妊娠腰痛，多属劳力。盖胞系于肾，劳力任重，致伤胞系，则腰必痛，甚则胞系欲脱，多至小产。故
宜安胎为主，胎安而痛自愈，痛愈而胎能安。若素安逸而腰痛，必房事不节，致伤胞系也。
脉缓，遇天阴、或久坐而痛者，湿热也。腰重如带物而冷者，寒
湿也。脉大而痛不已者，肾虚也。脉涩而日轻夜重者，气血凝滞
也。脉浮者，风邪所乘；脉实者，闪挫也。临月腰痛如脱肾者，将产也。
有妊妇月信不绝而胎不损，问产科熊宗古，答曰∶妇人血盛气衰，其人治肥，凡既妊之后，月信常来，而胎不动。
若便以漏胎治之则胎必堕。若不作漏胎治，其胎未必堕，今推宗古人之言，诚有旨也。巢氏云∶妇人有子之后，经血蓄
以养胎矣。有妊而月信每至，亦未必因血盛也。此因荣经有风，则经血喜动，以风胜故也。荣经既为风所胜，则所下者，
非养胎之血，若作漏胎治之，服保养补胎药，胎本不损，强以药滋之，是助其风行水动之势，其胎真堕矣。若知荣经有
风之理，专以一药治风，经信可止，或不服药，胎亦无恙，然亦有胎本不固，因房室不节，先漏而后堕者，须作漏胎治
之。《千金方》治妊娠下血不止，名曰漏胎，血尽子死，用生地八两，渍酒捣汁，服之无时。（张）秘授保胎神效丸一方，
药虽甚灵，但内有红花、没药，未解其意，观宗古之论，始悟立方之妙。今具于后，保产者珍之。
妊娠漏胎，此由冲任脉虚，不能约制手太阳、少阴之经血故也。冲任之脉为经络之海，起于胞内。
手太阳、少阴相为表里，上为乳汁，下为月水。有娠之人经水所以断者，壅之养胎也。冲任
气虚，则胞内泄不能制其经血，故月水时下名胞漏，血尽则毙。又有劳役，喜怒不节，饮食生冷，触冒
风寒，子脏为风冷所乘，气血失度，使胎不安，故也令下血也。丹溪曰∶胎漏多因于血热，然
亦有气虚血少，服凉血药而下血益甚，食少、体倦者，此脾气虚而不能摄血也，当以脉候参之。
妊妇壮实，六脉平和，饮食如故，余无所苦，但经时下者，是血气旺而养胎之余血也，不可强止，
亦不可使之行，但为和血、凉血、健脾为主，佛手散加条芩、白术、阿胶；或八珍汤加胶、艾。
妊娠期间出现腰痛，大多属于劳累过度所致。因为胞宫系连于肾，若因劳累负重，导致胞系受损，腰部必然疼痛，严重时胞系欲脱，常导致小产。因此治疗应以安胎为主，胎元安稳则疼痛自止，疼痛停止则胎元更易稳固。如果平时生活安逸却出现腰痛，必定是房事不节制，损伤了胞系。
脉象缓弱，遇到阴天或久坐后疼痛加重的，属于湿热证。腰部沉重如物缠绕且感觉寒冷的，属于寒湿证。脉象大而疼痛不止的，属于肾虚证。脉象涩滞且白天轻夜间重的，属于气血凝滞证。脉象浮的，属于风邪侵袭；脉象实的，属于闪挫伤。临近预产期时腰痛如肾脏脱落感的，是即将分娩的表现。
有一位孕妇月经持续来潮但胎儿未损，向产科医生熊宗古请教，他回答说：妇人血盛气衰，且此人喜好肥甘厚味，凡是怀孕之后，月经常来，而胎儿不动。如果便将其当作漏胎（妊娠期阴道出血）来治疗，胎儿必然会流产。如果不作为漏胎治疗，胎儿未必会流产。如今推究熊宗古的话，确实很有深意。巢元方说：妇女怀孕之后，经血蓄积以滋养胎儿。怀孕后月经每月仍来，也未必是因为血盛。这是因为营经有风邪，所以经血喜动，是由于风邪偏胜的缘故。营经既然被风邪所胜，那么流出的就不是滋养胎儿的血，如果当作漏胎治疗，服用保养补胎的药物，胎儿本来没有损伤，强行用药滋补，这是助长风行水动的势头，胎儿真的会流产。如果懂得营经有风的道理，专门用一味药治风，月经自然可止，或者不服药，胎儿也无恙。然而也有胎儿本不稳固，因房事不节，先出现漏血而后流产的，必须当作漏胎治疗。《千金方》治疗妊娠下血不止，名为漏胎，血尽则子死，用生地八两，浸泡在酒中捣汁，随时服用。（张）秘授保胎神效丸一方，药物虽然很灵验，但内含红花、没药，起初不解其意，看了熊宗古的论述，才领悟到立方的妙处。现在列在后面，从事保产者应珍视。
妊娠漏胎，这是由于冲任脉虚弱，不能约束手太阳、少阴之经血所致。冲任二脉为经络之海，起于胞内。手太阳、少阴相为表里，上行化为乳汁，下行化为月经。怀孕之人月经之所以停止，是因为气血壅滞以滋养胎儿。冲任气虚，则胞内泄而不能制约经血，所以月经时下，名为胞漏，血尽则死亡。又有因劳累过度，喜怒不节制，饮食生冷，触犯风寒，子宫被风冷所乘，气血失调，使胎不安稳，所以令下血。朱丹溪说：胎漏多因于血热，然而也有气虚血少，服用凉血药后下血更甚，食少、体倦者，这是脾气虚而不能摄血，应当结合脉候参详。孕妇身体壮实，六脉平和，饮食如常，没有其他痛苦，只是经血时下，这是血气旺盛而滋养胎儿的余血，不可强行止住，也不可使其运行，只以和血、凉血、健脾为主，可用佛手散加条芩、白术、阿胶；或用八珍汤加阿胶、艾叶。
Lumbago during pregnancy is mostly attributable to physical overexertion. This is because the uterus (Baogong) is connected to the Kidney; when heavy labor injures the uterine ligaments, lumbago inevitably occurs. In severe cases, the uterine ligaments may detach, often leading to miscarriage. Therefore, treatment should primarily focus on calming the fetus (An Tai). Once the fetus is stabilized, the pain will subside spontaneously; once the pain subsides, the fetus is more easily secured. If a woman who usually leads an sedentary life experiences lumbago, it must be due to unregulated sexual intercourse injuring the uterine ligaments.
