药多欺罔，不可不详。钟乳令白蜡煎，细辛使宜水渍，当归酒晒取润，枸杞蜜拌为
甜，螵蛸胶于桑枝，蜈蚣珠其足赤，此将歹作好，仍以假乱真。荠 指人参，木通混
防己，古圹灰云死龙骨，茵蓿根谓土黄 ，麝香捣荔核掺，藿香采茄叶杂，研石膏和轻
粉收，苦薏当菊，郁金实是姜黄，土当只称独活，小半夏煮黄为胡索，嫩松梢盐润为苁
蓉，草豆蔻将果仁充，南木香以酉呆抵。煮鸡子及鲭鱼枕善能造琥珀，熬广胶人荞麦面
炒黑作阿胶，枇杷蕊代款冬，驴脚骨捏虎骨，松脂搅麒磷竭，番稍插龙脑香，桑根白
皮株干者安是？牡丹根皮枝梗者岂真！？如是之类，巧诈百端，本责却病，反致杀人。
此诚大关紧要，如若小节寻常，务考究精详，免乖违荼毒。
古人口咬碎，故称咬咀。今之刀代之，惟凭锉用，犹曰咀片，不忘本源。诸药坐
时，须要得法，或微水渗，或略火烘，湿者候干，坚者待润，薄薄切匀，才无碎末。仍
忌锉多留久，恐走气味不灵，旋锉应人，
速能求效。根梢各治，尤弗浑淆。生苗向上者为根，气脉以上；人土垂下者为稍，气脉
下行；中截为身，气脉中守。上焦病者用身，下焦病者用梢，盖根升梢降，中守不移
故也。凡服百药，忌食其心，心有毒也。
凡药制造，贵在适中。不及则功效难求，太过则功力缓而气味反失。火制四，有
、有泡、有炙、有炒之不同。水制三，或渍、或泡、或洗之勿等。水火共造制者，若
蒸若煮而有二焉。配制更多，用唯一理，酒制升提，姜制发散，入盐走肾脏，仍仗软
坚，用醋淫肝经且资在痛，童便制除劣性降下，米泔制去燥性和中，乳制滋润回枯，助
生阴血，蜜制甘缓难化，增益元阳，陈壁土制，窃真气骤补中焦，麦麸皮炒，抑酷性，
勿伤上膈，乌豆汤、甘草汤渍晒并解毒，致令中和，羊酥油猪脂油涂烧，咸渗骨容易脆
断，有剜去瓤免胀，有抽去心除烦，病热者药多生用，虚寒者便宜或蜜炙或酒炒矣。
药物市场中欺诈现象众多，不可不详细考察。用白蜡煎煮钟乳石以增重，用水浸泡细辛以增加重量，用酒晒当归使其显得滋润，用蜜拌枸杞使其变甜，将海螵蛸胶结在桑枝上，给蜈蚣涂上朱砂使其足部呈赤色，这些都是将劣品伪装成佳品，以假乱真。用荠菜根冒充人参，用木通混充防己，用古墓中的灰烬谎称为死龙骨，用苜蓿根当作土黄芪，将麝香掺入捣碎的荔枝核中，用茄叶混杂藿香，研磨石膏时加入轻粉以增重，用苦薏冒充菊花，郁金实际上是姜黄，土当归只称独活，小半夏煮至黄色后称为延胡索，嫩松梢经盐润处理后称为肉苁蓉，草豆蔻仅用果仁充当，南木香用酉呆（一种植物）抵充。煮鸡蛋和鲭鱼枕骨善于制造琥珀的假象，熬制广胶时加入荞麦面炒黑以制作阿胶，用枇杷蕊代替款冬花，捏制驴脚骨冒充虎骨，松脂搅拌麒麟竭，番薯茎插入龙脑香，桑根白皮如果是株干者怎能是正品？牡丹根皮如果是枝梗者难道是真的吗？像这样种种巧诈手段层出不穷，本意是为了治病救人，反而导致杀人。这确实是关乎生死的大问题，如果视为小节寻常之事，务必考究精详，以免违背医理造成毒害。
古人用药需口咬碎，所以称为“咬咀”。现在用刀代替，只凭锉刀使用，仍称为“咀片”，是不忘本源。各种药材在切片前，必须方法得当，有的轻微水渗，有的略用火烘，湿的等待晾干，坚硬的等待湿润，切得薄而均匀，才不会产生碎末。仍然忌讳锉药过多且存放过久，恐怕气味散失而不灵验，现锉现用，才能迅速见效。根、梢各有所治，尤其不能混淆。生苗向上生长的部分为根，气脉上行；深入土壤垂下的部分为梢，气脉下行；中间截取的部分为身，气脉居中守定。上焦病者用身，下焦病者用梢，这是因为根升梢降，中间守定不移的缘故。凡是服用百药，忌食其心，因为心有毒性。
凡药材的炮制，贵在适中。不及则难以求得功效，太过则药力迟缓且气味反而丧失。火制有四种，有煅、有泡、有炙、有炒的不同。水制有三种，或渍、或泡、或洗的方式不等。水火共同炮制的，如蒸如煮而有两种。配制方法更多，但遵循唯一原理：酒制能升提，姜制能发散，入盐能走肾脏，并仗仗其软坚作用，用醋能引药入肝经且资助治疗疼痛，童便制能去除劣性并引导下行，米泔水制能去除燥性并调和脾胃，乳汁制能滋润枯槁，助生阴血，蜜制能甘缓难化，增益元阳，陈壁土制能窃取真气迅速补益中焦，麦麸皮炒能抑制酷烈之性，勿伤上膈，乌豆汤、甘草汤浸泡晒干并能解毒，使药性中和，羊酥油猪脂油涂抹烧制，咸味渗透骨骼容易脆断，有的挖去瓤以免胀气，有的抽去心以除烦。热病患者多用生药，虚寒患者适宜或蜜炙或酒炒。
There are many deceptions in the drug market, which must be investigated in detail. Calcitriol (Zhongru Shi) is boiled with white beeswax to increase weight; Asarum (Xixin) is soaked in water to add weight; Angelica sinensis (Danggui) is sun-dried with wine to appear moist; Lycium barbarum (Gouqi) is mixed with honey to become sweet; Sepia endoconcha (Piaoxiao) is glued onto mulberry branches; Centipede (Wugong) has cinnabar applied to its legs to make them red. These are methods of passing off inferior goods as high-quality ones, using fake items to confuse the real. Shepherd's purse root (Ji Cai) is used to mimic Panax ginseng (Renshen); Akebia stem (Mutong) is mixed with Stephania root (Fangji); Ash from ancient tombs is claimed to be fossilized bone (Sigu Longgu); Alfalfa root (Muxu Gen) is passed off as Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Tuhuangqi); Musk (Shexiang) is adulterated with crushed lychee seeds; Agastache rugosa (Huoxiang) is mixed with eggplant leaves; Gypsum fibrosum (Shigao) is ground and mixed with Calomelas (Qingfen) to increase weight; Cichorium intybus (Kuyi) is used instead of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Juhua); Curcuma wenyujin (Yujin) is actually Curcuma longa (Jianghuang); Glehnia littoralis (Tudanggui) is merely labeled as Angelica pubescens (Duhuo); Pinellia ternata (Xiaobanxia) is boiled until yellow and called Corydalis yanhusuo (Yansuhu); Young pine tips (Nen Songshao) are salt-moistened and called Cistanche deserticola (Congrong); Cardamom (Caodoukou) uses only the kernel; Costus root (Nanmuxiang) is substituted with a plant called Youdai. Boiled chicken eggs and mackerel枕bones