治脓窠疥疮，用大枫子五十粒，蓖麻子五十粒，蛇床子三钱，（以上三味研细另包。）麻黄钱
半，斑蝥（去翅足）三个，雄猪油一两，先将麻黄、斑蝥二味，同入猪油内煎枯，去渣尽净，
再将前三味放下，缓缓熬煎，待
渣黑，然后取起，用绢袋包裹，向患处频频擦之。此方吴子嘉所传，云曾经试过，甚效。
子嘉又传治发背痈疽一切无名大毒，以及疮疖等症神方，名迅风扫箨散，云得自常熟，屡试
不爽。用穿山甲七片，蜈蚣去头足七条，蝉蜕五钱洗，僵蚕炒去丝二钱，乳香去油二钱半，
没药去油二钱半，全蝎（头足要全，酒浸，去腹内肠）七个，斑蝥（去翅足，糯米炒）七个，明
雄黄五钱，麝香一钱，冰片八分，五倍子一两五钱，共为细末，曝干，勿令见火，掺于毒上
，再以寻常膏药盖之，其效如神，若遇大毒，须加升丹少许，和药末同掺，其升丹必要自制，市中者不验。
升丹方∶水银一两，白矾一两二钱，牙硝一两二钱（皮硝不可用。）先将矾、硝二味研细，再
入水银，用小广锅一只盛药，再以粗碗一只覆于锅上，用细白皮纸搓作纸索，蘸水微湿，筑
于碗口，另用细矾末掺纸上，再用生石膏粉
满盖碗底，以铁秤锤压碗上毕，以大钉四枚钉入泥地，用硬炭烧三炷官香，（四围须用砖护
住，火方有力），第一炷火文，第二炷火武，（一二炷香间须防走漏），第三炷火大武，当以
扇拂之，冷定开视，而丹成矣。（丹在碗上，药渣弃去不可用。）
方书所言内痈，大概详于肺胃大小肠，其它脏腑均略焉。吾乡有患肝痈者，医以为肺痈，服
药后日就危笃，延张梦庐学博视之，识为肝痈误治，卒不能救药而殒。按∶《内经》云∶期
门隐隐痛者肝疽，其上肉微起者肝痈。又云∶肝痈，两 满，卧则惊，不得小便。是其症亦
尚易辨，特俗医不学，遂致杀人耳。陈远公云∶肝痈在左而不在右，左胁之皮必见红紫色，
而舌必见青色，治必平肝为主，佐以泻火去毒，宜化肝消毒汤，白芍、当归各三两，金银花
五两，黑山栀五钱，生甘草三钱，水煎服，盖其治法与肺痈迥殊也。
王洪绪《外科全生集》论《冯氏锦囊》治阴疽，以温补兼托，以为初起平塌，安可用托
？托
则成功，宜以溃为贵，即流注瘰 恶核，倘有溃者，仍不敢托，托则溃者虽敛，增者又何如
耶？因立阳和汤以施治，（熟地一两，鹿角胶三钱，白芥子二钱，肉桂一钱，甘草一钱，麻黄
五分，姜炭五分），遇平塌不痛大疽，倍加熟地。严兼三谓生平遵此法以治阴症，屡获奇验
，尝于六月中治一男子，遍身热毒，而腹上独生一疽，平塌不痛，诊其脉沉微无力，乃用阳
和汤，加附子、黄 服之，疽消而愈。盖热毒发于表，而阴疽根于内，故必治其本焉。因思
古方治一切痈疽，用仙方活命饮，未成者即消，已成者即溃，云是疮痈之圣药，然以治阴疽
，则有银花、赤芍、花粉、贝母等凉药，不若阳和汤专用温补，能消患于未萌也。
海宁许辛木部曹HT 精医理，尤长于外科，所制膏丹，必购求良药，亲自研炼，拯治危症甚多
。尝言瘰 一症，服药最难见效，外治亦鲜良方。《王氏全生集》消核膏，曾试用之，蕴热
重者，转至红肿，盖药品多毒烈也。因以控涎丹为主，加入麻黄煎成膏药，普施甚效。故友
汤绪云又加入数味，嗣后求者踵至，不独瘰 ，凡痰核乳岩贴之，初起即消，久者纵不能消
，亦不再大，妙在并无斑蝥、蜈蚣、全蝎等毒药，虽好肉贴之无损。石门某医之女，颈生瘰
十余年，自为医治不效，且有溃者，闻部曹有自制消核膏，挽人求索，令未溃者贴此膏，
已溃者贴阳和解凝膏，（见《全生集》），以九一丹，每次索膏必数十张，如是数月，未溃者
消，已溃者敛，遂不复发，今嫁人有子女矣。此方治愈者众，其药用制甘遂二两，红芽大戟
三两，白芥子八钱，麻黄四钱，生南星一两六钱，直天虫一两六钱，朴硝一两六钱，藤黄一
两六钱，姜半夏一两六钱。九一丹∶用降药九分，生石膏一分。
外科之症，有与内科相似者，最宜详审。凡诸痈毒初起，恶寒发热，不可误认伤寒，又
骨槽
风不可误认牙痛，鹤膝风不可误认痛痹，痔血不可误认肠红，肺痈不可误认外感咳嗽，肠痈
不可误认诸腹痛，此类尚多，不可悉数。
《质直谈耳》载旧青浦镇疡医陈天士，名驰四方，就医者日不下数十人，其药最秘者手
治之
，岁久毒瓦斯熏炙，晚年中拇间生恶疽，知不可疗，闻南去百五十里地名潭中，有一叟精于针砭，恒自晦不欲以术自鸣，
