教子第一方。
菖蒲（去毛） 远志（甘草水煮去心，各一两） 白茯神 巴戟天（水煮去心，各五
钱） 人参 地骨皮（各三钱） 为末，用白茯苓二两，糯米二两，共为粉，用石菖蒲三
钱，煎浓汤去渣，打糊为丸，每食后午时临睡，各服三五十丸。
安神定志，和血治健忘。
熟地 天冬 丹参（各一两五钱） 茯苓 甘草（各一两） 远志 人参（各五钱） 麦冬（二两）
为末，蜜丸桐子大，朱砂为衣，每服五十丸，白汤下。
疟者，《内经》谓 疟；《灵枢》名岁露。有寒疟、温疟、瘅疟，种种不同。《经》
曰∶ 疟皆生于风，不过言其一端耳。然风寒暑湿，邪自外来，饮食居处，邪由内作，
始发也，毫毛伸欠，身体拘急，寒栗鼓颔，寒去未几，内外皆热，头痛如破，渴欲饮
冷，《经》所谓阴阳相移也。有因夏伤于暑，热气盛藏于皮肤之内，舍于荣气之中，因得
秋气，汗出遇风，暑热既伏于荣，风寒又居于卫，遂闭其汗，而不得出。然荣专在内，
无自而发，卫行于外，二邪随之以出入焉。卫气昼行于阳，邪气得而外出，此疟之所以
发也。夜行于阴，邪气得而内入，此疟之所以蓄也。凡阴阳不可相离，惟有病者，阳气
上行，阴气下行，行极则返，则阴阳遇而相争，故《经》曰∶阴阳上下交争此也。疟
之始发，阳并于阴，阴实则三阳虚，阳虚则外寒，阴实则内寒，故寒栗鼓颔，中外皆
寒，阳火不能温骨寒而痛，由是阴气逆极，同并于阳，是以外之阳气实，而内之阴气
虚，阳盛则外热，阴虚则内热，中外皆热，故发喘而渴，急欲饮冷，冰水不能寒。然有
间日而发者，邪气内搏于五脏，横连募原，与卫气其道远，其行迟，卫气每日独发于
外，阴邪附着于内，独发者其行速，内着者其发难，是以间日一发耳。自始作之后，日
晏一日，而至后日早一日者，邪初客于风府，自项脊循膂下行，日下一节，风府者，
在于项上，项骨有三椎，下至尾 骨，共计二十四节，凡卫一日一夜，行五十度已毕，
次日则复出于足太阳经之睛明穴，上至于顶，转行后项，大会于风府，疟之始发也。
邪在风府，卫至风府，邪随卫出而病作，其后也。邪自风府日下一节，与风府相远，不
得与卫气同作，卫气行至邪舍，邪始得随卫气而发焉。是以日晏一日也。至二十五日，
邪已下至尾 骨而行毕，则入脊内，注于伏膂之脉，从肾上贯肝膈，上行缺盆之中，其
气日高，能随卫气而出，故较之于前而日早耳。有间数日而发，或渴或不渴者，是邪气
深客于内，不得随卫气以出，故至间数日而发耳。其有渴或不渴者，阴并于阳，则阳胜
而热甚故渴，阳并于阴，则阴胜而热不甚，故不渴也。有每日根据期而至，忽乃错乱无
定，或早或晏者，是正气稍复，邪无容地，而疟将好也。然《经》曰∶夏伤于暑，秋必
疟；又曰∶此应四时者也。冬日为疟者，冬气严冽，阳气伏藏，不与寒争，故寒必不
甚。秋时病疟者，清气已凉，阳气下降，热藏肌肤，热极则寒，故其寒也，必甚。春日
病疟者，春气温和，阳气外泄，腠里开发、故必恶风。夏日病疟者，暑热熏蒸，律液外
泄，故必多汗。有先寒后热者，因先伤于寒，后伤于风，寒气属阴，风气属阳，先感
阴气而后感阳，故先寒后热，以寒为病机，故《经》名寒疟，先热后寒者，因先伤于
风，后感于寒，先感阳而后感阴，故先热后寒，以风为病机，故名温疟。但热而不寒
者，是阳气盛而独发，故但热不寒也。此表
里俱热，令人消烁肌肉，故《经》谓阐疟。痰疟者，因乘凉饮冷，饥饱失时，当风卧
湿，脾胃不和，化而为痰，存积中脘，遇感乃发，故又名湿疟。牝疟者，寒多热微，
或竟寒不热，瘴疟者，乍寒乍热乍有乍无，疫疟者，一岁之间，长幼均似，鬼疟者，
梦寐不详，多生恐怖，本因脾虚感袭，实非鬼疫致邪，然世以符咒压之而愈者，盖
疟因脾虚，而脾主信，符咒之佩身，则心有所恃，脾有所信，中气一壮，外邪自解。
劳疟者，经年不瘥，前后复发，结成 癖，一名疟母，此因治之失宜，营卫亏损，邪伏肝经，
胁下有块，此症当以补虚为要，若徒以攻块为事，多致不救。虚疟者，正气虚极，邪乘
虚袭，必先参术托住正气，毋使下陷也。然经虽有五脏疟，及胆胃膀胱疟之分，总在半
表半里，属少阳一经，而脾胃为之主，气虚者多发于昼，血虚者多发于夜，气血俱虚
者，昼夜并作也。治疟大法，无汗者要有汗，散邪为主而带补，有汗者要无汗，扶正
为主而带散，若过汗之，则大耗津液，变生别病，故必察其邪之浅深，证之阴阳，令其
自阴而阳，自脏而腑，由晏而早，散而越之，邪去则安，更有老疟并夜发者，是邪客
阴分，当用血分药内加升提，引出阳分，方与散截为宜，凡在阳分者易治，阴分者难
