痹与风病相似，但风则阳受之，痹则阴受之，故多沉着且痛。大凡邪中于经为痹，邪中
于络为痿。《金匮》云∶经热则痹，络热则痿。初病湿热在经，久则瘀热入络。
痹症有五原归一，皮脉与肌筋与骨。风行寒痛湿着彰，《内经》三气风寒湿。以致麻木疼
痛加，不能行动但能食。痹者闭不通之云，邪阻正气经络塞。皆由虚损腠理开，三气乘虚自
外袭。留滞于内为病多，湿痰浊血都凝涩。法治法邪养正先，畅达气血通络脉。峻补真阴为
属阴，风燥之品用不得。舒筋赤芍草姜黄，沉（香）汁归（当归）羌（活）海桐（皮）益。
湿热致痹（宜舒通脉络，使清阳流行）
生 法半夏 防风 桑枝膏 生术 川羌活 姜黄 川桂枝 陕当归 羚羊角
肉桂 炙甘草 汉防己 苡仁 生地 白茯苓 炙龟版 杏仁 阿胶 川通草 料豆
皮紫川朴 天花粉 绵茵陈 石膏 老苏梗 川石斛 湖丹皮 郁金
暑伤气，湿热入络为痹
人参 生于术 广皮 生姜汁 茯苓 半夏 川黄连 枳实 鲜竹沥 泽泻
寒湿为痹（宜微通其阳，兼通补法）
金狗脊 川杜仲 仙灵脾 熟附子 生虎骨 淮牛膝 川桂枝 白术 杞子 茯苓
防己 晚蚕砂 当归 萆 泽泻 苡仁
肝胆风热为痹（宜甘寒和阳法）
羚羊角 元参 桂枝 茯苓 石斛 杞子 白蒺藜 丹皮 桑枝 生地 天冬
肝胃虚滞为痹（阳气烦蒸当两补厥阴阳明）
黄 首乌 白蒺藜 于术 归身 料豆衣
气滞热郁为痹（因病后过食肥腻）
栝蒌皮 苏梗 广郁金 苦杏仁 橘皮 半夏曲
血虚络涩为痹
鲜赤首乌 童桑枝 黑芝麻 九制首乌 川桂枝
热入下焦血分为痹
归身 柏子仁 钩藤 川萆 牛膝 丹皮 白菊花 苡仁 生虎骨 茯苓
风寒湿入下焦经隧为痹（宜辛温以宣通经气）
活络丹 川乌 地龙 穿山甲 大黑豆皮
卫阳疏，风邪入络为痹（风淫治以甘寒法）
羚羊片 杏仁 海桐皮 元参 童桑枝 川桂枝 花粉 汉防己 连翘 绿豆皮
肝阴虚，疟邪入络为痹
大熟地 阿胶 天冬 五味 龟版胶 秋石 麦冬 茯神
气虚成痹
舒筋汤加黄 、广皮、茯苓、桂枝、防风根
营虚成痹
人参 归身 炙草 南枣 茯苓 白芍
桂枝
精血虚延痹
鹿角胶 枸杞子 桑椹子 天冬 茯苓 淡苁蓉 川杜仲 沙苑子 虎骨
陈参曰∶治痹之法只宜峻补真阴，宣通络脉，使气血得以流行，不得过用风燥药，以再伤真阴。
痹症与风病症状相似，但风邪多侵犯阳经，而痹邪多侵犯阴经，因此痹症往往病情深沉且伴有疼痛。大凡邪气侵入经脉则形成痹症，邪气侵入络脉则形成痿证。《金匮要略》说：经脉有热则导致痹症，络脉有热则导致痿证。初起时湿热之邪在经脉，日久则瘀热深入络脉。
痹症虽然分为五体（皮、脉、肌、筋、骨）之痹，但其根源归于一致。风气盛行、寒气致痛、湿气留着明显，《内经》指出由风、寒、湿三气杂至所致。这会导致麻木、疼痛加剧，肢体不能行动，但饮食如常。所谓“痹”，就是闭塞不通的意思，邪气阻滞正气，经络堵塞。这都是由于正气虚损，腠理疏松，风、寒、湿三气乘虚从外部侵袭。邪气留滞于体内致病，湿痰和浊血都会凝涩不畅。治疗法则应先扶正祛邪，通畅气血，疏通经络脉络。对于属阴的痹症，应当峻补真阴，禁用风燥性质的药物。可用舒筋赤芍、甘草、姜黄，以及沉香汁、当归、羌活、海桐皮等来益养。
【湿热致痹】（宜舒通脉络，使清阳流行）
生法半夏、防风、桑枝膏、生白术、川羌活、姜黄、川桂枝、陕当归、羚羊角、肉桂、炙甘草、汉防己、苡仁、生地、白茯苓、炙龟版、杏仁、阿胶、川通草、料豆皮、紫川朴、天花粉、绵茵陈、石膏、老苏梗、川石斛、湖丹皮、郁金。
【暑伤气，湿热入络为痹】
人参、生于术、广陈皮、生姜汁、茯苓、半夏、川黄连、枳实、鲜竹沥、泽泻。
【寒湿为痹】（宜微通其阳，兼用通补之法）
金狗脊、川杜仲、仙灵脾、熟附子、生虎骨、淮牛膝、川桂枝、白术、杞子、茯苓、防己、晚蚕砂、当归、萆薢、泽泻、苡仁。
【肝胆风热为痹】（宜甘寒和阳之法）
羚羊角、元参、桂枝、茯苓、石斛、杞子、白蒺藜、丹皮、桑枝、生地、天冬。
【肝胃虚滞为痹】（阳气烦蒸，当两补厥阴、阳明）
黄芪、首乌、白蒺藜、于术、归身、料豆衣。
【气滞热郁为痹】（因病后过食肥腻所致）
栝蒌皮、苏梗、广郁金、苦杏仁、橘皮、半夏曲。
【血虚络涩为痹】
鲜赤首乌、童桑枝、黑芝麻、九制首乌、川桂枝。
【热入下焦血分为痹】
归身、柏子仁、钩藤、川萆薢、牛膝、丹皮、白菊花、苡仁、生虎骨、茯苓。
【风寒湿入下焦经隧为痹】（宜辛温以宣通经气）
活络丹、川乌、地龙、穿山甲、大黑豆皮。
【卫阳疏，风邪入络为痹】（风淫治以甘寒法）
羚羊片、杏仁、海桐皮、元参、童桑枝、川桂枝、花粉、汉防己、连翘、绿豆皮。
【肝阴虚，疟邪入络为痹】
大熟地、阿胶、天冬、五味子、龟版胶、秋石、麦冬、茯神。
Bi syndrome (Obstruction Syndrome) resembles wind disease, but wind pathogen typically affects the Yang meridians, whereas Bi pathogen affects the Yin meridians; thus, Bi syndrome is often deep-seated and painful. Generally, when pathogenic factors invade the meridians (Jing), it results in Bi syndrome; when they invade the collaterals (Luo), it results in Wei syndrome (Flaccidity Syndrome). The *Jin Gui Yao Lue* states: Heat in the meridians leads to Bi, while heat in the collaterals leads to Wei. Initially, damp-heat resides in the meridians, but over time, stasis-heat enters the collaterals.