即易姓名，疾赴其
所乞治之，叟曰∶此药毒也。君殆知医，向之中恶深矣，不发则已，发必难治非者力所及也
。盍往质问陈天士乎？天士大恐，速归，疽遂溃，神昏而殁。余谓陈虽能医，技犹未精也。
《秋镫丛话》云∶北贾贸易江南，喜食猪首，兼数人之量，有精于岐黄者见之，向其仆曰∶
每餐如是，已十有余年矣。医者云∶病将作，凡药不能治也。俟其归，尾之北上，将以为奇
货。久之无恙，复细询其仆曰∶主人食后必满饮松萝茶数瓯。医爽然曰∶此毒惟松萝可解。
怅然而返。使陈能如此贾之豫为防，何致成不治之症乎？
《外科正宗》一书，近世盛行，医者信而遵之，往往用铍针及三品一条枪等法，误人不
少。
是书徐灵胎有评本，余曾从陈载庵借录一过，后许辛木又加注释，嘱余为之校正，将以救
世医之弊，已付刊矣。适逢寇乱中辍，余所录之本，亦毁于兵燹。辛酉秋日，避难于东林山
后
，从汤欣庵借录副本，因摘录于此，俾习外科者观之，庶不为是书所误。《正宗》云∶初起
未成者，用铍针当顶点入知痛处，出其恶血，通其疮窍，随插蟾酥条直至疮底。见（“脑疽论
”后。）评云∶此必死之法，误尽苍生。其不死者，亦必卧床几月，服大补之药而后得安。
《正宗》云∶铍针当顶插入知痛处方止，随用蟾蜍条插至孔底。（见“神妙拨根方”下。）又
云∶三日后加添插药，其根高肿作疼。评云∶凡疮未成者，一见血则毒走肌伤，轻者变重，
重则必死。况又插入药条，以致痛极腐烂，断无消理，此等恶法，害人不浅。然此原云阴症
当用此法，乃近人不知，不论阴症阳症，轻病重病，皆用此法，杀人无算，间有愈者，皆痛
苦哀号，死里逃生，乃皆奉为金科玉律，举世皆然，无人救正，岂不伤心？又评云∶用此法
者，我目中已见杀数十人矣，即真阴症亦不宜用，况阴症千不得一，非平塌者即为阴症也。
评三品一条枪后云∶此治恶毒顽疮，间有可用，近日庸医不论何疮，俱用此法，杀人无算，
深为可恨。制方之人，原只用以治不知痛痒即死肌顽肉，谁知后世恶人，竟为必用之品，不
可不归咎于作俑人也。余因思周岷帆学士患瘤，为费某用三品一条枪致死，见（“医鉴门”
），由于未见徐评故耳。医者专主一家之言，不知虚怀好学，博采精研，而欲免于误人也，
岂可得哉？
治疗脓窠疥疮，使用大枫子五十粒，蓖麻子五十粒，蛇床子三钱（以上三味研成细末，单独包装）。麻黄半钱，斑蝥（去掉翅膀和足）三个，雄猪油一两。先将麻黄、斑蝥两味药，一同放入猪油内煎至枯焦，滤去药渣，再将前三味药放入，缓缓熬煎，待药渣变黑后，然后取出，用绢袋包裹，向患处频繁擦拭。此方由吴子嘉传授，声称曾经试用过，非常有效。
子嘉又传授治疗发背痈疽一切无名大毒，以及疮疖等症的神方，名为迅风扫箨散，声称得自常熟，屡次试验没有失误。使用穿山甲七片，蜈蚣（去掉头足）七条，蝉蜕五钱洗净，僵蚕炒去丝二钱，乳香去油二钱半，没药去油二钱半，全蝎（头足要完整，酒浸，去掉腹内肠）七个，斑蝥（去掉翅膀和足，用糯米炒）七个，明雄黄五钱，麝香一钱，冰片八分，五倍子一两五钱，共同研为细末，晒干，不要让火接触，撒在毒疮上，再用寻常膏药覆盖，其效果如神。如果遇到大毒，须加少许升丹，与药末混合撒布，这升丹必须自制，市面上买的不灵验。
升丹方：水银一两，白矾一两二钱，牙硝一两二钱（皮硝不可用）。先将矾、硝两味药研细，再放入水银，用小广锅一只盛药，再以粗碗一只盖在锅上，用细白皮纸搓作纸索，蘸水微湿，塞于碗口缝隙，另用细矾末掺在纸上，再用生石膏粉满盖碗底，用铁秤锤压住碗上，用四枚大钉钉入泥地固定，用硬炭烧三炷官香（四周须用砖护住，火才有力），第一炷香用文火，第二炷香用武火（一二炷香之间须防止泄漏），第三炷香用大火并扇风助燃，冷却后打开查看，丹药就形成了。（丹在碗盖上，药渣丢弃不可用。）
医书所说的内痈，大概详细记载了肺、胃、大小肠，其他脏腑都略去了。我家乡有患肝痈的人，医生误认为是肺痈，服药后病情日益危重，请张梦庐学博诊治，识别出是肝痈被误治，最终不能救治而死亡。按：《内经》说：期门穴隐隐作痛的是肝疽，其上肌肉微微隆起的是肝痈。又说：肝痈，两胁胀满，睡觉时惊悸，小便不通。是其症状也还算容易辨别，只是世俗医生不学习，导致杀人罢了。陈远公说：肝痈在左侧而不在右侧，左胁的皮肤必见红紫色，而舌必见青色，治疗必须以平肝为主，佐以泻火去毒，宜用化肝消毒汤，白芍、当归各三两，金银花五两，黑山栀五钱，生甘草三钱，水煎服，因为它的治法与肺痈截然不同。