疗，有恶饮食干，必自饮食而得，可与消导为妙，若胃伤恶食，脉虚无力者，又以温补
为功，总有余者泻之，不足者补之。《经》曰∶方其盛时必毁，因其衰也，事必大昌，
盖以邪气正盛，治而泻之，则必毁伤真气，不若因邪气已衰，而补其经气，则邪气自
退，故必大昌，丹溪所言三日一发者，受病一年，二日一发者，受病半年，一日一发日
者，受病一月，亦不过言受病之深浅耳，邪受浅者，病在三阳，邪随卫气出入，而一日
一作，深者病在三阴，不能随卫气并出，或间日，或三四日而一作，作愈迟者，病愈深
也。得之于暑月者十有七八，盖因时当中表气虚，水谷停聚，为痰饮于胸胁矣，风暑入内，
血液稽留于经络矣，夏时毛窍疏通而不为病，秋气收敛表邪，不能发越，故进退不已，往来寒
热，势如凌疟人之状，所以名疟，人之荣卫，昼行阳，脊与背也。夜行阴，胸与腹也。行至
病所而不通，乃作寒战，中外如冰，此寒气发于内也。寒已而内外皆热，此邪火盛于外也。
寒多热少，宜豁痰开郁发散，热多寒少，宜清热补虚，而兼发散，总以理脾保土为主，而
青皮槟榔之类，不可久用也。发在夏至后，处暑前者此三阳受病，伤之浅者，近而暴也。
发在处暑后，冬至前者，此三阴受病，伤之重者，远而深也。
自子至巳属阳，自午至亥属阴，卫虚则先寒，荣虚则先热，然疟本暑邪，法当解
肌，且有无痰不成疟，无食不成疟之语，或当消导、然更莫不由于中气不足而得，若
元气先虚之人，误投破气克伐之药，则中气虚而愈虚，不但邪不得解，势反内陷，必便
脓血，多成腹胀，驯至不救，往往而是。
世间似疟非疟者多，奈何一见寒热往来，便以截疟丹一截，不止则再截，止而复
发复截，以致委顿，或因而致毙。《经》曰∶阳虚则恶寒，阴虚则恶热，阴气上人于阳中
则恶寒，阳气下陷于阴中则恶热，凡伤寒后，大病后，产后，痨瘵等症，俱有往来寒
热似疟，甚或一日二三度发者，并作虚治，但有阳虚阴虚之别，阳虚者补阳，如理中汤、
六君子汤、补中益气汤加姜桂，甚则加附子，诸方中必用升柴，以提出阴中之阳，水升火降而
愈，医书中有论及者矣。至于阴虚者，其寒热亦与正疟无异，而阴疟中又在真阴真阳之分，
人所不知，《经》曰∶昼见夜伏，夜见昼止，按时而发，是无水也。昼见夜伏，夜见昼止，
倏忽往来，时作时止，是无火也。无水者壮水之主，以镇阳光，六味汤主之，无火者益火
之原，以消阴翳，八味汤主之，世人患久疟而不愈者，非疟不可
愈，乃治之不如法也。
风与暑，阳邪也。寒与水，阴邪也。然风为阳中之凉气，暑为热中之寒邪，合是四
者而言，无非皆属乎寒，故俗呼为脾寒病，谓寒邪客于肌肉之间，而脾应肉也。及疟之
将发，必先手足厥冷，以脾主四肢也。《经》言暑者，言时气也。寒者言病气也。虽邪气
自浅而深，郁寒成热，然终不免寒为本，热为标耳。久而不解，纵实必虚，非大补真
气，大健脾胃，不得瘳也。疟发必有寒有热，盖外邪伏于半表半里，正在少阳所主之
界，出与阳争，阴胜则寒，入与阴争，阳胜则热，即纯热无寒为瘅疟、温疟，纯寒无热
为牝疟，要皆自少阳而造其极偏，故补偏救弊，亦必还返少阳之界，使阴阳协和而后愈
也。谓少阳而兼他经则有之，谓他经而不涉少阳则不成其为疟矣。少阳乃东方甲木之
象，故其脉自首尾轻重，总不离乎弦也。疟之不离少阳，犹咳之不离于肺也。然疟有因
水，有因血者，惟水饮所以作寒热，惟瘀血所以憎寒热，故用常山能遂水也。若是血
症，宜加当归、桃仁行血之品为佐，盖疟昼发属气，夜发属血，《保命集》云，疟夜发
者，乃邪气深远，而入血分，为阴经有邪，宜加桃仁于桂麻汤中，发散血中之风寒。
李士材曰，常山生用多用则吐，与甘草同用亦吐，若酒浸炒透，但用钱许，每见奇
功，未见其或吐也。世人泥于老人久病忌服之说，使良药见疑，沉 难起，抑何愚耶？
时珍曰∶常山蜀漆，劫痰截疟，须在发散表邪，及提出阳分之后，用之得宜，其效如
神，然疟药每以黄昏煎好，露一宿，五更时温服者，以疟为暑邪，凡暑得露则散也。
《医贯》云∶有渴甚者，发时饮汤不绝，以六味丸一料，纳肉桂一两，水煎探冷，连
进代茶，遂熟睡，渴止而热愈。又有恶寒恶热如疟无异，面赤如脂，口渴不甚，吐痰如
涌，身以上热如烙，膝以下自觉冷，此真阳泛上，肾虚之极，急以附子八味地黄汤，大
剂冷冻饮料而热退，继以人参建中汤调理。截者。堵截也。兵精粮足，冠至方可堵截，壮
盛之体，三四发后，疟势少减，可以截之，其虚弱之人，始终不能截也。误截因致腹胀
