无毒。主百邪鬼疰、蛊毒恶气，去疫疾温疟。久服强悍，益气延年。三月采根，蜜拌蒸三时，日干。
石下长卿 味咸，平，有毒。主鬼疰精邪恶气，杀蛊毒老魅，啼哭悲伤，易忘恍惚。
被子 味甘，温，有毒。主腹中邪气，蛊毒鬼疰伏尸，去三虫蛇螫。
头垢 温。治淋闭，主噎，疗劳复、蛊毒、蕈毒。百邪鬼魅，马肝杀人，并可服之。蜈蚣犬咬，竹木刺入
肉，并外敷之。
海马 出西海。大小如守宫虫，首若马，身如虾，背伛偻有竹节纹，长二三寸，色黄褐，以雌雄各一为对。
性温，平，无毒。主妇人难产，带之于身神效，或烧灰酒下，亦入血气药中。采之日干，酥炙。
蜗牛 即蜒蚰。有四角，背上别有肉以负壳行。味咸，寒，有毒。治发背，取活者一升置瓶中，以井水浸
一宿取出，涎水调蛤粉敷之，日十余度则痛止疮愈。齿 有虫，烧壳灰揩之，效。大肠虚脱，烧灰猪脂调敷，
立缩。蜈蚣咬，取汁涂之。又主贼风 僻，筋急腕跌，小儿惊痫疳疾。入药妙用。
地胆 出梁州。状如大马蚁，有翼。味辛，寒，有毒。主寒热鼠 ，恶疮死肌，蚀疮中恶肉，鼻中 肉，
鼻，能宣瘰 根，从小便出。兼破石淋、 瘕，堕胎，散结气，杀鬼疰蛊毒。恶甘草。抑考陶隐居云∶此一
虫五变，疗皆相似。二三月在芫花上，呼为芫青，颇似斑蝥，但纯青绿色，背上一道黄文，尖喙；四五月在王
不留行上，呼王不留行虫，六七月在葛花上，呼为葛上亭长，形似芫青，但身黑而头赤，如亭长之着玄衣赤帻
也；八月在豆花上，呼为斑蝥；九月、十月欲还地蛰，呼为地胆，随时变耳。各以时采，阴干，制同斑蝥。
贝子 出东海，洁白如鱼齿。古人用以饰军服，云南用为钱货易。味咸，平，有毒。主
点目翳，去鬼疰蛊毒、腹痛下血，破五淋，利水道，消浮肿，除寒热温疟，解肌散结热，杀饮食中毒，小儿疳
蚀吐乳。入药，酒洗火 ，细研水飞用。
紫贝 形似贝而圆，大二三寸，紫质黑文。肉咸，平，无毒。似蛤蜊。食之解热毒、酒毒，壳 灰敷痈疽，
点眼明目去翳。
萤火 是腐草得大火气化成。味辛，温，无毒。主青盲明目，小儿火疮伤热气，蛊毒鬼疰，通神精。七夕
采，阴干。
马陆 即百节虫。长二三寸，大如小指，身如槎，节节有细蹙纹起，色紫黑光润，百足，死则侧卧如环。
味辛，温，有毒。主恶疮、 肉、白秃，去坚 积聚，疗寒、热痞结胁满。有人自服一枚便死。和糠炒，令糠
焦黑，去头足研用。
石蚕 在处有之，生水中石上，作茧以蔽其身，蚕在其中。味咸，寒，有毒。主五癃石淋，解结气，利水
道，除热，堕胎。
仙遗粮 又名土茯苓，味甘、辛，热，无毒。善治久病杨梅、痈漏，及曾误服轻粉肢体废坏、筋骨疼痛
者，能收其毒而祛其风，补其虚。若初起肺热便秘者不宜，寻常老弱亦可服之，健筋骨。得川椒、皂角良。
无毒。主治各种邪气鬼疰、蛊毒恶气，祛除疫疾温疟。长期服用可使身体强健，益气延年。三月采集根部，用蜜拌蒸三个时辰，再晒干。
石下长卿 味咸，性平，有毒。主治鬼疰精邪恶气，杀灭蛊毒老魅（致人啼哭悲伤、健忘恍惚的邪祟）。
被子 味甘，性温，有毒。主治腹中邪气，蛊毒鬼疰伏尸（潜伏体内的死人之气），祛除三虫及蛇咬伤。
头垢 性温。治疗淋证闭塞，主治噎膈，疗治劳复（病后因劳累复发）、蛊毒、蕈毒（菌类中毒）。各种邪气鬼魅、马肝杀人（误食马肝所致中毒），均可服用。蜈蚣犬咬，竹木刺入肉中，均外敷使用。
海马 产于西海。大小如守宫虫（壁虎），头部像马，身体像虾，背部弯曲有竹节状纹路，长二三寸，颜色黄褐，以雌雄各一为一对。性温，平，无毒。主治妇人难产，随身携带神效，或烧成灰后用酒送服，也可加入调理血气的药方中。采集后晒干，用酥油炙烤。
蜗牛 即蜒蚰。有四只角，背上另有肉用以背负壳行走。味咸，性寒，有毒。治疗发背（背部痈疽），取活蜗牛一升放入瓶中，用井水浸泡一夜取出，用其涎水调和蛤粉外敷，每日十余次则疼痛停止疮口愈合。牙齿有虫，烧壳灰擦拭，有效。大肠虚脱，烧灰用猪脂调和外敷，立即收缩。蜈蚣咬伤，取汁液涂抹。又主治贼风偏枯（中风面瘫），筋脉拘急腕部跌伤，小儿惊痫疳疾。入药妙用。
地胆 产于梁州。形状如大马蚁，有翅膀。味辛，性寒，有毒。主治寒热鼠瘘（淋巴结结核），恶疮死肌，腐蚀疮中恶肉，鼻中息肉，鼻渊，能宣散瘰疬根结，从小便排出。兼破石淋、癥瘕，堕胎，散结气，杀鬼疰蛊毒。畏甘草。考察陶隐居说：这一种虫子五次变化，疗效都相似。二三月在芫花上，称为芫青，颇似斑蝥，但纯青绿色，背上一道黄纹，尖嘴；四五月在王不留行上，称为王不留行虫；六七月在葛花上，称为葛上亭长，形状似芫青，但身黑头赤，像亭长穿黑衣戴红帽；八月在豆花上，称为斑蝥；九月、十月欲回地冬眠，称为地胆，随时间变化而已。各按时令采集，阴干，炮制方法同斑蝥。
贝子 产于东海，洁白如鱼齿。古人用来装饰军服，云南用作钱币交易。味咸，性平，有毒。主治点目翳（去除眼膜），祛除鬼疰蛊毒、腹痛下血，破五淋，利水道，消浮肿，除寒热温疟，解肌散结热，杀饮食中毒，小儿疳蚀吐乳。入药时，用酒洗火炒，细研后水飞用。