王洪绪在《外科全生集》中评论《冯氏锦囊》治疗阴疽，主张温补兼托毒外出，认为初起平塌，怎么可以用托法？托法如果成功，应以溃破为贵，即使是流注瘰疬恶核，如果有溃破的，仍不敢用托法，托法如果用了，已溃的虽然收敛，增多的又会怎样呢？因此创立阳和汤来施治，（熟地一两，鹿角胶三钱，白芥子二钱，肉桂一钱，甘草一钱，麻黄五分，姜炭五分），遇到平塌不痛的大疽，加倍加入熟地。严兼三谓生平遵循此法治疗阴症，屡次获得奇效，曾在六月治疗一名男子，遍身热毒，唯独腹部生一疽，平塌不痛，诊其脉沉微无力，于是用阳和汤，加附子、黄芪服用，疽消而愈。大概热毒发于体表，而阴疽根源于体内，所以必须治其根本。因而想到古方治疗一切痈疽，用仙方活命饮，未成的即消散，已成的即溃破，说是疮痈的圣药，然而用来治疗阴疽，则有银花、赤芍、花粉、贝母等凉药，不如阳和汤专用温补，能在祸患未萌生时就消除它。
海宁许辛木部曹精通医理，尤其擅长外科，所制作的膏丹，必定购买良药，亲自研磨炼制，拯救治疗危症很多。曾言瘰疬一症，服药最难见效，外治也很少有良方。《王氏全生集》的消核膏，曾经试用过，蕴热重的人，反而转为红肿，大概药品多有毒烈之性。因此以控涎丹为主，加入麻黄煎成膏药，普遍施用很有效。故友汤绪云又加入几味药，此后求药者接踵而至，不仅瘰疬，凡是痰核乳岩贴敷此膏，初起的即消散，久病的纵然不能消散，也不再增大，妙在没有斑蝥、蜈蚣、全蝎等毒药，即使贴在好肉上也没有损害。石门某医生的女儿，颈部生瘰疬十多年，自己医治无效，且有溃破的，听说部曹有自制的消核膏，托人求取，让未溃破的贴此膏，已溃破的贴阳和解凝膏（见《全生集》），每次索要膏药必达数十张，这样数月，未溃破的消散，已溃破的收敛，于是不再复发，如今嫁人生子。此方治愈者众多，其药用制甘遂二两，红芽大戟三两，白芥子八钱，麻黄四钱，生南星一两六钱，直天虫一两六钱，朴硝一两六钱，藤黄一两六钱，姜半夏一两六钱。九一丹：用降药九分，生石膏一分。
外科的病证，有与内科相似的，最应当详细审察。凡各种痈毒初起，恶寒发热，不可误认伤寒，还有骨槽风不可误认牙痛，鹤膝风不可误认痛痹，痔血不可误认肠红，肺痈不可误认外感咳嗽，肠痈不可误认诸腹痛，此类还有很多，不可全部列举。
《质直谈耳》记载旧青浦镇疡医陈天士，名声传遍四方，就医者每天不少于几十人，他的药最神秘，亲手治疗，岁久毒瓦斯熏炙，晚年拇指间生恶疽，知道不可治疗，听说南去一百五十里地名潭中，有一老翁精于针砭，常常隐藏自己不以此术自鸣得意，于是改换姓名，疾赴其所乞求治疗，老翁说：这是药毒啊。您大概懂医，先前中毒很深了，不发则罢，发了必定难治，不是我的力量所能及的。何不回去质问陈天士呢？天士大惊，急忙回家，疽遂溃破，神昏而死。我认为陈虽能医，技艺还不够精湛。
《秋镫丛话》说：北方商人贸易江南，喜欢吃猪头，一次吃几个人的量，有精通岐黄之术的人见到他，对他的仆人说：每餐如此，已经十多年了。医生说：病将要发作，凡药不能治了。等到他回去，尾随他北上，打算作为奇货可居。很久平安无事，又仔细询问他的仆人说：主人饭后必满饮松萝茶几杯。医生恍然大悟说：这种毒只有松萝可以解。怅然而返。假使陈能像这个商人预先防备，怎么会成为不治之症呢？
《外科正宗》一书，近代盛行，医者相信并遵从，往往用铍针及三品一条枪等方法，误人不小。这本书徐灵胎有评本，我曾经从陈载庵处借录一遍，后来许辛木又加注疏，嘱咐我为其校正，将用来救治世医的弊端，已经付印了。恰逢寇乱中途停止，我所录的本子，也毁于战火。辛酉年秋天，避难于东林山后，从汤欣庵处借录副本，因此摘录于此，让学习外科的人观看，或许不被这本书所误。《正宗》说：初起未成的，用铍针当顶点刺入知痛处，放出恶血，通其疮窍，随即插入蟾酥条直至疮底。见（“脑疽论”后。）评语说：这是必死之法，误尽苍生。那些不死的人，也必定卧床几个月，服用大补的药而后才能安宁。