别病，不可不慎，即服药亦有避忌，疟将来，可服药阻其来，将退，可服药追其去，
若疟势正盛，服药与之混战，徒自苦耳。至于多热而久不解者，其人必本阴虚，法当益
阴除热，非生鳖甲、牛膝不能除也。多寒而久不解者，其人必本阳虚，非参 白术，甚
至桂附不能除也。凡久疟不止，乃属元气虚寒，盖气虚则寒，血虚则热，胃虚则恶寒，
脾虚则发热，阴火下流，则寒热交作，或吐涎不食，泄泻腹痛，手足厥冷，寒战如栗，
若投以清脾截疟二饮，多致危殆，惟人参煨姜各一两煎汤，于发前三时服，或发日五更
连进一剂，无不愈者。无力服参者，气虚，以白术代之。血虚以当归代之，或人参、常
山各五钱同炒，去常山，以人参煎汤，未发前服亦效，故曰∶脉实症实，攻邪以治标，
脉虚症虚，补正以治本，疟者风寒暑湿之邪，为外感三阳经病也。奈严氏有无痰不作
疟之论，夫痰本人身之津液，随邪之所在，而成病之名，若指痰为疟之本，反以疟为痰
之标，则疟将已矣，痰匿何所？疟将作也。痰发何经？痰胡为而既己，其病胡为而复发
其病，可见痰之因于疟，非疟之因于痰，更非因痰以致疟也，明矣。独不观诸《经》
曰∶疟者，阴阳更胜也。阴胜则寒，阳胜则热；又曰∶阳盛则热，阳虚则寒，疟者虐
也。阴阳既失其调，复当疟症凌虐，况更有脾胃虚极，木来侮土者，有久疟伤阴，壮热
不已者，若因痰主见为治，投以燥裂克削吐痰截疟之法，危亡立至矣。
这是教育子女的第一方。
石菖蒲（去除毛须） 远志（用甘草水煮后去除心，各一两） 白茯神 巴戟天（用水煮后去除心，各五钱） 人参 地骨皮（各三钱），研磨成粉末。用白茯苓二两、糯米二两，共同磨成粉，再用石菖蒲三钱煎煮浓汤去渣，以此药汁打糊制作成丸药。在每餐饭后、中午时分以及临睡前，各服用三五十丸。
具有安神定志、调和血液、治疗健忘的功效。
熟地黄 天门冬 丹参（各一两五钱） 茯苓 甘草（各一两） 远志 人参（各五钱） 麦冬（二两），研磨成粉末，用蜂蜜制成梧桐子大小的蜜丸，以朱砂为衣。每次服用五十丸，用温开水送服。
疟疾，《内经》称为“疟”，《灵枢》称为“岁露”。有寒疟、温疟、瘅疟等多种不同类型。《内经》说：“疟疾皆由风邪引起”，这不过是说了其中一方面罢了。然而风寒暑湿等邪气从外侵入，饮食起居不当则邪气从内而生。疾病初发时，毫毛竖起，身体拘急，寒战咬牙，寒冷过后不久，内外都发热，头痛剧烈如破裂感，口渴想喝冷水，《内经》所说的阴阳相互转移就是这种情况。有的因为夏季感受暑邪，热气盛极藏于皮肤之内，潜伏在荣气之中，到了秋季，出汗时遇到风邪，暑热既已伏藏在荣分，风寒又居于卫分，于是闭塞汗孔，导致汗液无法排出。荣气专行于体内，没有途径自行发出；卫气行于体表，两种邪气随之出入。卫气白天行于阳分，邪气得以随之外出，这就是疟疾发作的原因；夜晚行于阴分，邪气得以随之内入，这就是疟邪蓄积的原因。大凡阴阳不可分离，只有患病时，阳气上行，阴气下行，运行到极点则返回，此时阴阳相遇而相争，所以《内经》说：“阴阳上下交争”指的就是这个。疟疾刚开始发作时，阳气并入阴分，阴实则三阳经虚，阳虚则体表恶寒，阴实则体内恶寒，所以出现寒战咬牙，内外皆寒，阳气之火不能温暖骨骼，因而疼痛，由此阴气逆乱至极，一同并入阳分，因此体表的阳气实，体内的阴气虚，阳盛则体表发热，阴虚则体内发热，内外皆热，所以出现气喘和口渴，急切想喝冷水，甚至冰水也不能使其感到凉爽。有的隔日发作一次，是因为邪气内迫五脏，横连募原，与卫气的运行道路遥远，其行进迟缓，卫气每天独自向外发散，阴邪附着在内，独自发散者其行速，内部附着者其发作难，所以是隔日发作一次。自从开始发病后，发作时间一天比一天晚，直到后来一天比前一天早，这是因为邪气最初客居在风府穴，从项部脊柱向下行走，每天下降一节，风府穴位于项上，项骨有三椎，下至尾骨，共计二十四节，卫气一日一夜运行五十周次完毕，次日则重新出于足太阳膀胱经的睛明穴，向上到达头顶，转行向后项，大会于风府，这是疟疾开始发作的时候。邪气在风府，卫气行至风府，邪气随卫气外出而病作，这是后来的情况。邪气自风府每天下降一节，与风府相距变远，不能与卫气同时发作，卫气行至邪气所在之处，邪气才得随卫气而发作。所以发作时间一天比一天晚。到了第二十五日，邪气已下行至尾骨并走完一遍，则进入脊内，注入伏膂之脉，从肾脏向上贯穿肝脏膈肌，上行至缺盆之中，其气日益升高，能随卫气而出，所以比起之前发作时间一天比一天早。