络穴俱在两经中间,乃交经过络之处。十二经络周流迭运,荣于肢节。另有三络,阳跷络、阴跷络、脾之
络是也。此与形色问证出《医经国小》。
手太阴络为列缺,手少阴络即通里,手厥阴络为内关,手太阳络支正是,手阳明络偏历当,手少阳络外关
位,足太阳络号飞扬,足阳明络丰隆议,足少阳络为光明,足太阴络公孙寄,足少阴络名大钟,足厥阴络蠡沟
配,阳督之络号长强,阴任络乃会阴地,脾大络号称大包,十五络穴君须记。
督脉起自下极俞,并于脊里上风府,过脑额鼻入龈交,为阳脉海都纲要。(督之为言都也。阳脉都会,
男子之主。)任脉起于中极底,上腹循喉承浆里,阴脉之海妊所谓。(生养之源,女子之主。冲脉即气冲,乃
胃脉发源。)出胞循脊中,从腹会咽络口唇,女人成经为血室,脉并少阴之肾经,与任督本于阴会,(督任气冲)
三脉并起而异行。(皆始于气冲,一原而分三歧。督脉行背而应乎阳,任脉行腹而应乎阴,冲脉自足至头,
若冲冲而直行于上,为十二经脉之海,总领诸经气血也。三脉固起于气冲,气冲又起胃脉源,知此则知胃气为本
矣。)阳跷起足之跟里,循外踝上(申脉)入风池,(脉行于背为阳。)阴跷内踝(照海)循咽嗌,(脉行于腹为
阴。跷者,捷也。言此脉之行,如足之捷也。)本足阴阳脉别支,诸阴交起阴维脉,发足少阴筑宾 ,诸阳会
起阳维脉,太阳之 金门是。(维,持也。阳维,持诸阳;阴维,持诸阴。阴阳不相继,则怅然失志,不能自收
拾主持其身。故阳维病属表多寒热,阴维病属里多心痛。阳维所发,别于金门,以阳交为 ,与手足太阳及跷脉
会于肩俞,与手足少阳会于天 及会肩井,与足少阳会于阳白,上本神、临泣、正营、脑空,下至风池,与督
脉会于风池、哑门。此阳维之脉起于诸阳之交也。阴维之 曰筑宾,与足太阴、厥阴会于府舍、期门,又与任
脉会于廉泉、天突。此阴维起于诸阴之交会也。)带脉周回季肋间,(环回周身,总束诸脉,果束带然。起于
季肋,即章门胁下,接腰骨之间。)会于维道足少阳,脏腑筋骨髓气血脉,交相维系顺其常。
此奇经八脉,相连相会,维系诸经,乃顺其常,八脉隆甚,入于八脉,泛溢横流,却不还流于诸经,故十二
经亦不能拘制。因此受邪蓄热则为疮疡、热毒,当以砭刺也。经云∶腑会中脘穴,脏会章门穴,筋会阳陵泉穴,
髓会绝骨穴,血会膈俞穴,骨会大杼穴,脉会太渊穴,气会膻中穴,此八会之穴也。
络穴均位于两条经脉的中间,是经络相互交会、经过联络的部位。十二正经的气血循环往复、运行不息,滋养四肢关节。此外还有三条特殊的络脉,即阳跷络、阴跷络和脾之大络。这段关于形态与问诊的内容出自《医经国小》。
手太阴肺经的络穴名为列缺,手少阴心经的络穴即为通里,手厥阴心包经的络穴为内关,手太阳小肠经的络穴为支正,手阳明大肠经的络穴为偏历,手少阳三焦经的络穴为外关;足太阳膀胱经的络穴称为飞扬,足阳明胃经的络穴为丰隆,足少阳胆经的络穴为光明,足太阴脾经的络穴为公孙,足少阴肾经的络穴名为大钟,足厥阴肝经的络穴为蠡沟;督脉的大络穴号为长强,任脉的大络穴位于会阴,脾之大络穴号称大包,这十五个络穴您必须牢记。
督脉起始于下极俞(尾骨端),沿着脊柱内部上行至风府穴,穿过脑部,经过前额、鼻部,进入上齿龈的龈交穴,它是所有阳经的总汇,也是其纲要所在。(“督”意为统都,是阳经气血汇聚之处,为男子之主。)任脉起始于中极穴底部,沿腹部上行,经过喉咙到达承浆穴,它是所有阴经的总汇,所谓“妊”,指孕育生命之源,为女子之主。冲脉起于气冲穴,乃胃经气血的发源地,从胞宫出发,沿着脊柱内部上行,在腹部与咽喉相连,环绕口唇,女性以此形成月经的血室。冲脉并合于足少阴肾经,与任脉、督脉同源于阴部交会处。(督脉、任脉、冲脉皆起于气冲穴,同源而分为三支。督脉行于背部以应阳气,任脉行于腹部以应阴气,冲脉自足部上行至头部,气势汹涌而直行向上,被称为十二经脉之海,统领各条经脉的气血。这三条脉固然起于气冲穴,而气冲穴又源自胃经气血,知晓这一点就知道胃气是根本了。)
阳跷脉起始于足跟内侧,沿着外踝上行(经过申脉穴)进入风池穴。(脉行于背部属阳。)阴跷脉起始于内踝(经过照海穴)沿着咽喉上行。(脉行于腹部属阴。“跷”意为轻捷,形容此脉的运行如同脚部动作般轻快敏捷。)它们本是足部阴阳经脉的分支。诸阴经交汇之处产生阴维脉,发源于足少阴肾经的筑宾穴;诸阳经交汇之处产生阳维脉,发源于足太阳膀胱经的金门穴。(“维”意为维系。阳维脉维系诸阳经,阴维脉维系诸阴经。如果阴阳不能相继维系,人就会感到惆怅失意,无法自主地控制身体。因此,阳维脉发病多表现为表证,常见寒热往来;阴维脉发病多表现为里证,常见心痛。阳维脉的起点在金门穴之外,通过阳交穴,与手足太阳经及跷脉在肩髃穴交会,与手足少阳经在天牖穴及肩井穴交会,与足少阳胆经在阳白穴交会,向上经过本神、足临泣、正营、脑空穴,向下到达风池穴,与督脉在风池、哑门穴交会。这就是阳维脉起于诸阳经交会处的情况。阴维脉的起点称为筑宾,与足太阴脾经、足厥阴肝经在府舍、期门穴交会,又与任脉在廉泉、天突穴交会。这就是阴维脉起于诸阴经交会处的情况。)
带脉环绕在季肋之间,(环抱周身,总束各条经脉,果然像束带一样。它起始于季肋,即章门穴胁下,连接腰骨之间。)在足少阳胆经的维道穴处与其他经脉交会。脏腑、筋、髓、骨、血、脉等组织,相互维系以维持正常生理状态。