《正宗》说：铍针当顶插入知痛处方止，随即用蟾蜍条插至孔底。（见“神妙拨根方”下。）又说：三日后加添插药，其根高肿作疼。评语说：凡是疮未成的，一见血则毒走肌伤，轻者变重，重则必死。况且又插入药条，以致痛极腐烂，断无消散之理，这种恶法，害人不浅。然而这原本说阴症应当用此法，乃近人不知，不论阴症阳症，轻病重病，都用此法，杀人无数，间或有痊愈的，都是痛苦哀号，死里逃生，却都奉为金科玉律，举世皆然，无人纠正，岂不伤心？又评语说：用此法的人，我眼中已经看见杀了几十人了，就是真阴症也不宜用，何况阴症千不得一，不是平塌的就是阴症吗。
评语三品一条枪后说：这是治疗恶毒顽疮，间有可用，近日庸医不论什么疮，都用此法，杀人无数，深为可恨。制方之人，原来只用来治疗不知痛痒即死肌顽肉，谁知后世恶人，竟成为必用之品，不得不归咎于始作俑者。我因而想到周岷帆学士患瘤，被费某用三品一条枪致死，见（“医鉴门”），是由于没有看到徐灵胎的评语的缘故。医者专主一家之言，不知道虚怀好学，博采精研，而想要免于误人，怎么可能呢？
Treatment for pustular scabies involves using fifty seeds of *Aleurites fordii* (Da Feng Zi), fifty seeds of *Ricinus communis* (Bi Ma Zi), and three qian of *Cnidium monnieri* (She Chuang Zi) (the above three ingredients are ground into fine powder and packed separately). Half a qian of *Ephedrae Herba* (Ma Huang), three *Mylabris* (Ban Mao) (with wings and feet removed), and one liang of male pig fat. First, fry the *Ephedrae Herba* and *Mylabris* together in the pig fat until charred, filter out all dregs, then add the first three ingredients, simmer slowly until the dregs turn black, then remove. Wrap in a silk bag and frequently rub onto the affected area. This prescription was passed down by Wu Zijia, who claimed it had been tested and was very effective.
Zijia also transmitted a miraculous formula for treating carbuncles on the back, any unnamed severe toxins, as well as sores and boils, named Xun Feng Sao Tuo San (Rapid Wind Sweeping Husk Powder), claiming it originated from Changshu and had never failed in repeated trials. It uses seven slices of *Manis pentadactyla* (Chuan Shan Jia), seven *Scolopendra* (Wu Gong) (heads and feet removed), five qian of *Bombyx Batryticatus* (Chan Tui) washed, two qian of *Bombyx Batryticatus* (Jiang Can) stir-fried