有的间隔数日才发作，或者口渴或者不口渴，这是邪气深伏于内，不能随卫气而出，所以要等到间隔数日才发作。至于有口渴或不口渴的情况，阴气并入阳气，则阳气胜而热甚，所以口渴；阳气并入阴气，则阴气胜而热不甚，所以不渴。有的每日按时发作，忽然变得错乱无定，或早或晚，这是正气稍复，邪气无处容身，疟疾将要痊愈的表现。然而《内经》说：“夏季伤于暑气，秋季必定患疟疾”；又说：“这与四时气候相应。”冬季患疟疾的人，冬季气候严酷凛冽，阳气伏藏，不与寒气相争，所以寒冷必然不严重。秋季患疟疾的人，清气已经凉冷，阳气下降，热邪藏于肌肤，热极则生寒，所以其寒冷必然很严重。春季患疟疾的人，春天气候温和，阳气外泄，腠理开发，所以必定怕风。夏季患疟疾的人，暑热熏蒸，津液外泄，所以必定多汗。有的先冷后热，是因为先伤于寒，后伤于风，寒气属阴，风气属阳，先感受阴气而后感受阳气，所以先冷后热，以寒为病机，所以《内经》命名为寒疟；先热后冷的，是因为先伤于风，后感于寒，先感受阳气而后感受阴气，所以先热后冷，以风为病机，所以命名为温疟。只发热而不寒冷的，是阳气盛而单独发作，所以只热不寒。这是表里俱热，使人肌肉消瘦，所以《内经》称之为瘅疟。痰疟，是因为乘凉饮冷，饥饱失时，当风卧湿，导致脾胃不和，化而为痰，存积在中脘，遇到诱因便发作，所以又名湿疟。牝疟，是寒冷多而发热轻微，或者竟只有寒冷而没有发热。瘴疟，是忽冷忽热，忽有忽无。疫疟，是一岁之间，无论长幼都症状相似。鬼疟，是梦境不详，多产生恐怖感，本因脾虚感受外邪侵袭，实际上并非鬼疫致邪，然而世间有人通过符咒镇压而痊愈的，大概是因为疟疾因脾虚而起，而脾主信，佩戴符咒，则心有所依靠，脾有所信任，中气一壮，外邪自然解除。劳疟，是经年不愈，前后复发，结成癖块，一名疟母，这是因为治疗不当，营卫亏损，邪气伏留肝经，胁下有肿块，此症应当以补虚为要务，如果只以攻逐肿块为事，多会导致不治。虚疟，是正气极度虚弱，邪气乘虚侵袭，必须先用人参、白术托住正气，不要使其下陷。虽然经文虽有五脏疟，及胆胃膀胱疟的区分，总归在半表半里，属于少阳一经，而脾胃为其主宰，气虚者多发生于白天，血虚者多发生于夜晚，气血俱虚者，昼夜都会发作。治疗疟疾的大法，无汗的要令其有汗，以散邪为主兼带补益；有汗的要令其无汗，以扶正为主兼带散邪。如果过汗，则会大量耗损津液，变生其他疾病，所以必须观察邪气的浅深，证候的阴阳，使其自阴而阳，自脏而腑，由晚而早，发散而越出，邪气去除则平安。更有老疟且夜间发作的，是邪气客居阴分，应当使用血分药内加升提之品，引出阳分，这才适合发散截疟。凡是在阳分的容易治疗，阴分的难以疗治。有厌恶饮食干硬食物的，必定是从饮食而来，可以用消导法治疗；如果是胃受伤而厌恶饮食，脉象虚弱无力的，又以温补为功效。总之有余的泻之，不足的补之。《内经》说：“当其邪气正盛时治疗必会毁坏正气，因其邪气已衰时治疗，事情必定大吉”，大概是因为邪气正盛时，治疗若用泻法，则必会毁伤真气，不如趁邪气已衰，补益经气，则邪气自然消退，所以必定大吉。丹溪所说：三日一发者，受病一年；二日一发者，受病半年；一日一发者，受病一月，也不过是说受病的深浅而已。邪气受病浅的，病在三阳，邪气随卫气出入，所以一日一作；深的病在三阴，不能随卫气并出，或间日，或三四日而一作，发作越迟，病越深。得之于暑月的占十之七八，大概因为时令当中表气虚，水谷停聚，化为痰饮于胸胁，风暑入内，血液稽留于经络，夏季时毛窍疏通而不发病，秋气收敛表邪，不能发越，所以进退不已，往来寒热，势如凌虐疟疾之人状，所以名为疟。人的荣卫，白天行于阳分，即脊与背；夜晚行于阴分，即胸与腹。行至病所而不通，乃作寒战，内外如冰，这是寒气发于内。寒退后内外皆热，这是邪火盛于外。寒多热少，宜豁痰开郁发散；热多寒少，宜清热补虚，兼带发散。总以理脾保土为主，而青皮、槟榔之类，不可久用。发在夏至后、处暑前的，是三阳经受病，伤之浅者，近而暴烈。发在处暑后、冬至前的，是三阴经受病，伤之重者，远而深沉。
自子时至巳时属阳，自午时至亥时属阴，卫气虚则先冷，荣气虚则先热。然而疟疾本是暑邪，治法应当解肌，且有“无痰不成疟，无食不成疟”的说法，或许应当消导，但更无不由于中气不足而得的。如果元气先虚之人，误投破气克伐的药物，则中气更虚，不但邪气不得解除，势头反而内陷，必然导致便脓血，多成腹胀，逐渐发展到不治，往往如此。
