禀春温之气兼火土之化，味苦、甘，气温，有毒。入手太阴经，性润利而下行，味
苦温而散滞，温能解肌，苦能泄热，故外有发散祛邪之功，内有下气消痰之效。主咳逆
上气，奔豚惊痫，心下烦热，风气去来，解肌化痰喘促等症。双仁者有毒勿用。若去皮
尖消痰润肺，若发散连皮尖用。
杏仁，入肺，为利下之剂。散肺经之风寒，下喘嗽之气逆，消心下之急满，润大肠
之气秘，解锡毒有效，消狗肉如神，逐奔豚，杀虫疽、妇人阴蚀可纳。实，啖多目
瞀，伤筋骨伤神。叶，端午采收。煎汤洗眼止泪。根主堕胎，花治厥逆。有以杏仁栝蒌
并用，不知杏仁味辛从腠理中发散以去痰，故表虚者忌之，栝蒌性润，从肠胃中滑利以
除痰，故里虚者忌之，若痰热表里俱实者，并行而有功也。
主治（痘疹合参） 杏仁润心肺大肠，主喘嗽下气，散风寒痰结，宜去皮尖炒用。
然与桃仁俱通大便，但杏仁治气，桃仁治血。
花发于冬，成实于夏，得木气之全，故味最酸，所谓曲直作酸是也。胆为甲木，肝
为乙木，舌下有四窍，两通胆液、故食酸则津生也。《经》曰∶热伤气，邪客于胸中，
则气上逆而烦满，心为之不安。乌梅味酸，能敛浮热，吸气归元，故主下气，除热烦满
及安心也。下痢者，大肠虚脱也。好唾口干者，虚火上炎，津液不足也。酸能敛虚火，
化津液固肠脱，所以主之，其主肢体痛偏枯不仁者，盖湿气侵于经络，则筋脉弛纵或疼
痛不仁，肝主筋，酸入肝而养筋，肝得所养，则骨正筋柔，机关通利，而前症除矣。
其主去死肌，青黑痣恶肉者，白梅之功也。白梅味咸，咸能软坚故也，又能消痰醒睡止
霍乱，解酒毒，弘景云∶“生梅、乌梅、白梅功用相似，第乌梅较良，资用更多，然木
性喜升，发酸味敛束，是违其性之所喜也。《经》云∶酸走筋，筋病无多食酸，及病当
发散者，咸忌之，《鬼遗方》蚀恶疮 肉，用乌梅肉，烧为灰敷上一夜，立尽。赤痢腹
痛，乌梅肉黄连各四两，蜜丸梧子大，每米饮下二十丸，日三服。治劳疟，用乌梅十四
杖，豆豉二合，甘草三寸，生姜一块，童便二升，煎去一半温服即止。
乌梅，收敛肺气，生津止嗽，解渴除烦，涩肠止泻，伤寒温疟，休息久痢，便血
血痢，安蛔厥而止虫痛，去黑痣而蚀恶 肉。白梅捣敷恶毒，治妇人乳痈最效，痰厥
僵仆，擦牙关紧闭即开，叶煮汁服，久痢亦除。
主治（痘疹合参） 梅花，味甘微酸，气平无毒，能发痘解毒，以其先得万物生发气也。
杏仁禀受春季温煦之气，兼有火、土二行的化育作用，味道苦、甘，药性温，具有毒性。归入手太阴肺经，性质滋润滑利而趋向下行，味苦性温能疏散气机郁滞，其温性能解除肌表之邪，苦性能清泄内热，因此对外有发散祛邪的功效，对内有益气消痰的作用。主治咳嗽气逆上冲，奔豚病（气从少腹上冲心胸）、惊痫，心下烦热，风气往来不定，以及解肌化痰、缓解气喘急促等症状。双仁的杏仁有毒，不可使用。若要去除痰浊、润肺止咳，需去皮去尖；若要发散表邪，则连皮带尖一起使用。
杏仁入肺经，属于通利下行的方剂。能疏散肺经的风寒，降逆平喘止咳，消除心下的急迫胀满，润燥通便以缓解大肠气秘，对解除锡毒有效，消化狗肉积滞效果神奇，驱逐奔豚气，治疗杀虫疽、妇人阴部蚀烂可纳入患处。实证患者若食用过多，会导致视物模糊，损伤筋骨和精神。叶在端午时节采收，煎汤洗眼可止泪。根主要作用是堕胎，花治疗厥逆证。有人将杏仁与栝蒌并用，却不知杏仁味辛，从腠理中发散以祛除痰浊，所以表虚者忌用；栝蒌性质滋润，从肠胃中滑利以除痰，所以里虚者忌用。若是痰热且表里俱实的证候，两者合用反而能发挥功效。
主治（结合痘疹理论）：杏仁能滋润心肺和大肠，主治气喘咳嗽、降气，疏散风寒痰结，适宜去皮尖后炒制使用。然而杏仁与桃仁都能通大便，只是杏仁主治气分病变，桃仁主治血分病变。