to remove silk, two and a half qian of *Boswellia carterii* (Ru Xiang) de-oiled, two and a half qian of *Myrrha* (Mo Yao) de-oiled, seven *Scorpio* (Quan Xie) (complete head and feet, soaked in wine, intestines removed), seven *Mylabris* (Ban Mao) (wings and feet removed, stir-fried with glutinous rice), five qian of Realgar (Xiong Huang), one qian of *Moschus* (She Xiang), eight fen of *Borneolum Syntheticum* (Bing Pian), and one liang five qian of *Galae Chinensis* (Wu Bei Zi). All are ground into a fine powder, dried in the sun, avoiding fire, sprinkled on the toxin, and covered with ordinary plaster. The effect is miraculous. For severe toxins, add a small amount of Sheng Dan (Calculus Mercurii), mixed with the powder. The Sheng Dan must be self-made; those bought in the market are ineffective.
Sheng Dan Formula: One liang of Hydrargyrum (Shui Yin), one liang two qian of Alumen (Bai Fan), one liang two qian of Natrii Sulfas (Ya Xiao) (Pi Xiao cannot be used). First grind Alumen and Natrii Sulfas finely, then add Hydrargyrum. Place the medicine in a small pot, cover with a coarse bowl. Seal the rim with wet paper strips made from thin white bark paper, sprinkle fine Alumen powder on the paper, cover the bottom of the bowl completely with Gypsum Fibrosum (Sheng Shi Gao), press with an iron scale weight, and fix four large nails into the mud. Burn three incense sticks of hard charcoal (protect surroundings with bricks to ensure strong heat). The first stick uses low heat, the second medium-high heat (prevent leakage between the first and second sticks), the third high heat while fanning. After cooling, open to reveal the formed calculus. (The calculus is on the lid; discard the dregs.)