世间类似疟疾而非疟疾的情况很多，奈何一见寒热往来，就用截疟丹强行截断，不止则再截，止了又发又截，以致身体委顿，或者因此致死。《内经》说：“阳虚则恶寒，阴虚则恶热，阴气上人于阳中则恶寒，阳气下陷于阴中则恶热。”凡是伤寒后、大病后、产后、痨瘵等症，都有往来寒热似疟，甚至一日发作二三次的，都作为虚证治疗，但有阳虚阴虚的区别。阳虚者补阳，如理中汤、六君子汤、补中益气汤加姜桂，严重时加附子，诸方中必用升麻、柴胡，以提出阴中之阳，使水升火降而痊愈，医书中已有论述。至于阴虚者，其寒热也与正疟无异，而在阴疟中又在真阴真阳之分，世人不知。《内经》说：“昼见夜伏，夜见昼止，按时而发，是无水也。”“昼见夜伏，夜见昼止，倏忽往来，时作时止，是无火也。”无水者壮水之主，以镇阳光，用六味丸主治；无火者益火之原，以消阴翳，用八味丸主治。世人患久疟而不愈的，不是疟疾不可愈，而是治疗不得法。
风与暑，是阳邪。寒与水，是阴邪。然而风为阳中之凉气，暑为热中之寒邪，合这四者而言，无非皆属于寒，所以俗呼为脾寒病，谓寒邪客于肌肉之间，而脾应肉。及疟疾将要发作时，必先手足厥冷，因为脾主四肢。《内经》言暑，是指时气；言寒，是指病气。虽然邪气自浅而深，郁寒成热，但最终不免寒为本，热为标。久而不解，纵然实证必转虚，非大补真气，大健脾胃，不能痊愈。疟疾发作必有寒有热，盖外邪伏于半表半里，正在少阳所主的界限，出与阳争，阴胜则寒，入与阴争，阳胜则热。即纯热无寒为瘅疟、温疟，纯寒无热为牝疟，都要从少阳而造其极偏，所以补偏救弊，也必须还返少阳的界限，使阴阳协和而后痊愈。谓少阳而兼他经则有之，谓他经而不涉少阳则不成其为疟了。少阳乃东方甲木之象，所以其脉自首尾轻重，总不离乎弦脉。疟疾不离少阳，犹咳嗽不离于肺一样。然而疟疾有因水饮，有因瘀血的，惟有水饮所以作寒热，惟有瘀血所以憎寒热，所以用常山能祛除水饮。若是血症，宜加当归、桃仁行血之品为佐使。盖疟疾白天发作属气，夜晚发作属血，《保命集》云：疟疾夜间发作，乃是邪气深远，而入血分，为阴经有邪，宜加桃仁于桂枝麻黄汤中，发散血中之风寒。李士材说：常山生用多用则致吐，与甘草同用亦致吐，若酒浸炒透，只用一钱许，每见奇功，未见其致吐。世人拘泥于老人久病忌服之说，使良药被怀疑，沉疴难起，何其愚昧！李时珍说：常山、蜀漆，劫痰截疟，须在发散表邪，及提出阳分之后，用之得宜，其效如神。然而疟药多在黄昏煎好，露置一宿，五更时温服，因为疟疾为暑邪，凡暑得露则散。《医贯》云：有渴甚者，发作时饮水不绝，用六味丸一料，纳肉桂一两，水煎探冷，连进代茶，遂熟睡，渴止而热愈。又有恶寒恶热如疟无异，面赤如脂，口渴不甚，吐痰如涌，身以上热如烙，膝以下自觉冷，这是真阳泛上，肾虚之极，急以附子八味地黄汤，大剂冷冻饮料而热退，继以人参建中汤调理。所谓“截”，是堵截的意思。兵精粮足，冠至方可堵截，壮盛之体，三四发后，疟势稍减，可以截之，其虚弱之人，始终不能截也。误用截法导致腹胀别病，不可不慎。即使服药也有避忌，疟疾将来，可服药阻其来；将退，可服药追其去；若疟势正盛，服药与之混战，徒自苦耳。至于多热而久不解的，其人必本阴虚，治法当益阴除热，非生鳖甲、牛膝不能除也。多寒而久不解的，其人必本阳虚，非人参、白术，甚至桂附不能除也。凡久疟不止，乃属元气虚寒，盖气虚则寒，血虚则热，胃虚则恶寒，脾虚则发热，阴火下流，则寒热交作，或吐涎不食，泄泻腹痛，手足厥冷，寒战如栗，若投以清脾截疟二饮，多致危殆，惟人参、煨姜各一两煎汤，于发前三时服，或发日五更连进一剂，无不愈者。无力服人参者，气虚，以白术代之。血虚以当归代之，或人参、常山各五钱同炒，去常山，以人参煎汤，未发前服亦效。所以说：脉实症实，攻邪以治标；脉虚症虚，补正以治本。疟疾是风寒暑湿之邪，为外感三阳经病。无奈严氏有无痰不作疟的论调，夫痰本人身的津液，随邪之所在，而成病之名，若指痰为疟之本，反以疟为痰之标，则疟将已矣，痰匿何所？疟将作也，痰发何经？痰胡为而既已，其病胡为而复发？可见痰之因于疟，非疟之因于痰，更非因痰以致疟也，明矣。独不观诸《内经》曰：疟者，阴阳更胜也。阴胜则寒，阳胜则热；又曰：阳盛则热，阳虚则寒。疟者虐也。阴阳既失其调，复当疟症凌虐，况更有脾胃虚极，木来侮土者，有久疟伤阴，壮热不已者，若因痰主见为治，投以燥裂克削吐痰截疟之法，危亡立至矣。
This is the first prescription for educating children.