Although Bi syndrome manifests in five tissues—skin, vessels, muscle, sinews, and bone—their origins are unified. Wind prevalence causes pain from cold, and dampness causes lingering heaviness; as stated in the *Nei Jing*, these result from the mixture of Wind, Cold, and Dampness. This leads to numbness and intensified pain, inability to move, yet normal appetite. "Bi" implies obstruction and blockage; pathogenic factors obstruct righteous Qi, blocking the meridians. This is due to deficiency and weakness causing the pores (Cou Li) to open, allowing Wind, Cold, and Dampness to invade from outside. Pathogens stagnate internally, causing damp-phlegm and turbid blood to coagulate and flow sluggishly. The treatment principle is to first nourish righteousness and dispel pathogens, promoting the free flow of Qi and Blood and unblocking the meridians. For Yin-type Bi, one should vigorously tonify True Yin, avoiding acrid-dry herbs that disperse wind. One may use Shenjin Chishao (Red Peony Root for Relaxing Sinews), Gancao (Licorice), Jianghuang (Turmeric Rhizome), Chenxiang juice (Agarwood Juice), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome), and Haitongpi (Piliostigma Bark) for benefit.
[For Bi caused by Damp-Heat] (It is appropriate to soothe and unblock the meridians, allowing Clear Yang to circulate freely):
Sheng Fa Banxia (Prepared Pinellia Tuber processed with alum), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Sangzhi Gao (Mulberry Twig Paste), Sheng Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Chuan Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Jianghuang (Curcuma Longa Rhizome), Chuan Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Shan Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Lingyangjiao (Saiga Antelope Horn), Rougui (Cinnamon Bark), Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Han Fangji (Stephania Tetrandra Root), Yiren (Coix Seed), Shengdi (Rehmannia Root), Bai Fuling (Poria Sclerotium), Zhi Guiban (Tortoise Shell processed with vinegar), Xingren (Apricot Seed), Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin), Chuan Tongcao (Tetrapanax Pith), Lidoupi (Vigna Angularis Skin), Zi Chunpu (Magnolia Officinalis Bark), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthes Root), Mian Yichen (Artemisia Capillaris), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Lao Sugeng (Perilla Stem), Chuan Shihu (Dendrobium Stem), Hu Danpi (Moutan Cortex), Yujin (Curcuma Aromatica Rhizome).
[Summerheat damages Qi, Damp-Heat enters collaterals causing Bi]:
Renshen (Ginseng Root), Sheng Yuzhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Guangpi (Citrus Reticulata Peel), Shengjiangzhi (Fresh Ginger Juice), Fuling (Poria Sclerotium), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), Chuan Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange), Xian Zhuli (Fresh Bamboo Juice), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome).