乌梅花朵在冬季开放，果实夏季成熟，得木气之全备，所以味道最酸，这就是所谓的“曲直作酸”。胆属甲木，肝属乙木，舌下有四个窍道，两个通向胆液，所以吃酸味食物时唾液会分泌。《内经》说：热邪伤气，邪气客居胸中，导致气机上逆而烦闷胀满，心脏因此不安。乌梅味酸，能收敛浮越之热，使吸气回归本源，所以主治下气，消除热烦胀满及安心神。下痢是由于大肠虚脱所致。喜欢流口水、口干，是虚火上炎、津液不足的表现。酸味能收敛虚火，化生津液，固涩肠道滑脱，所以乌梅主治这些症状。乌梅主治肢体疼痛、偏枯麻木不仁，是因为湿气侵袭经络，导致筋脉弛缓或疼痛麻木，肝主筋，酸味入肝而养筋，肝得到滋养，则骨骼端正、筋脉柔和，关节通畅，之前的病症自然消除。乌梅主治去除死肌、青黑色痣和恶肉，这其实是白梅的功效。白梅味咸，咸味能软坚散结，又能消痰、醒神、止霍乱，解酒毒。陶弘景说：“生梅、乌梅、白梅功用相似，只是乌梅效果更好，应用更多。然而木性喜升发，酸味主收敛束缚，这是违背了木性所喜的特性。”《内经》说：酸走筋，筋病不宜多食酸，以及病情应当发散时，应忌用酸味。《鬼遗方》中治疗恶疮腐肉，用乌梅肉烧成灰敷贴一夜，腐肉立即脱落。赤痢腹痛，用乌梅肉、黄连各四两，蜜丸如梧子大，每次米饮送服二十丸，每日三次。治疗劳疟，用乌梅十四枚，豆豉二合，甘草三寸，生姜一块，童便二升，煎至一半量，温服即止。
乌梅能收敛肺气，生津止嗽，解渴除烦，涩肠止泻，用于伤寒、温疟、休息痢、久痢、便血、血痢，安蛔虫、治厥逆、止虫痛，去除黑痣、腐蚀恶肉。白梅捣碎外敷治疗恶毒疮疡，治疗妇人乳痈效果极佳。痰厥导致僵仆倒地，擦牙关紧闭者可使其张开。叶煮汁服用，久痢也可消除。
Xingren (Apricot Seed) inherits the warming Qi of spring and combines with the transformation of Fire and Earth. Its taste is bitter and sweet, its nature is warm, and it is toxic. It enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Its nature is moistening, lubricating, and descending. Its bitter-warm taste disperses stagnation; warmth can release the muscle layer, and bitterness can drain heat. Therefore, externally it has the merit of dissipating and expelling pathogens, and internally it has the effect of directing Qi downward and eliminating phlegm. It primarily treats cough with counterflow Qi, Ben Tun (a condition where Qi rushes from the lower abdomen to the chest), epilepsy due to fright, vexilation and heat in the epigastrium, fluctuating wind-pathogens, and symptoms such as releasing the muscle layer, resolving phlegm, and relieving panting. Xingren with two kernels are toxic and should not be used. If the goal is to eliminate phlegm and moisten the lungs, remove the skin and tips; if the goal is to dissipate exterior pathogens, use them with skin and tips intact.