*Shichangpu* (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) [remove hairs], *Yuanzhi* (Polygalae Radix) [boil in Licorice Decoction, remove heart, each 1 liang], *Baifushen* (Poria with Hostwood), *Bajitian* (Morindae Officinalis Radix) [boil in water, remove heart, each 5 qian], *Renshen* (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), *Digupi* (Lycii Cortex) [each 3 qian]. Grind into powder. Use 2 liang of *Baifuling* (Poria Cocos) and 2 liang of glutinous rice, grind together into powder. Use 3 qian of *Shichangpu* to decoct a thick soup, remove dregs, use this liquid to make paste for pills. Take 30-50 pills after each meal, at noon, and before sleep.
Has the effect of calming the mind and stabilizing the will, harmonizing blood, and treating forgetfulness.
*Shudi* (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), *Tiangong* (Asparagi Radix), *Danshen* (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [each 1.5 liang], *Fuling* (Poria Cocos), *Gancao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [each 1 liang], *Yuanzhi* (Polygalae Radix), *Renshen* (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) [each 5 qian], *Maidong* (Ophiopogonis Radix) [2 liang]. Grind into powder, make honey pills the size of paulownia seeds, coat with *Zhusha* (Cinnabaris). Take 50 pills each time, swallow with warm water.
Malaria (*Nue*), referred to as "Nue" in the *Neijing* (Classic of Internal Medicine), and named "Suilu" in the *Lingshu* (Spiritual Pivot). There are various types such as Cold Malaria, Warm Malaria, and Dan Malaria. The *Jing* (Classic) states: "All malaria arises from wind," which only mentions one aspect. However, pathogenic factors of wind, cold, summerheat, and dampness invade from outside, while improper diet and living habits cause pathogens to arise from within. At the onset, hair stands erect, the body feels stiff and cramped, chills occur with jaw clattering. Shortly after the cold subsides, both interior and exterior become hot, headache feels like bursting, thirst desires cold drinks. This is what the *Jing* refers to as the shifting of Yin and Yang. Some cases result from summerheat injury in summer, where intense heat hides inside the skin and resides within the Ying (Nutritive) Qi. Upon encountering autumn air, sweating followed by wind exposure causes the summerheat to lie dormant in the Ying level, while wind-cold occupies the Wei (Defensive) level. This closes the pores, preventing sweat from exiting. Since Ying Qi moves exclusively internally without an outlet to emerge, and Wei Qi moves externally, these two pathogens enter and exit accordingly. Wei Qi travels through the Yang levels during the day; when pathogens follow it outward, malaria attacks. At night, it travels through the Yin levels; when pathogens follow it inward, malaria accumulates. Generally, Yin and Yang cannot be separated. Only in disease does Yang Qi move upward and Yin Qi downward. When movement reaches its extreme, it reverses, causing Yin and Yang to meet and contend. Thus, the *Jing* says: "Yin and Yang contend above and below." At the start of malaria, Yang merges into Yin. When Yin is excess, the Three Yang meridians are deficient; Yang deficiency leads to external cold. When Yin is excess, there is internal cold. Hence, chills and jaw clattering occur, with cold throughout the interior and exterior. Yang fire cannot warm the bones, causing pain. Consequently, Yin Qi rebels to its extreme and merges with Yang. Thus, external Yang becomes excess and internal Yin becomes deficient. Yang excess leads to external heat, Yin deficiency leads to internal heat, resulting in heat throughout interior and exterior. This causes panting and thirst, urgently desiring cold drinks, even ice water fails to cool. Some attack every other day because pathogens press inward against the Zang organs, spreading horizontally to the Mu Yuan (Sea of Origin). The distance to Wei Qi is far, and its movement is slow. Wei Qi emits outward daily alone, while Yin pathogens adhere internally. The emitting ones move fast, the adhering ones manifest slowly, hence the every-other-day attack. After onset, attacks occur later each day until eventually earlier each day. This is because initially, pathogens lodge in Fengfu (GV16), descending along the spine one segment per day. Fengfu is located above the neck; there are three vertebrae in the neck down to the coccyx, totaling twenty-four segments. Wei Qi completes fifty circuits in one day and night, then re-emerges from Jingming (BL1) of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, ascends to the vertex, turns back to the posterior neck, and converges at Fengfu, marking the start of malaria. When pathogens are at Fengfu and Wei Qi arrives there, pathogens exit with Wei Qi, causing illness. Later, pathogens descend one segment daily from Fengfu, becoming distant from it, unable to act simultaneously with Wei Qi. When Wei Qi reaches the pathogen's residence, pathogens act with Wei Qi. Thus, attacks occur later each day. By the twenty-fifth day, pathogens have reached the coccyx and completed their course, entering the spine, pouring into the Fulu vessels, ascending from the Kidney through the Liver and Diaphragm, reaching the Clavicular region. Their energy rises daily, allowing them