A slow pulse (Mai Huan), with pain worsening on cloudy days or after prolonged sitting, indicates Damp-Heat. A sensation of heaviness in the lower back as if bound by objects, accompanied by coldness, indicates Cold-Damp. A large pulse (Mai Da) with unremitting pain indicates Kidney Deficiency. A choppy pulse (Mai Se) with symptoms lighter during the day and heavier at night indicates Qi and Blood Stagnation. A floating pulse (Mai Fu) indicates invasion by Wind Pathogen; a excess pulse (Mai Shi) indicates sprain or trauma. Lumbago resembling the sensation of the Kidneys falling out near term indicates impending labor.
A pregnant woman whose menstruation continued without fetal damage consulted Obstetrician Xiong Zonggu. He replied: "Women with abundant Blood and deficient Qi, especially those fond of rich foods, often continue to menstruate after conception without disturbing the fetus. If treated as threatened abortion (Lou Tai), the fetus will likely abort. If not treated as threatened abortion, the fetus may remain intact. Xiong Zonggu's words are indeed profound." Chao Yuanfang stated: "After conception, menstrual blood is retained to nourish the fetus. Menstruation continuing during pregnancy is not necessarily due to abundant Blood. It is because Wind affects the Ying (Nutritive) Meridian, causing menstrual blood to move freely due to the dominance of Wind. Since the Ying Meridian is dominated by Wind, the discharged blood is not that which nourishes the fetus. Treating this as threatened abortion and administering tonifying herbs would strengthen the momentum of Wind moving Water, truly causing abortion. Understanding the principle of Wind in the Ying Meridian, treating only with one herb to dispel Wind can stop menstruation; even without medication, the fetus remains safe. However, there are cases where the fetus is inherently unstable, leaking blood first due to unregulated sexual intercourse before aborting; these must be treated as threatened abortion." *Qianjin Fang* treats persistent bleeding during pregnancy, named Lou Tai, where exhaustion of blood leads to fetal death, using eight taels of Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), soaked in wine and crushed for juice, taken at any time. The secret formula Ba Tai Shen Xiao Wan provided by Zhang contains Hong Hua (Carthami Flos) and Mo Yao (Myrrha), which was initially puzzling. Only after reading Xiong Zonggu's discussion did I understand the brilliance of this prescription. It is listed below for those engaged in obstetrics to cherish.
Threatened abortion (Lou Tai) during pregnancy occurs because the Chong and Ren Mai (Penetrating and Conception Vessels) are deficient and cannot control the menstrual blood of the Hand-Taiyang and Hand-Shaoyin meridians. The Chong and Ren Mai are the sea of meridians, originating from within the uterus. The Hand-Taiyang and Hand-Shaoyin meridians are exterior-interior pairs; their qi transforms upward into milk and downward into menstruation. During pregnancy, menstruation stops because blood is congested to nourish the fetus. When Qi of the Chong and Ren is deficient, internal leakage occurs, failing to restrain menstrual blood, resulting in monthly discharge known as Bao Lou (Uterine Leakage); if blood is exhausted, death ensues. Other causes include overwork, emotional irregularities, consumption of raw/cold foods, and exposure to Wind-Cold. When the Zi Zang (Uterus) is invaded by Wind-Cold, Qi and Blood become disordered, unsettling the fetus and causing bleeding. Zhu Danxi said: "Threatened abortion is mostly due to Blood Heat. However, in cases of Qi deficiency and Blood insufficiency, administering Cooling-Blood herbs may worsen bleeding. In patients with poor appetite and fatigue, this indicates Spleen Qi deficiency failing to contain blood; pulse diagnosis should be used for reference." For a robust pregnant woman with harmonious six pulses, normal diet, and no other discomfort, but with occasional light bleeding, this is surplus Blood and Qi nourishing the fetus. It should not be forcibly stopped nor allowed to flow excessively. Treatment should focus on Harmonizing Blood, Cooling Blood, and Strengthening the Spleen. Formula Fo Shou San plus Tiao Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), and E Jiao (Colla Corii Asini); or Ba Zhen Tang plus E Jiao and Ai Ye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium).