夫小儿草头之露，水上之泡，用药不可不慎也。然小儿之病多因脾胃娇嫩，乳食伤
积，痰火结滞而成。其症不一，举其尤者而言之。乳食伤胃，则为呕吐；伤脾则为泄
泻；吐泻既久，则成慢惊，或为肝病；乳食停积，则生湿痰；痰则生火，痰火交作，则
为急惊，或成喉痹；痰火结滞，则成痫吊，或为喘嗽。胎热胎寒者，禀受有病也；脐风
撮口者，胎元有毒也；鹅口口疮者，胃中湿热也；重舌木舌者，脾经实火也；胎惊夜啼
者，邪热乘心也；变蒸发热者，胎毒将散也。丹毒者，火行于外也；蕴热者，火积于
中也；中恶者，外邪乘也；睡惊者，内火动也；痢者，腹中食积也；症者，膈上痰结
也；外感发热者，鼻塞声重也；内伤发热者，口苦舌干也；心痛者，虫所啮也；疝痛
者，寒所郁也。积有常所，有形之血也。聚无定位，无形之气也。胃者主纳受也。脾者
主运化也。脾胃壮实，则四体安康，脾胃虚弱，则百病蜂起。为幼科者，可不以调理脾
胃为切要哉！
脐风者，由断脐之后，水洗失宜，以致水湿之气，流入心包络间，或当风解脱，为
风邪所袭，以致贯脏伤肠，脐突肿烂。身体重着，四肢柔直，多啼不乳，唇青口撮，而
出白沫，先撮口而渐成惊。即名脐风。若脐边紫黑，撮口不开，是为内搐不治，甚至啼
叫不止，脐边青黑弩出，胸翻项软，乳不通喉，四肢皆厥，寒噎诞生，口干内搐，爪甲
皆黑，握拳噤口，尤为死候也。更有热在胸膛，伸引弩气，亦令脐肿。若脐中不干，常
出青黄水者，此必初生有伤六腑耳，宜药掺之，但此时仅如血块，不可用脑麝之膏贴
之，并忌大寒大热之剂、盖肌肉未坚，脏腑柔脆，难以抵当耳！
脐风等症，须看上 ，如有白泡点子，须用银针轻轻试破，若有血出者，可愈。然
最危候，十难一二，能过一腊方愈，尤宜察色观容，不可鲁莽。假如额赤，知为心热，
鼻红知为肺热，左腮青知为肝有余，右腮白知为脾不足，颊白知为肾虚。有脐突可畏
者，是因在胎母多惊悸，或因过食热毒之物，致生之日，儿因胸膛有热，是以频频伸
引，呃呃作声，弩胀其气，抑入于中，故脐突耳。然脐为根本，风湿防护须严，一有所
失，则脐肿不干，久而作搐，入于经络，即成气项，并撮口脐风，皆为恶候，故宜预用
软绵包指，频拭口中牙根之上，有筋两条，便将竹刀轻轻剖断，以猪乳点之。又宜察看
脐上，一有赤脉直上，即于赤脉尽头之处，以灸三壮，此皆预防良法也。
一凡小儿落胎之时，视其脐软者，无脐风也。如脐硬直者，定有脐风，速宜预治。
小儿的生命如同草叶上的露珠、水面上的泡沫，用药必须极其谨慎。然而，小儿的疾病多因脾胃娇嫩，乳食损伤导致积滞，痰火凝结阻滞而形成。其症状不一一列举，仅就其中严重的情况加以说明。乳食损伤胃气，则出现呕吐；损伤脾气，则出现泄泻；吐泻时间长久，就会演变为慢惊风，或者发展为肝病；乳食停聚积滞，则产生湿痰；痰郁而生火，痰与火相互交作，则形成急惊风，或者演变为喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞）；痰火凝结阻滞，则形成痫吊（抽搐痉挛），或者表现为喘咳。胎热或胎寒，是先天禀赋带有病邪所致；脐风撮口，是胎元中带有毒邪所致；鹅口疮，是胃中湿热蕴结所致；重舌或木舌，是脾经实火炽盛所致；胎惊夜啼，是邪热侵犯心脏所致；变蒸发热，是胎毒即将发散的表现。丹毒，是火热之邪行于体表；蕴热，是火热之邪积聚于体内；中恶，是外邪乘虚侵袭；睡中惊悸，是内火妄动所致；痢疾，是腹中食积所致；症积，是膈上痰结所致；外感发热，表现为鼻塞声重；内伤发热，表现为口苦舌干；心痛，是虫类咬噬所致；疝痛，是寒气郁结所致。积是有固定位置、有形质的血瘀；聚是没有固定位置、无形质的气滞。胃的功能主要是受纳饮食；脾的功能主要是运化水谷。脾胃功能壮实，则四肢身体安康；脾胃功能虚弱，则各种疾病蜂拥而起。从事儿科的医生，怎能不把调理脾胃作为最关键的要点呢！
脐风，是在断脐之后，清洗护理不当，导致水湿之气流入心包络之间，或者在换衣时受风，被风邪所侵袭，从而导致邪气贯穿脏腑、损伤肠道，出现脐部突出、肿胀溃烂。身体沉重僵硬，四肢强直，哭闹不止且不吸吮乳汁，嘴唇发青、口唇收缩紧闭，流出白色泡沫，先出现撮口症状，逐渐发展为惊风。这就叫做脐风。如果脐周颜色紫黑，口唇紧闭无法张开，这是内搐证，属于难治之症；甚至出现啼叫不止，脐周青黑且向外努胀，胸部翻转、颈部软弱无力，乳汁无法通过喉咙进入食管，四肢厥冷，寒战噎塞，口干伴有内搐，指甲全部发黑，手握拳、牙关紧闭，这更是死证的征兆。更有甚者，热邪在胸膛，身体伸展引气，也会导致脐部肿胀。如果脐部一直不干，经常流出青黄色液体，这是因为初生时损伤了六腑，应当用药粉掺敷患处，但此时脐部仅像血块一样脆弱，不可使用含有冰片、麝香的膏药贴敷，并且要禁忌使用大寒大热的药物，因为婴儿肌肉尚未坚实，脏腑柔脆，难以承受药力！
治疗脐风等病症，必须观察脐部，如果有白色小泡点，需要用银针轻轻刺破，如果有血液流出，就可以治愈。然而病情最危重的，十个人中难得有一两个能活过一个月才痊愈，尤其需要仔细观察面色和神态，不可鲁莽行事。假如额头发红，知道是心热；鼻头发红，知道是肺热；左腮发青，知道是肝气有余；右腮发白，知道是脾气不足；两颊苍白，知道是肾虚。对于脐部突出令人担忧的情况，是因为胎儿在母体时母亲多有惊悸，或者孕妇过食热毒之物，导致出生之日，婴儿胸膛有热，因此频繁伸颈引气，发出呃呃的声音，气机弩胀并压抑入内，所以导致脐部突出。然而脐部是根本所在，风湿防护必须严格，一旦有所疏忽，就会导致脐部肿胀不干，日久引发抽搐，邪气进入经络，即成为角弓反张（气项），以及撮口、脐风，这些都是恶候，所以应当预先用软绵包裹手指，频繁擦拭婴儿牙龈上方，那里有两条筋脉，就用竹刀轻轻剖断，并用猪乳汁点涂。又应当观察脐部上方，一旦出现红色脉络直冲向上，就在红脉尽头之处，施灸三壮，这都是预防的良好方法。