to exit with Wei Qi, thus attacks occur earlier than before. Some attack after several days, with or without thirst. This indicates pathogens are deeply lodged internally, unable to exit with Wei Qi, hence the delay. Thirst occurs when Yin merges into Yang, making Yang excess and heat severe. No thirst occurs when Yang merges into Yin, making Yin excess and heat mild. Daily regular attacks that suddenly become irregular or vary in timing indicate recovering Zheng Qi (Upright Qi), leaving no room for pathogens, signaling impending recovery. However, the *Jing* states: "Summerheat injury in summer leads to malaria in autumn," and "this corresponds to the four seasons." Winter malaria involves severe winter Qi, latent Yang not contending with cold, so cold is mild. Autumn malaria features cooling clear Qi, descending Yang, heat stored in skin/muscle, extreme heat generating cold, so cold is severe. Spring malaria has mild spring Qi, outward-releasing Yang, open pores, leading to aversion to wind. Summer malaria has steaming summerheat, leaking fluids, leading to profuse sweating. Attacks starting with cold then heat result from initial cold injury followed by wind injury. Cold is Yin, Wind is Yang. Feeling Yin first then Yang causes cold then heat; named Cold Malaria due to cold being the mechanism. Attacks starting with heat then cold result from initial wind injury followed by cold injury. Feeling Yang first then Yin causes heat then cold; named Warm Malaria due to wind being the mechanism. Heat only without cold indicates Yang excess acting alone; named Dan Malaria due to interior-exterior heat wasting muscles. Phlegm Malaria results from cooling off, drinking cold, irregular eating, lying in wind/dampness, causing Spleen-Stomach disharmony transforming into phlegm, accumulating in Zhongwan (CV12), manifesting upon stimulation; also called Damp Malaria. Pin Malaria features much cold, slight heat, or only cold without heat. Zhang Malaria features alternating cold/heat, appearing/disappearing intermittently. Yi Malaria affects all ages similarly in a year. Gui Malaria involves bad dreams and fear, originally due to Spleen deficiency inviting pathogens, not ghosts. Healing via talismans works because Spleen governs trust; wearing talismans gives the Heart reliance and Spleen trust, strengthening Middle Qi and resolving external pathogens. Lao Malaria persists for years, recurring, forming masses known as Nuomu (Malaria Mother), due to improper treatment damaging Ying/Wei, pathogens lodging in Liver meridian causing hypochondriac masses. Treatment must prioritize tonifying deficiency; attacking masses alone often leads to death. Xu Malaria involves extreme Zheng Qi deficiency invaded by pathogens. Must use Renshen and Baizhu to support Zheng Qi preventing collapse. Although classics mention Five Zang Malaria and Gallbladder/Stomach/Bladder Malaria, all belong to the Half-Exterior Half-Interior stage of the Shaoyang Meridian, governed by Spleen-Stomach. Qi deficiency attacks by day; Blood deficiency by night; both by day and night if both deficient. General treatment principles: For no sweat, induce sweat, dispersing pathogens with tonification; for sweat, stop sweat, supporting Zheng Qi with dispersion. Excessive sweating depletes fluids causing other diseases. Observe pathogen depth and Yin/Yang nature, guiding from Yin to Yang, Zang to Fu, late to early, dispersing and venting. Once pathogens leave, peace returns. Chronic malaria attacking at night indicates pathogens in Yin division; use Blood-level herbs with lifting agents to draw pathogens to Yang level for dispersal/cutting. Yang-level cases are easy; Yin-level difficult. Aversion to dry food suggests dietary origin; use digestion-promoting methods. Stomach injury with aversion to food and weak pulse requires warming/tonifying. Excess drains, deficiency tonifies. The *Jing* states: "Treat when pathogen is strong destroys true Qi; treat when pathogen wanes ensures success." Treating strong pathogens with draining harms Qi; tonifying meridians when pathogens wane allows natural retreat. Danxi noted: Every 3 days = 1 year illness; Every 2 days = 6 months; Daily = 1 month. Shallow pathogens affect Three Yang, moving with Wei Qi (daily); deep pathogens affect Three Yin, not moving with Wei Qi (every 2-3 days). Slower onset means deeper disease. Most summer-onset cases involve superficial Qi deficiency, fluid/grain retention turning to phlegm-fluid in chest/hypochondrium, wind-summerheat entering, blood stasis in collaterals. Summer pores open prevent disease; autumn contraction traps pathogens, causing alternating chills/fever. Ying/Wei travel Yang (spine/back) by day, Yin (chest/abdomen) by night. Blockage at disease site causes chills (internal cold); post-chill heat is external pathogenic fire. More cold than heat: resolve phlegm, open depression, disperse. More heat than cold: clear heat, tonify deficiency, disperse. Prioritize regulating Spleen/protecting Earth; avoid prolonged Qingpi/Binglang use. Onset after Summer Solstice before End of Heat involves Three Yang (shallow/sudden). Onset after End of Heat before Winter Solstice involves Three Yin (deep/heavy). Zi-Si hours are Yang; Wu-Hai hours are Yin. Wei deficiency causes initial cold; Ying deficiency causes initial heat. Malaria