are skillfully used to simulate Amber (Hupo); Guang gelatin is made by frying buckwheat flour black and adding it to boiled gelatin to mimic Donkey-hide gelatin (Ejiao); Loquat flower buds (Pipa Rui) replace Farfara flos (Kuandonghua); Donkey feet bones are molded to imitate Tiger bone (Hugu); Pine resin is stirred into Dried blood of Dracaena (Qilinjie); Sweet potato stems are inserted with Borneolum Syntheticum (Longnaoxiang). Can mulberry root bark (Sanggen Baipi) from the trunk be authentic? Is peony root bark (Mudan Genpi) from branches truly genuine? Such deceptive tricks are endless. Originally intended to cure diseases, they反而 lead to death. This is indeed a matter of critical importance; if treated as a trivial detail, one must investigate meticulously to avoid violating medical principles and causing harm.
Ancient people bit herbs to crush them, hence the term "bitting" (Yaoju). Today, knives replace teeth, relying on grinding, yet still called "sliced bits" (Zupian), not forgetting the origin. When preparing various drugs for slicing, proper methods are required: some are slightly moistened with water, others slightly roasted with fire; wet ones wait to dry, hard ones wait to soften; sliced thinly and evenly to avoid fragments. It is still taboo to grind too much and store for long periods, lest the aroma dissipate and efficacy be lost; grinding just before use ensures rapid effect. Roots and tips have different therapeutic targets and must not be confused. The part growing upward from the seedling is the root, with qi and blood flowing upward; the part hanging down into the soil is the tip, with qi and blood flowing downward; the middle section is the body, with qi and blood staying central. For upper jiao diseases, the body is used; for lower jiao diseases, the tip is used, because roots ascend, tips descend, and the center remains stable. When taking any medicine, one should avoid eating the "heart" (core) of the herb, as it may contain toxins.
The processing of medicines values moderation. Insufficient processing makes efficacy hard to achieve; excessive processing slows potency and loses aroma. Fire processing includes four types: calcining, soaking, roasting, and stir-frying. Water processing includes three types: steeping, soaking, and washing. Combined water-fire processing includes steaming and boiling. There are many compounding methods, but they follow one principle: Wine processing promotes ascending; Ginger processing promotes dispersing; Salt processing directs to the Kidney and softens hardness; Vinegar processing enters the Liver meridian and aids in treating pain; Child urine processing removes inferior properties and guides downward; Rice wash water processing removes dryness and harmonizes the middle; Milk processing moisturizes dryness and helps generate yin blood; Honey processing is sweet and slow-dissolving, boosting primal yang; Wall earth processing steals true qi to rapidly tonify the middle jiao; Bran stir-frying suppresses harsh nature to prevent injury to the upper diaphragm; Mung bean soup and Licorice decoction soaking and drying detoxify and neutralize; Sheep suet or pork lard coating and burning allows salty penetration into bones for easy fracture; Removing the pith prevents bloating; Removing the heart eliminates irritability. For heat patients, raw herbs are mostly used; for deficiency-cold patients, honey-roasted or wine-stir-fried herbs are suitable.