The life of an infant is like dew on a blade of grass or a bubble on water; the use of medicinal substances must be extremely cautious. However, diseases in infants often arise because the Spleen and Stomach are delicate, leading to damage from milk and food causing accumulation, with Phlegm-Fire condensing and obstructing. The symptoms vary; here we discuss only the more severe ones. Damage to the Stomach by milk and food results in vomiting (Ou Tu); damage to the Spleen results in diarrhea (Xie Xie). Prolonged vomiting and diarrhea may develop into Slow Convulsion (Man Jing Feng) or evolve into Liver disease. Accumulation of milk and food generates Damp-Phlegm; Phlegm stagnation generates Fire. When Phlegm and Fire interact, it forms Acute Convulsion (Ji Jing Feng) or becomes Throat Bi (Hou Bi - swelling and obstruction of the throat). Condensation and obstruction by Phlegm-Fire lead to Epileptic Spasm (Xian Diao) or manifest as wheezing and coughing. Fetal Heat or Fetal Cold result from congenital endowment carrying pathogenic factors. Umbilical Wind (Qi Feng) with mouth contraction results from toxicity in the fetal origin. Goose-tongue ulcer (E Kou Chuang) results from Damp-Heat in the Stomach. Double tongue or wooden tongue result from Excess Fire in the Spleen meridian. Fetal惊 (Jing) and night crying result from Evil-Heat invading the Heart. Fever due to transformation and evaporation indicates that fetal toxin is about to dissipate. Erysipelas (Dan Du) indicates Fire moving externally; Retained Heat indicates Fire accumulating internally. Zhong-E (sudden collapse from external evil) occurs when external pathogens take advantage of deficiency. Sleep fright indicates internal Fire stirring. Dysentery results from food accumulation in the abdomen. Zheng accumulation results from Phlegm knotting above the diaphragm. External contraction fever presents with nasal congestion and heavy voice; Internal injury fever presents with bitter taste and dry tongue. Heart pain is caused by biting from parasites. Hernia pain is caused by Qi depression from Cold. Ji (accumulation) has a fixed location and is formed blood; Ju (gathering) has no fixed location and is formless Qi. The Stomach governs reception and ingestion; the Spleen governs transportation and transformation. If Spleen and Stomach functions are strong, the four limbs and body are healthy; if weak, myriad diseases arise. Practitioners of pediatrics cannot but regard regulating the Spleen and Stomach as the most crucial priority!