Medical texts discussing internal abscesses generally detail those of the lung, stomach, large intestine, and small intestine, omitting other organs. In my hometown, a patient suffered from liver abscess (Gan Yong). The physician misdiagnosed it as lung abscess (Fei Yong). After medication, the condition worsened critically. Zhang Menglu, a scholar, diagnosed it as liver abscess treated incorrectly, but it was untreatable, and the patient died. According to the *Neijing*: "Dull pain at Qimen indicates liver abscess (Gan Ju); slight swelling of the flesh above indicates liver abscess." It also states: "Liver abscess presents with fullness in both hypochondria, waking in fright during sleep, and inability to urinate." Thus, the symptoms are relatively easy to distinguish; it is merely that common physicians lack learning, leading to fatal errors. Chen Yuangong stated: "Liver abscess occurs on the left, not the right. The skin on the left hypochondrium must show red-purple discoloration, and the tongue must appear cyanotic. Treatment must focus on soothing the liver, assisted by clearing heat and detoxifying. Use Hua Gan Xiao Du Tang: Bai Shao and Dang Gui each three liang, Jin Yin Hua five liang, Hei Zhi Zhi five qian, Sheng Gan Cao three qian, decocted in water. Its treatment differs significantly from lung abscess."
Wang Hongxu, in *Waike Quansheng Ji*, commented on *Fengshi Jinnang*'s treatment of yin abscesses (Yin Ju), advocating warming tonification combined with expelling pus. He argued that since initial lesions are flat, expulsion methods should not be used? If expulsion succeeds, ulceration is preferred. Even for metastatic nodules or malignant lymphadenopathy, if ulceration occurs, expulsion should still be avoided; otherwise, while existing ulcers heal, new ones may proliferate. Therefore, he established Yang He Tang for treatment (Shu Di Huang one liang, Lu Jiao Jiao three qian, Bai Jie Zi two qian, Rou Gui one qian, Gan Cao one qian, Ma Huang five fen, Jiang Tan five fen). For large, flat, painless abscesses, double the Shu Di Huang. Yan Jian-san followed this method for yin syndromes throughout his life, achieving remarkable results. Once, in June, he treated a man with widespread heat-toxin, except for a single abscess on the abdomen that was flat and painless. The pulse was deep, faint, and weak. He prescribed Yang He Tang with added Fu Zi and Huang Qi. The abscess resolved and healed. Heat-toxin manifests on the exterior, whereas yin abscesses root internally; thus, treating the root is essential. Reflecting on ancient formulas for all sores and abscesses, such as Xian Fang Huo Ming Yin, which resolves unformed lesions and promotes ulceration of formed ones, hailed as the holy medicine for sores, it contains cooling herbs like Jin Yin Hua, Chi Shao, Hua Fen, and Bei Mu when applied to yin abscesses. It is inferior to Yang He Tang, which specializes in warming tonification, eliminating disease before it arises.
Xu Xinmu, a department official from Haining, was proficient in medical theory, especially surgery. His plasters and pills were made only from premium herbs, personally refined, saving many critical cases. He once said that for lymphadenitis (Luo Li), oral medication is hardest to effect, and external treatments lack good formulas. He tried *Wangshi Quansheng Ji*'s Xiao He Gao, but in cases of heavy accumulated heat, it turned red and swollen, likely due to toxic and harsh ingredients. Therefore, he used Kong Xian Dan as the main component, adding Ma Huang to make a plaster, which proved widely effective. His late friend Tang Xu added several more ingredients, after which seekers came continuously. Not only for lymphadenitis, but also for phlegm nodules and breast cancer, applying this plaster initially causes resolution; even for long-standing cases, while they may not fully resolve, they do not enlarge further. The brilliance lies in the absence of toxic herbs like Ban Mao, Wu Gong, and Quan Xie; it causes no harm even applied to healthy skin. A doctor's daughter in Shimen had lymphadenitis on her neck for over ten years, self-treatment failed, and some ulcerated. Hearing of the official's self-made Xiao He Gao, she sought it. Unulcerated areas were treated with this plaster, ulcerated areas with Yang He Jie Ning Gao (see *Quansheng Ji*), and Jiu Yi Dan. Each time dozens of sheets were requested. After months, un-ulcerated lesions resolved, ulcerated ones healed, and there was no recurrence. She later married and had children. Many were cured by this formula. Ingredients: Zhi Gan Sui two liang, Hong Ya Da Ji three liang, Bai Jie Zi eight qian, Ma Huang four qian, Sheng Nan Xing one liang six qian, Zhi Tian Chong one liang six qian, Po Xiao one liang six qian, Teng Huang one liang six qian, Jiang Ban Xia one liang six qian. Jiu Yi Dan: Nine parts Jiang Yao (reducing agent), one part Sheng Shi Gao.
