This may also result from acne on the face with excessive fire in the Upper Jiao. If purple-red papular urticaria grows on the nose, it is named *Fei Feng* (Wind affecting the Lung). If damp-heat qi obstructs and forms internal heat, or due to Qi-type malnutrition (*Qi Gan*), sores that are wet, itchy, and ulcerated appear on both sides below the nose, it is named *Bi Gan* (nasal eczema/ulcer), commonly called nasal sore. It is not very painful; where sweat flows, rotten sores form. If there is accumulated heat in the Lung, with the Six Yang channels steaming upwards, red nose (*Chi Bi*, rosacea) may form. If Heart, Lung, or Stomach harbor excessive heat, forcing blood to move recklessly upwards interfering with the airway, epistaxis (*Bi Nu*) occurs. If warm-heat qi is externally constrained in the skin and internally corresponds to the Taiyin, the fire of the Three Burners can ascend, causing nasal excrescences, resembling coal formed from stove fire rising. If food stagnation in the Stomach generates hot phlegm that flows downward, boils may appear above while nasal polyps grow within, similar to moss growing on wet ground heated by warmth. Treatment should focus on clearing the diaphragm and removing heat; one must not disturb or injure them due to obstruction, otherwise they will become nasal polyps. Regarding brain diseases, there are two presentations: clear fluid flowing without pain indicates cold; yellow foul-smelling fluid flowing with pain indicates heat. If prolonged and unhealed, it is named *Nao Lou* (brain leakage/sinusitis). The treatment method involves internally administering herbs to clear and drain Gallbladder heat, and externally applying moxibustion to the Xunhui (GV22) and Tongtian (BL27) acupoints.