Umbilical Wind arises after cutting the umbilical cord, where improper washing allows dampness to enter the Pericardium Luo vessels, or exposure to wind during undressing allows Wind Pathogens to invade, causing pathogens to penetrate the Zang organs and damage the intestines, resulting in umbilical protrusion, swelling, and ulceration. The body feels heavy and stiff, limbs are rigid, crying incessantly without nursing, lips turn cyanotic, mouth contracts tightly, and white foam issues forth. It starts with mouth contraction and gradually develops into convulsions. This is named Umbilical Wind. If the area around the umbilicus turns purple-black, and the mouth cannot open, this is internal twitching (Nei Chu), which is difficult to treat. Even worse, incessant crying, umbilicus protruding with cyanotic-black color, chest flipping, neck softness, inability to swallow milk, cold extremities, chills and choking, dry mouth with internal twitching, black fingernails, clenched fists, and locked jaw are all signs of death. Furthermore, heat in the chest causing stretching and gasping can also cause umbilical swelling. If the umbilicus remains wet and constantly discharges yellow-green fluid, it indicates injury to the Six Fu organs at birth; medicated powder should be applied locally. However, at this stage, the umbilicus is fragile like a blood clot; pastes containing Borneol (Bing Pian) and Musk (She Xiang) must not be used, and formulas that are excessively cold or hot are contraindicated, as the muscles are not yet firm and the Zang-Fu are delicate, unable to withstand such potent drugs!
When treating Umbilical Wind and similar conditions, inspect the umbilicus. If white blister-like spots appear, gently puncture them with a silver needle. If blood flows out, recovery is possible. However, for the most critical cases, fewer than one or two in ten survive until one lunar month passes. One must carefully observe complexion and demeanor, acting with caution. For instance, a red forehead indicates Heart Heat; a red nose indicates Lung Heat; cyanosis on the left cheek indicates Liver excess; pallor on the right cheek indicates Spleen deficiency; pale cheeks indicate Kidney deficiency. Regarding umbilical protrusion, fear arises because the mother experienced frequent palpitations or fright during pregnancy, or consumed excessive heat-toxic foods, causing heat in the infant's chest at birth. This leads to frequent stretching and gasping sounds, forcing Qi inward, thus causing umbilical protrusion. Since the umbilicus is the root, protection against Wind-Damp must be strict. Any negligence leads to umbilical swelling and non-healing, eventually triggering convulsions as pathogens enter the meridians, resulting in Opisthotonos (Qi Xiang), mouth contraction, and Umbilical Wind, all of which are ominous signs. Therefore, one should preemptively wrap a finger in soft cotton, frequently wipe the upper gum line where two tendons exist, and gently sever these tendons with a bamboo knife, applying pig milk afterward. Also, inspect above the umbilicus; if red veins extend straight upward, apply three moxa cones at the tip of the red vein. These are excellent preventive methods.
Generally, upon delivery, if the umbilicus is soft, Umbilical Wind will not occur. If the umbilicus is hard and rigid, Umbilical Wind is certain, and preemptive treatment should be initiated immediately.