Surgical conditions often resemble internal medicine diseases, requiring careful differentiation. Initially, various sores and toxins presenting with aversion to cold and fever must not be mistaken for Shang Han (Cold Damage). Gu Cao Feng (Bone trough wind) must not be mistaken for toothache; He Xi Feng (Crane knee wind) must not be mistaken for painful bi-syndrome; hemorrhoidal blood must not be mistaken for intestinal bleeding; lung abscess must not be mistaken for exogenous cough; intestinal abscess must not be mistaken for general abdominal pain. There are many such cases, not exhaustively listed here.
*Zhizhi Tan Er* records Chen Tianshi, a surgeon from old Qingpu Town, whose fame spread far and wide, receiving dozens of patients daily. His medicines were secret and applied manually. Years of exposure to medicinal vapors led to a malignant sore on his thumb in his later years. Knowing it was incurable, he heard of an old man in Tanzhong, 150 li south, skilled in acupuncture and moxibustion, who kept a low profile. Chen changed his name and rushed to seek treatment. The old man said: "This is medicinal toxicity. You likely know medicine; you were poisoned deeply. If it does not erupt, fine; if it erupts, it will be difficult to treat, beyond my power. Why not go question Chen Tianshi?" Chen was terrified, returned home quickly, the sore erupted, and he died in delirium. I believe although Chen could practice medicine, his skills were not yet refined.
*Qiudeng Conghua* states: A northern merchant trading in Jiangnan loved eating pig heads, consuming the equivalent of several people per meal. A physician skilled in Qi-Huang arts saw him and told his servant: "Eating like this for over ten years... Disease will arise; no medicine can cure it." Following him north upon his return, intending to sell this insight as a rare commodity. After a long time, he remained safe. Investigating further, the servant revealed: "After meals, the master always drinks several cups of Songluo tea." The physician realized: "Only Songluo can解毒 this toxin." He returned disappointed. If Chen had foreseen prevention like this merchant, how would he have become incurable?
*Waike Zhengzong* is popular in recent times; physicians trust and follow it, often using Pi Zhen (Needle) and San Pin Yi Tiao Qiang methods, causing much error. Xu Lingtai has a commentary version. I borrowed and copied it from Chen Zai'an. Later, Xu Xinmu added annotations and asked me to correct them, aiming to remedy the faults of contemporary surgeons. It was prepared for publication but interrupted by war. My copy was destroyed. In autumn of Xinyou, taking refuge behind Donglin Mountain, I borrowed a duplicate from Tang Xin'an and excerpted it here for surgical students to observe, hopefully preventing them from being misled by the book. *Zhengzong* states: For early-stage unformed lesions, use Pi Zhen to puncture the peak at the point of pain, release evil blood, open the orifice, and insert Chan Su strip to the bottom. (See after "Brain Carbuncle Discussion".) Commentary says: This is a fatal method, misleading countless people. Those who survive must lie in bed for months and take major tonics to recover.
*Zhengzong* states: Insert Pi Zhen to the point of pain, then insert Toad strip to the bottom. (See under "Miraculous Root-Pulling Formula".) Also: Add inserted medicine after three days, causing the root to swell and hurt. Commentary says: For unformed sores, once blood appears, toxin spreads damaging muscles. Mild cases worsen; severe cases die. Moreover, inserting medicinal strips causes extreme pain and rotting; resolution is impossible. This evil method harms people deeply. Although originally stated for yin syndromes, modern practitioners ignore this, using it for all yin/yang, mild/severe cases, killing countless people. Survivors endure agony, escaping death, yet revere it as golden rules. The world follows suit; no one corrects it, which is heartbreaking. Another commentary note: I have seen dozens killed by this method. Even true yin syndromes should not use it. Yin syndromes are rare (one in a thousand); not all flat lesions are yin syndromes.
Commentary after San Pin Yi Tiao Qiang: This treats malignant stubborn sores, occasionally usable. Recently, quack doctors use it for any sore, killing countless people, detestable. The formulator intended it only for numb, dead tissue/stubborn flesh. Who knew later malicious people would make it a mandatory item? Blame must fall on the originator. I recall Academician Zhou Minfan died of a tumor caused by Fei using San Pin Yi Tiao Qiang (see "Medical Mirror Gate"), precisely because he did not see Xu's commentary. Physicians sticking to one school, lacking humility and broad research, hope to avoid error? Impossible.