这奇经八脉,相互连接交会,维系着十二正经,这是正常的生理状态。如果八脉之气过于隆盛,溢入奇经之中,泛滥横流,却不回流到十二正经,那么十二正经也就无法制约它们。因此,若受邪气侵袭或蓄积热毒,就会发生疮疡、热毒病症,应当采用砭石刺法治疗。经文说:腑的会穴是中脘穴,脏的会穴是章门穴,筋的会穴是阳陵泉穴,髓的会穴是绝骨穴,血的会穴是膈俞穴,骨的会穴是大杼穴,脉的会穴是太渊穴,气的会穴是膻中穴,这八个穴位就是所谓的“八会穴”。
The Luo-connecting points are all located in the middle of two meridians, serving as the sites where meridians intersect and connect. The Qi and Blood of the Twelve Regular Meridians circulate continuously and alternately, nourishing the limbs and joints. Additionally, there are three special Luo vessels: the Yang Qiao Luo vessel, the Yin Qiao Luo vessel, and the Large Luo vessel of the Spleen. This content regarding morphology and symptom inquiry is derived from *Yi Jing Guo Xiao* (Small Book of Medical Classics).
The Luo vessel of the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian is Lieque (LU-7); the Luo vessel of the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian is Tongli (HT-5); the Luo vessel of the Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian is Neiguan (PC-6); the Luo vessel of the Hand Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian is Zhizheng (SI-8); the Luo vessel of the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian is Pianli (LI-6); the Luo vessel of the Hand Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian is Waiguan (TE-5); the Luo vessel of the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian is Feiyang (BL-58); the Luo vessel of the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian is Fenglong (ST-40); the Luo vessel of the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian is Guangming (GB-37); the Luo vessel of the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian is Gongsun (SP-4); the Luo vessel of the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian is Dazhong (KI-4); the Luo vessel of the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian is Ligou (LR-5); the Large Luo vessel of the Du Meridian is Changqiang (GV-1); the Large Luo vessel of the Ren Meridian is located at Huiyin (CV-1); and the Large Luo vessel of the Spleen is called Dabao (SP-21). You must memorize these fifteen Luo-connecting points.
The Du Meridian (Governing Vessel) originates at Xiaji Shu (the tip of the coccyx), runs along the interior of the spine to Fengfu (GV-16), passes through the brain, traverses the forehead and nose, and enters the upper gum at Yingjiao (GV-28). It is the sea of all Yang meridians and serves as their general outline. ("Du" implies a capital or gathering place; it is the convergence of Yang meridians and the master of men.) The Ren Meridian (Conception Vessel) originates at the bottom of Zhongji (CV-3), ascends along the abdomen, follows the throat, and reaches Chengjiang (CV-24). It is the sea of all Yin meridians, so-called "Ren" (bearing/gestation), referring to the source of life and generation, and is the master of women. The Chong Meridian (Penetrating Vessel) originates at Qichong (ST-30), which is the source of Stomach Meridian Qi. It emerges from the uterus, runs along the interior of the spine, connects with the throat in the abdomen, and circles the lips. In women, it forms the blood chamber for menstruation. The Chong Meridian joins with the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The Chong, Ren, and Du meridians originate from the same intersection in the Yin region. (All three originate at Qichong, sharing one source but dividing into three branches. The Du Meridian travels on the back corresponding to Yang; the Ren Meridian travels on the abdomen corresponding to Yin; the Chong Meridian rises from the foot to the head, surging straight upward, known as the Sea of the Twelve Meridians, commanding the Qi and Blood of all meridians. Although these three meridians originate at Qichong, and Qichong itself originates from the Stomach Meridian's source, understanding this reveals that Stomach Qi is the root.)
The Yang Qiao Meridian originates from the heel, runs along the lateral malleolus upward (passing Shenmai BL-62) to Fengchi (GB-20). (Meridians traveling on the back belong to Yang.) The Yin Qiao Meridian originates from the medial malleolus (passing Zhaohai KI-6) and follows the throat upward. (Meridians traveling on the abdomen belong to Yin. "Qiao" means agile; this describes the meridian's movement being as swift as the feet.) These are originally branch meridians of the Foot Yin and Yang meridians. The Yin Wei Meridian (Linking Vessel) arises from the convergence of various Yin meridians, originating at Zhubin (KI-9) of the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The Yang Wei Meridian arises from the convergence of various Yang meridians, originating at Jinmen (BL-63) of the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian. ("Wei" means to hold or maintain. The Yang Wei maintains the Yang meridians; the Yin Wei maintains the Yin meridians. If Yin and Yang cannot maintain continuity, one feels despondent and loses self-control. Therefore, diseases of the Yang Wei often manifest as exterior patterns with alternating chills and fever; diseases of the Yin Wei often manifest as interior patterns with heart pain. The Yang Wei originates separately from Jinmen, passing through Yangjiao (GB-35), converging with the Hand and Foot Taiyang meridians and the Qiao meridians at Jianyu (LI-15); converging with the Hand and Foot Shaoyang meridians at Tianyou (TE-16) and Jianjing (GB-21); converging with the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian at Yangbai (GB-14); ascending through Benshen (GB-13), Zulinqi (GB-41), Zhengying (ST-17), and Naokong (GB-18); descending to Fengchi (GB-20), where it converges with the Du Meridian at Fengchi (GB-20) and Yamen (GV-15). This is how the Yang Wei Meridian originates from the convergence of various Yang meridians. The starting point of the Yin Wei is Zhubin (KI-9), converging with the Foot Taiyin Spleen and Foot Jueyin Liver meridians at Fushhe (SP-13) and Qimen (LR-14), and further converging with the Ren Meridian at Lianquan (CV-23) and Tiantu (CV-22). This is how the Yin Wei Meridian originates from the convergence of various Yin meridians.)
The Dai Meridian (Girdle Vessel) encircles the hypochondriac region. (It wraps around the body, binding all meridians, much like a belt. It originates at the hypochondrium, specifically below Zhangmen (LR-13), connecting between the waist bones.) It converges with the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian at Weidao (GB-26). The Zang-Fu organs, tendons, marrow, bones, blood, and vessels are mutually maintained to follow normal physiological functions.
These Eight Extraordinary Vessels are connected and interwoven, maintaining the regular meridians, which constitutes the normal state. If the Qi of the Eight Vessels becomes overly abundant and flows into them, overflowing laterally without returning to the Twelve Regular Meridians, then the Twelve Regular Meridians cannot restrain them. Consequently, if pathogenic factors invade or heat toxins accumulate, sores and carbuncles or heat-toxin conditions may arise, requiring treatment with bian stone pricking. The classics state: The Hui-Meeting point of the Fu organs is Zhongwan (CV-12); the Hui-Meeting point of the Zang organs is Zhangmen (LR-13); the Hui-Meeting point of the tendons is Yanglingquan (GB-34); the Hui-Meeting point of the marrow is Jiexu (GB-39); the Hui-Meeting point of the blood is Ge Shu (BL-17); the Hui-Meeting point of the bones is Dazhu (BL-11); the Hui-Meeting point of the vessels is Taiyuan (LU-9); and the Hui-Meeting point of the Qi is Danzhong (CV-17). These eight acupoints are known as the Eight Hui-Meeting Points.