紫贝 形状像贝但圆润，大二三寸，紫色质地黑色纹理。肉质咸，性平，无毒。类似蛤蜊。食用可解热毒、酒毒，壳灰敷痈疽，点眼明目去翳。
萤火 是腐草得大火气化成。味辛，性温，无毒。主治青盲明目，小儿火疮伤热气，蛊毒鬼疰，通神精。七夕采集，阴干。
马陆 即百节虫。长二三寸，大如小指，身体像木筏，节节有细皱褶纹路，颜色紫黑光润，百足，死后侧卧如环。味辛，性温，有毒。主治恶疮、息肉、白秃，去坚硬积聚，疗寒、热痞结胁满。有人自服一枚便死。和糠一起炒，让糠焦黑，去头足研末使用。
石蚕 到处都有，生长在水中石头上，作茧遮蔽身体，蚕在其中。味咸，性寒，有毒。主治五癃石淋，解结气，利水道，除热，堕胎。
仙遗粮 又名土茯苓，味甘、辛，性热，无毒。善于治疗久病杨梅疮、痈漏，以及曾误服轻粉导致肢体废坏、筋骨疼痛者，能收其毒而祛其风，补其虚。若初起肺热便秘者不宜，寻常老弱亦可服用，健筋骨。得川椒、皂角良。
Non-toxic. Mainly treats various evil influences, Gui Zhu (ghostly afflictions), Gu poison (gu worm poisoning), and malignant qi; removes epidemic diseases and warm malaria. Long-term use makes the body robust, benefits Qi, and prolongs life. Collect roots in March, mix with honey, steam for three shichen (6 hours), then dry in the sun.
Shixia Changqing (Stone-dwelling Elder) Salty flavor, neutral nature, toxic. Mainly treats Gui Zhu essence and evil influences, kills Gu poison and old demons causing weeping, sadness, forgetfulness, and trance.
Beizi (Quilt Shell) Sweet flavor, warm nature, toxic. Mainly treats evil qi in the abdomen, Gu poison, Gui Zhu, Fushi (latent corpse qi); removes three parasites and snake bites.
Tougou (Head Scum) Warm nature. Treats Lin syndrome (dysuria) and obstruction; mainly treats Yige (dysphagia/choking); treats Laofu (relapse due to overexertion), Gu poison, Xun du (mushroom poisoning). Various evil influences and ghosts, Ma Gan Sha Ren (death caused by eating horse liver), can all be taken internally. For Centipede or dog bites, bamboo/wood splinters embedded in flesh, apply externally.
Haima (Seahorse) Originates from the Western Sea. Size similar to Shou Gong Chong (gecko), head like a horse, body like a shrimp, back curved with bamboo-joint patterns, 2-3 cun long, yellow-brown color, used as pairs of male and female. Warm, neutral, non-toxic. Mainly treats difficult labor in women; carrying it on the body is spiritually effective, or burn to ash and take with wine; also enters blood and Qi formulas. Collect, dry in the sun, roast with butter.