is summerheat pathogen; method should release muscle layer. "No phlegm, no malaria; no food stagnation, no malaria." Digestion may be needed, but root is Middle Qi deficiency. Mistakenly using Qi-breaking drugs in deficient patients worsens Middle Qi, causing internal collapse, pus/blood in stool, abdominal distension, death. Many mimic malaria but aren't. Seeing alternating chills/fever and forcibly cutting with Jiemie Dan repeatedly causes exhaustion or death. The *Jing* states: Yang deficiency causes aversion to cold; Yin deficiency causes aversion to heat. Yin invading Yang causes cold; Yang sinking into Yin causes heat. Post-typhoid, major illness, postpartum, consumption cases with alternating chills/fever are treated as deficiency. Yang deficiency: tonify Yang ( Lizhong Tang, Liujunzi Tang, Buzhong Yiqi Tang + Ginger/Cinnamon, possibly Aconite). Must use Shengma/Chaihu to lift Yang from Yin, balancing Water/Fire. Yin deficiency: similar symptoms but distinct True Yin/True Yang issues. "Day active/Night dormant,按时发作" indicates Water deficiency; treat with Liuwei Wan. "Day active/Night dormant, erratic" indicates Fire deficiency; treat with Bajia Wan. Long-term malaria non-resolution is due to improper treatment, not incurability. Wind/Summerheat are Yang pathogens; Cold/Water are Yin. Wind is coolness in Yang; Summerheat is coldness in heat. Collectively considered Cold, hence "Spleen Cold Disease." Cold lodges in muscle (Spleen governs flesh). Pre-malaria cold extremities reflect Spleen governing limbs. *Jing* uses "Summerheat" for seasonal Qi, "Cold" for pathological Qi. Though pathogens deepen and cold transforms to heat, Cold remains root, Heat branch. Prolonged unresolved cases turn from excess to deficiency; require major tonification of True Qi and strengthening Spleen/Stomach. Malaria always has chills/fever because pathogens hide in Half-Exterior Half-Interior (Shaoyang domain). Emerging contends with Yang (Yin excess=cold); entering contends with Yin (Yang excess=heat). Pure heat is Dan/Warm Malaria; pure cold is Pin Malaria. All stem from Shaoyang extremes; correction must return to Shaoyang harmony. Shaoyang represents Wood (Jia); pulse is always Wiry (Xian). Malaria离不开 Shaoyang just as cough离不开 Lung. Malaria can stem from Fluid retention or Blood stasis. Fluid causes chills/fever; Stasis causes aversion to chills/fever. Changshan removes fluid. For blood stasis, add Danggui/Taoren. Day attacks relate to Qi; Night attacks to Blood. *Baoming Ji* says night attacks mean deep pathogens in Blood/Yin meridians; add Taoren to Guizhi Mahuang Tang to disperse wind-cold in blood. Li Shicai notes: Raw Changshan causes vomiting, especially with Gancao. Wine-steamed/fried Changshan (1 qian) works wonders without vomiting. Ignoring this due to old-age taboos is foolish. Li Shizhen notes: Changshan/Shuqi cut phlegm/malaria only after releasing exterior/lifting to Yang. Best taken at dusk, dewed overnight, warm at dawn (dew disperses summerheat). *Yiguan* case: Severe thirst with continuous drinking treated with Liuwei Wan + Rougui (cold decoction) stopped thirst/heat. Case of cold/heat aversion, red face, little thirst, profuse phlegm, upper body hot, lower legs cold indicates floating True Yang/extreme Kidney deficiency. Treat urgently with Fuzi Bajia Dihuang Tang (cold drink), then Renshen Jianzhong Tang. "Cutting" means blocking. Only possible when robust and malaria subsides slightly after 3-4 attacks. Weak patients cannot be cut. Mistaken cutting causes distension. Timing matters: block incoming, chase outgoing. Fighting peak malaria is futile. Persistent heat implies Yin deficiency; treat by nourishing Yin/clearing heat (Sheng Biejia/Niuxi). Persistent cold implies Yang deficiency; treat by tonifying Yang (Renshen/Baizhu/Guifu). Chronic malaria indicates Yuan Qi deficiency/cold. Qi deficiency=cold; Blood deficiency=heat; Stomach deficiency=aversion to cold; Spleen deficiency=fever. Yin fire flowing down causes alternating chills/fever, salivation, anorexia, diarrhea, cold limbs. Using Qingpi/Jiemie drinks is dangerous. Ren Shen + Roasted Ginger (1 liang each) decocted, taken 3 hours before attack or at dawn on attack day cures all. Substitute Baizhu for Renshen if Qi deficient; Danggui if Blood deficient. Or stir-fry Renshen/Changshan (5 qian each), remove Changshan, decoct Renshen, take before attack. Principle: Excess pulse/symptoms drain pathogens (branch); Deficient pulse/symptoms tonify Zheng Qi (root). Malaria is external contraction of Three Yang meridians by Wind/Cold/Summerheat/Damp. Yan's theory "No phlegm, no malaria" is flawed. Phlegm is body fluids following pathogens. If phlegm is root and malaria is branch, then curing malaria leaves phlegm无处 (nowhere); if phlegm originates from malaria, it doesn't cause malaria. Clearly, phlegm results from malaria, not vice versa. As *Jing* states: Malaria is alternating Yin/Yang victory. Yin excess=cold; Yang excess=heat. Yang excess=heat; Yang deficiency=cold. Malaria ("Nue") sounds like "Abuse" ("Nue"). With失调 Yin/Yang, the body suffers abuse. Especially with extreme Spleen/Stomach deficiency, Wood insulting Earth, or long-term malaria injuring Yin with persistent high fever, treating based on phlegm with drying/draining/vomiting/cutting methods leads to immediate danger.