[For Bi caused by Cold-Damp] (It is appropriate to slightly warm Yang, combined with unblocking and tonifying methods):
Jin Gouji (Cibotium Rhizome), Chuan Duzhong (Eucommia Bark), Xianlingpi (Epimedium Leaf), Shu Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root), Sheng Hugu (Tiger Bone - *Note: Use substitutes in modern practice*), Huai Niuxi (Achyranthes Root), Chuan Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Qizi (Goji Berry), Fuling (Poria Sclerotium), Fangji (Stephania Tetrandra Root), Wancansha (Silkworm Frass), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Bibi (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome), Yiren (Coix Seed).
[For Bi caused by Liver-Gallbladder Wind-Heat] (It is appropriate to use Sweet-Cold method to harmonize Yang):
Lingyangjiao (Saiga Antelope Horn), Yuanshen (Scrophularia Root), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Fuling (Poria Sclerotium), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem), Qizi (Goji Berry), Bai Jili (Tribulus Fruit), Danpi (Moutan Cortex), Sangzhi (Mulberry Twig), Shengdi (Rehmannia Root), Tiandong (Asparagus Tuber).
[For Bi caused by Liver-Stomach Deficiency and Stagnation] (When Yang qi steams irritably, tonify both Jueyin and Yangming):
Huangqi (Astragalus Root), Shouwu (Polygonum Multiflorum Root), Bai Jili (Tribulus Fruit), Yuzhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Guishen (Angelica Sinensis Root segment), Lidouyi (Vigna Angularis Integument).
[For Bi caused by Qi Stagnation and Heat Depression] (Due to excessive consumption of rich/greasy food after illness):
Gualoupi (Trichosanthes Peel), Sugeng (Perilla Stem), Guang Yujin (Curcuma Aromatica Rhizome), Ku Xingren (Bitter Apricot Seed), Jupi (Citrus Reticulata Peel), Banxiaqu (Pinellia Fermented Paste).
[For Bi caused by Blood Deficiency and Collateral Sluggishness]:
Xian Chi Shouwu (Fresh Red Polygonum Multiflorum Root), Tong Sangzhi (Young Mulberry Twig), Hei Zhima (Black Sesame Seed), Jiu Zhi Shouwu (Nine-Steamed Polygonum Multiflorum Root), Chuan Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig).
[For Bi caused by Heat entering Lower Jiao Blood Division]:
Guishen (Angelica Sinensis Root segment), Baiziren (Biota Seed), Gouteng (Uncaria Ramulus cum Uncis), Chuan Bibi (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome), Niuxi (Achyranthes Root), Danpi (Moutan Cortex), Bai Juhua (Chrysanthemum Flower), Yiren (Coix Seed), Sheng Hugu (Tiger Bone), Fuling (Poria Sclerotium).
[For Bi caused by Wind-Cold-Damp entering Lower Jiao Meridian Channels] (It is appropriate to use Acrid-Warm methods to promote circulation of meridian Qi):
Huoluo Dan (Meridian-Unblocking Pill), Chuan Wu (Aconitum Carmichaelii Root), Dilong (Earthworm), Chuanshanjia (Pangolin Scale), Daheidoupi (Vigna Angularis Skin).
[For Bi caused by Dispersed Defensive Yang and Wind Pathogen entering collaterals] (Wind excess treated with Sweet-Cold method):
Lingyang Pian (Saiga Antelope Horn Slice), Xingren (Apricot Seed), Haitongpi (Piliostigma Bark), Yuanshen (Scrophularia Root), Tong Sangzhi (Young Mulberry Twig), Chuan Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Han Fangji (Stephania Tetrandra Root), Lianqiao (Forsythia Fruit), Lv Doupi (Mung Bean Skin).
[For Bi caused by Liver Yin Deficiency and Malaria Pathogen entering collaterals]:
Da Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin), Tiandong (Asparagus Tuber), Wuwei (Schisandra Fruit), Guiban Jiao (Tortoise Shell Gelatin), Qiushi (Mineral Sal Ammoniac), Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Fushen (Poria Sclerotium with Hostwood).
[For Bi caused by Qi Deficiency]:
Shujin Tang (Sinew-Relaxing Decoction) plus Huangqi (Astragalus Root), Guangpi (Citrus Reticulata Peel), Fuling (Poria Sclerotium), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Fangfenggen (Saposhnikovia Root).
[For Bi caused by Ying (Nutritive) Deficiency]:
Renshen (Ginseng Root), Guishen (Angelica Sinensis Root segment), Zhi Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Nanzao (Chinese Jujube), Fuling (Poria Sclerotium), Baishao (White Peony Root), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig).
[For Bi prolonged by Essence-Blood Deficiency]:
Lu Jiao Jiao (Deer-Horn Glue), Gouqizi (Goji Berry), Sangshenzi (Mulberry Fruit), Tiandong (Asparagus Tuber), Fuling (Poria Sclerotium), Dan Congrong (Cistanche Stem), Chuan Duzhong (Eucommia Bark), Shayuanzi (Astragalus Complanatus Seed), Hugu (Tiger Bone - *Note: Use substitutes in modern practice*).
Chen Xiuyuan said: The method for treating Bi syndrome should only involve vigorously tonifying True Yin and promoting the circulation of collaterals, allowing Qi and Blood to flow freely. One must not overuse acrid-dry herbs, so as not to further damage True Yin.