Woniu (Snail) Also known as Yanyou. Has four horns, carries shell on its back using additional flesh. Salty flavor, cold nature, toxic. Treats Fabei (back carbuncle); take one sheng of live snails, place in a jar, soak in well water overnight, take out, mix saliva with Ge Fen (clam powder) for external application, more than ten times daily until pain stops and sore heals. For teeth with worms, burn shell to ash and rub; effective. For Da Chang Xu Tuo (prolapse of large intestine due to deficiency), burn to ash, mix with pig fat for external application, immediate retraction. For centipede bites, apply juice. Also mainly treats Zei Feng Pian Pi (stroke-induced hemiplegia/facial paralysis), Jin Ji Wan Die (tendon spasm/wrist sprain), Xiao Er Jing Xian Gan Ji (pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, malnutrition). Wonderful uses in herbal medicine.
Dichang (Ground Beetle) Originates from Liangzhou. Shape like a large ant, has wings. Pungent flavor, cold nature, toxic. Mainly treats Han Re Shu Liu (alternating chills and fever with scrofula), malignant sores, dead flesh; erodes malignant flesh in sores; nasal polyps, Bi Yuan (nasal sinusitis); can disperse Luo Li (scrofula) roots, expelling them via urine. Also breaks Shi Lin (stone strangury), Zheng Jia (masses), induces abortion, dissipates stagnant Qi, kills Gui Zhu and Gu poison. Incompatible with Gan Cao (Licorice Root). Investigation by Tao Hongjing states: This insect undergoes five transformations, and treatments are similar. In Feb-Mar on Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flower), called Yuan Qing, resembling Ban Mao but pure green with a yellow stripe on the back and pointed beak; Apr-May on Wang Bu Liu Xing (Vaccaria Seed), called Wang Bu Liu Xing Chong; Jun-Jul on Ge Hua (Kudzu Flower), called Ge Shang Ting Zhang, shape like Yuan Qing but black body red head, like an official in black clothes and red cap; Aug on Dou Hua (Bean Flower), called Ban Mao; Sep-Oct when returning to hibernate, called Dichang, changing with time. Collect according to season, dry in shade, processing same as Ban Mao.
Beizi (Cowrie Shell) Originates from East Sea, white and bright like fish teeth. Ancients used it to decorate military uniforms; Yunnan used it as currency. Salty flavor, neutral nature, toxic. Mainly treats Dian Mu Yi (removing corneal opacity); removes Gui Zhu, Gu poison, abdominal pain with bloody stool; breaks Wu Lin (five types of strangury); promotes urination; reduces edema; eliminates chills, fever, and warm malaria; releases muscle layer, dissipates nodular heat; kills food poisoning; treats Xiao Er Gan Shi Tu Ru (pediatric malnutrition erosion and vomiting milk). For herbal use, wash with wine, fire-roast, grind finely, and process by water flotation.
Zibei (Purple Cowrie) Shape like Beizi but round, 2-3 cun large, purple substance with black patterns. Flesh salty, neutral, non-toxic. Similar to Ge Li (clams). Eating resolves heat toxins and alcohol toxins; shell ash applied to yong ju (abscesses); points eyes to brighten vision and remove opacity.
Yinghuo (Firefly) Formed from rotting grass receiving intense fire energy. Pungent flavor, warm nature, non-toxic. Main treats Qing Mang (night blindness) and brightening eyes; Xiao Er Huo Chuang Shang Re Qi (pediatric burns/scalds with heat qi); Gu poison, Gui Zhu; connects Shen Jing (spiritual essence). Collect on Qixi Festival (7th day of 7th lunar month), dry in shade.
Malu (Millipede) Also known as Bai Jie Chong. 2-3 cun long, size like little finger, body like a raft, segments with fine wrinkled patterns, purple-black glossy, hundred legs, lies on side in a ring when dead. Pungent flavor, warm nature, toxic. Mainly treats malignant sores, Rou Rui (fleshy growths), Bai Tu (white tinea capitis); removes hard accumulations; treats cold, heat, Pi Jie (epigastric fullness/stuffiness), Xie Man (rib fullness). One person died after self-administering one piece. Stir-fry with bran until bran is charred black, remove head and feet, grind for use.
Shican (Stone Silkworm) Available everywhere, grows on stones in water, makes cocoon to cover body, silkworm inside. Salty flavor, cold nature, toxic. Mainly treats Wu Long Shi Lin (five stranguries and stone strangury); resolves stagnant Qi; promotes urination; clears heat; induces abortion.
Xianyiliang (Immortal Leftover Grain) Also known as Tu Fuling. Sweet and pungent flavors, hot nature, non-toxic. Good at treating chronic Yangmei Chu (syphilis sores), Yong Lou (carbuncle fistulas), and cases where Qing Fen (calomel) was mistakenly ingested causing limb disability and bone/joint pain; can absorb toxins, dispel wind, and tonify deficiency. Not suitable for early-stage Lung Heat with constipation; ordinary elderly and weak can take it to strengthen bones and muscles. Best combined with Chuan Jiao (Sichuan Pepper) and Zao Jiao (Gleditsia Sinensis).