Xingren enters the Lung meridian and belongs to agents that promote downward movement. It dissipates Wind-Cold in the Lung meridian, directs rebellious Qi downward to stop panting and coughing, eliminates urgent fullness in the epigastrium, moistens the Large Intestine to relieve Qi constipation, effectively resolves Tin toxicity, miraculously digests dog meat, drives out Ben Tun, and treats insect ulcers and vaginal erosion in women by insertion. In excess conditions, consuming too much causes visual blurring, damaging sinews, bones, and spirit. The leaves are harvested on the Dragon Boat Festival; decocted in water and washed on the eyes to stop tearing. The root primarily induces abortion; the flower treats Jue Ni (cold extremities/reversal). Some practitioners combine Xingren with Gualou (Trichosanthes Fruit), unaware that Xingren, being pungent, dissipates from the interstices to remove phlegm, thus it is contraindicated in patients with deficient exterior; Gualou is moistening and lubricates the intestines and stomach to remove phlegm, thus it is contraindicated in patients with deficient interior. However, in cases of Phlegm-Heat with both exterior and interior excess, using them together yields efficacy.
Main Indications (Integrated with Smallpox/Rash Theory): Xingren moistens the Heart, Lungs, and Large Intestine, primarily treating panting, coughing, and directing Qi downward; it dissipates Wind-Cold and Phlegm accumulation. It should be used after removing the skin and tips and stir-frying. Although both Xingren and Taoren (Peach Kernel) unblock the bowels, Xingren treats Qi disorders, while Taoren treats Blood disorders.
The flowers bloom in winter, and the fruit matures in summer, possessing the complete Wood Qi, hence its taste is most sour, as described: "Curved and straight produce sourness." The Gallbladder is Jia-Wood, and the Liver is Yi-Wood. There are four orifices under the tongue, two connecting to the Gallbladder fluid; therefore, eating sour substances generates saliva. The Classics state: "Heat damages Qi; when evil lodges in the chest, Qi rebels upward causing vexation and fullness, making the Heart uneasy." Wumei (Dark Plum) is sour and can restrain floating Heat, guiding inhalation back to the Origin, thus it primarily directs Qi downward, eliminates heat-induced vexation and fullness, and calms the Spirit. Dysentery results from the deficiency and collapse of the Large Intestine. Excessive salivation and dry mouth indicate Deficient Fire flaming upward and insufficient Body Fluids. Sourness can restrain Deficient Fire, transform Body Fluids, and secure intestinal collapse, which is why it is indicated for these conditions. Regarding its treatment of limb pain, hemiplegia, and numbness: this is because Dampness invading the meridians causes sinews and vessels to relax or become painful and numb. The Liver governs the sinews; sourness enters the Liver and nourishes the sinews. When the Liver is nourished, bones align, sinews soften, joints move freely, and previous symptoms resolve. Its ability to remove dead flesh, black moles, and malignant growths is actually the function of Baimei (White Plum). Baimei is salty; saltiness softens hardness. It also eliminates phlegm, awakens consciousness, stops cholera, and resolves alcohol toxicity. Hongjing stated: "Raw plum, Wumei, and Baimei have similar functions, but Wumei is superior and more widely used. However, Wood nature likes ascending, while sour taste restricts and gathers, which goes against its preferred nature." The Classics say: "Sour travels to the sinews; in Sinew diseases, do not eat much sour. Also, when the disease requires dissipation, avoid sour." In the *Guiyi Fang*, to erode malignant sores and flesh, Wumei flesh is burned to ash and applied overnight, causing immediate detachment. For bloody dysentery with abdominal pain, use four liang each of Wumei flesh and Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), honey-pilled to the size of wu zi seeds, taken twenty pills at a time with rice drink, three times daily. To treat Labor Malaria, use fourteen Wumei, two he of Douchi (Fermented Soybeans), three cun of Gancao (Licorice Root), one piece of Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), and two sheng of Tongbian (Child's Urine); decoct until half remains, take warm, and it will stop.
Wumei converges Lung Qi, generates fluids, stops coughing, relieves thirst, eliminates vexation, astringes the intestines to stop diarrhea, treats Typhoid, Warm Malaria, intermittent long-term dysentery, blood in stool, and bloody dysentery, calms Ascaris, treats Jue Ni, stops worm pain, removes black moles, and erodes malignant flesh. Baimei mashed and applied externally treats malignant toxins and is highly effective for treating Breast Abscess in women. For Phlegm-Jue leading to stiff collapse, rubbing the teeth can open a locked jaw. Decoction of leaves taken orally eliminates long-term dysentery.
Main Indications (Integrated with Smallpox/Rash Theory): Meihua (Plum Blossom) has a sweet and slightly sour taste, neutral nature, and is non-toxic. It can erupt rashes and resolve toxicity because it receives the generating Qi of all things first.